International Congress of Women in 1915. left to right:1. Lucy Thoumaian - Armenia, 2. Leopoldine Kulka, 3. Laura Hughes - Canada, 4. Rosika Schwimmer - Hungary, 5. Anita Augspurg - Germany, 6. Jane Addams - USA, 7. Eugénie Hamer - Belgium, 8. Aletta Jacobs - Netherlands, 9. Chrystal Macmillan - UK, 10. Rosa Genoni - Italy, 11. Anna Kleman - Sweden, 12. Thora Daugaard - Denmark, 13. Louise Keilhau - Norway

This is a list of women pacifists and peace activists by nationality – notable women who are well known for their work in promoting pacifism.

Introduction

Women have been active in peace movements since at least the 19th century. After the First World War broke out in 1914, many women's organizations became involved in peace activities. In 1915, the International Congress of Women in the Hague brought together representatives from women's associations in several countries, leading to the establishment of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom.[1] This in turn led to national chapters which continued their work in the 1920s and 1930s. After the Second World War, European women once again became involved in peace initiatives, mainly as a result of the Cold War, while from the 1960s the Vietnam War led to renewed interest in the United States.[2]

Armenia

Australia

Austria

Botswana

Belgium

Bulgaria

Canada

Chile

Colombia

Costa Rica

Cyprus

Denmark

Finland

France

Germany

Guatemala

Hungary

India

Iran

Iraq

Ireland

Israel

Italy

Ivory Coast

Japan

Kenya

Lebanon

Liberia

Lithuania

Myanmar

Netherlands

New Zealand

Norway

Pakistan

Palau

Serbia

South Africa

Spain

Sweden

Switzerland

United Kingdom

United States

Venezuela

Yemen

See also

References

  1. ^ Paull, John (2018) The Women Who Tried to Stop the Great War: The International Congress of Women at The Hague 1915, In A. H. Campbell (Ed.), Global Leadership Initiatives for Conflict Resolution and Peacebuilding (pp. 249-266). (Ch.12) Hershey, PA: IGI Global.
  2. ^ Wilmers, Annika. "International Women's Peace Movements". EHNE. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
  3. ^ Moynagh, Maureen; Forestell, Nancy (2012). Documenting First Wave Feminisms: Volume 1: Transnational Collaborations and Crosscurrents. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 397. ISBN 978-1-4426-6410-4.
  4. ^ "Amenazan a Yolanda Becerra Vega, una mujer premiada por el gobierno de Suecia" [Yolanda Becerra Vega Threatened, a Woman Awarded by the Government of Sweden]. El Tiempo (in Spanish). 5 November 2007. Retrieved 11 January 2019.
  5. ^ Rumelili, Bahar, ed. (2015). "Ethnic Nationalism and Production of Ontological Security in Cyprus". Conflict Resolution and Ontological Security: Peace Anxieties. New York: Routledge. p. 79. ISBN 978-0-415-74912-1.
  6. ^ a b Brock, Peter; Socknat, Thomas Paul (1999). Challenge to Mars : essays on pacifism from 1918 to 1945. Toronto: University of Toronto. p. 46. ISBN 978-1-442672-796.
  7. ^ Galtung, Johan; Udayakumart, S. P. (2013). Education for Peace. Charlotte NC: Information Age Publishing. p. 99. ISBN 978-1-61735-548-6.
  8. ^ Dowling, Timothy C. (2014). "Rosa Luxemburg". In Tucker, Spencer C. (ed.). World War I: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection. Vol. 3. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p. 1003. ISBN 978-1-85109-965-8.
  9. ^ Wiltsher, Anne (1985). Most Dangerous Women: Feminist Peace Campaigners of the Great War. London: Pandora Press. p. 26. ISBN 978-0-86358-010-9.
  10. ^ Galeotti, Giulia (2006). Storia del voto alle donne in Italia alle radici del difficile rapporto tra donne e politica [The History of the Vote for Women in Italy and the Difficult Relationship between Women and Politics] (in Italian). Roma: Biblink. p. 102. ISBN 978-8-88807-166-4.
  11. ^ Pucci, Idanna (2022). "Cora Slocomb Savorgnan di Brazzà: An Artisan of Peace and Social Justice". In Laurenzi, E.; Mosca, M (eds.). A Female Activist Elite in Italy (1890–1920). Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 93. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-87159-8_4. ISBN 978-3-030-87158-1. S2CID 244783698.
  12. ^ a b c Meinzolt, Heidi; Magallón, Carmen; Sankari, Nina; Kimura, Maki; Pagani, Giovanna (10 October 2019). Women Vote Peace: Zurich Peace Congress 1919 - 2019. Norderstedt: Books on Demand. p. 49. ISBN 978-3-75040-287-4.
  13. ^ Zampini, Elisabetta (2012). "Solo l'ideale è vero: la voce ritrovata di Ida Vassalini" [Only the Ideal Is True: The Rediscovered Voice of Ida Vassalini] (PDF). Bollettino della Società Letteraria (in Italian). Verona, Italy: Società Letteraria. 2012–2013 (La terra e il cielo): 183–208. ISSN 2612-4122. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 June 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  14. ^ Everard, Myriam; de Haan, Francisca (2017). Rosa Manus (1881-1942): The International Life and Legacy of a Jewish Dutch Feminist. Leiden: Brill. p. 429. ISBN 978-9-00433-318-5.
  15. ^ Wilson, Sarah (9 November 1985). "Promise of Peace". The Evening Post. Wellington, New Zealand. p. 25.
  16. ^ Ståhl, Margareta (1980). Inventory - Women's Archives at the Labour Movement Archives and Library. Stockholm: ARAB. p. 7.
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