A pontifical university is an ecclesiastical university established or approved directly by the Holy See, composed of three main ecclesiastical faculties (Theology, Philosophy and Canon Law) and at least one other faculty. These academic institutes deal specifically with Christian revelation and related disciplines, and the Church's mission of spreading the Gospel, as proclaimed in the apostolic constitution Sapientia christiana.^[1] As of 2018, they are governed by the apostolic constitution Veritatis gaudium issued by Pope Francis on 8 December 2017.

Quality and ranking

Pontifical universities follow a European system of study hour calculation, granting the baccalaureate, the licentiate, and the ecclesiastical doctorate. These ecclesiastical degrees are prerequisites to certain offices in the Roman Catholic Church, especially considering that bishop candidates are selected mainly from priests who are doctors of sacred theology (S.T.D.) or canon law (J.C.D.) and that ecclesiastical judges and canon lawyers must have at least the Licentiate of Canon Law (J.C.L.).^{[citation needed]}

Pontifical colleges and universities are generally nondenominational, in that they accept anyone regardless of academic merit, religion or denominational affiliation, race or ethnicity, nationality, or civil status, provided the admission or enrollment requirements and legal documents are submitted, and the campus regulations are obeyed. However, some faculties or degrees and disciplines may be for Catholics only, and non-Catholics, whether Christian or not, may be exempted from participating in otherwise required campus activities, particularly those of a religious nature.^{[citation needed]}

In 2003 the Holy See took part in the Bologna Process, a series of meetings and agreements between European states designed to foster comparable quality standards in higher education, and in the "Bologna Follow-up Group". Pope Benedict XVI established the Agency for the Evaluation and Promotion of Quality in Ecclesiastical Universities and Faculties (AVEPRO), an attempt to promote and develop a culture of quality within the ecclesiastical institutions and enable them to aim in developing internationally valid quality criteria.^[2]

Compared to secular universities, which are academic institutions for the study and teaching of a broad range of disciplines, ecclesiastical or pontifical universities are "usually composed of three principal ecclesiastical faculties, theology, philosophy, and canon law, and at least one other faculty. A pontifical university specifically addresses Christian revelation and disciplines correlative to the evangelical mission of the Church as set out in the apostolic constitution Sapientia christiana".^[3][2]

List of pontifical universities

Argentina

• Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires

Austria

• International Theological Institute, Schloss Trumau
• Pontifical Athenaeum, Heiligenkreuz Abbey, Heiligenkreuz

Belgium

• Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven
• Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve

Bolivia

• The Royal and Pontifical Major University of Saint Francis Xavier of Chuquisaca

Brazil

• Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, Campinas
• Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Goiânia
• Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte
• Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo, São Paulo
• Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba
• Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro^[4]
• Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre

Canada

• Dominican University College, Ottawa
• Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, Toronto
• Regis College, Toronto
• Saint Paul University, Ottawa

Chile

• Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago
• Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaiso, Valparaíso

Colombia

• Pontifical Bolivarian University, Medellín
• Pontifical Xavierian University, Bogotá

Dominican Republic

• Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, Santo Domingo, Santiago de Los Caballeros, and Puerto Plata.

Ecuador

• Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito

France

• Catholic University of Lyon, Lyon
• Catholic University of Toulouse, Toulouse
• Catholic University of the West, Angers
• Institut Catholique de Paris, Paris
• Université Catholique de Lille, Lille

Germany

• Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Eichstätt & Ingolstadt
• Munich University of Philosophy, Munich

Guatemala

• Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala City

Ireland

• St Patrick's College, Maynooth, Maynooth; Pontifical University charter 1896^[5]

Italy

• Pontifical Atheneum of St. Anselm (Anselmianum), Rome
• Pontifical Athenaeum Regina Apostolorum, Rome
• Pontifical Gregorian University (Gregorianum), Rome
• Pontifical Lateran University, Rome
• Pontifical University of the Holy Cross (Santa Croce), Rome
• Pontifical University of St. Anthony (Antonianum), Rome
• Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas (Angelicum), Rome
• Pontifical Urbaniana University, Rome
• Salesian Pontifical University, Rome

Ivory Coast

• Université Catholique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, Abidjan

Japan

• Sophia University (Jochi), Tokyo

Kenya

• Catholic University of Eastern Africa, Nairobi

Korea

• Sogang University, Seoul

Lebanon

• Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Kaslik
• Saint Joseph University, Beirut

Mexico

• Pontifical University of Mexico, Mexico City
• Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico

Panama

• Universidad Católica Santa María La Antigua, Panama City

Paraguay

• Universidad Católica Nuestra Señora de la Asunción, Asuncion

Peru

• Royal and Pontifical University of San Marcos (UNMSM)
• Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, Lima

Philippines

• The Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas, Manila

Poland

• Pontifical University of John Paul II, Krakow

Portugal

• Catholic University of Portugal, Lisbon

Puerto Rico

• Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico, Ponce

Spain

• Comillas Pontifical University, Madrid
• Pontifical University of Salamanca, Salamanca & Madrid
• University of Deusto, Bilbao
• University of Navarra, Pamplona

Taiwan

• Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City

Ukraine

• Superior Institute of Religious Sciences of St. Thomas Aquinas, Kyiv; since 1992. An institution of higher education in Kyiv (Ukraine), conducted by the Dominican Friars of the Vicariate General of Ukraine and affiliated to the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas (Angelicum).

United Kingdom

• Mater Ecclesiae College, St Mary's University, Twickenham, London; since 2019.^[6]

United States

• Catholic University of America, Washington, DC
• International Marian Research Institute at the University of Dayton, Dayton, OH
• John Paul II Institute, Washington, DC
• Pontifical College Josephinum, Columbus, Ohio (Pope Leo XIII, 1892)^[7]
• St. Mary's Seminary and University, Baltimore, MD
• Boston College School of Theology and Ministry Brighton, MA

Additionally, numerous other United States institutions have arrangements by which they may grant pontifical degrees, including:

• Sacred Heart Major Seminary, Detroit, MI; offers the Baccalaureate in Sacred Theology (S.T.B.) which is conferred by the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas in Rome (Angelicum) through the faculty of SHMS.^[8]
• Saint Patrick's Seminary and University, Menlo Park, CA; offers the STB through the Pontifical Faculty of the Immaculate Conception.^[9]
• Kenrick–Glennon Seminary, Shrewsbury, MO; offers the STB through the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome.^[10]
• Mount St. Mary's University Seminary, Emmitsburg, MD; offers the STB through the Pontifical Faculty of the Immaculate Conception.^[11]
• Mount Angel Abbey's Seminary, Saint Benedict, OR; offers the STB through the Pontifical Athenaeum of Sant’ Anselmo in Rome.^[12]
• St. Bernard's Seminary, Rochester, NY; was granted by Pope Leo XIII the ability to award pontifical degrees up to and including the Doctorate in Theology and Philosophy.^[13]

Uruguay

• Universidad Católica del Uruguay Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga, Montevideo

Former pontifical universities

• Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany, until the German Reformation
• Heythrop College, University of London; Bellarmine Institute, London, United Kingdom.
• Lund Studium Generale, Lund, Sweden, until the Danish Reformation^[14]
• Royal and Pontifical University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina, until 1856, during the presidency of Justo José de Urquiza
• Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico, until the Mexican War of Independence
• Universidad Católica de Santo Tomás de Villanueva, Havana, Cuba, until 1961, after the Cuban Revolution
• Universidad de San Ignacio, Manila, Philippines, until 1768, after the Expulsion of the Jesuits
• Universidad Santo Tomás de Aquino, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (then in Haiti), until 1823, during the Unification of Hispaniola
• University of Aberdeen, Old Aberdeen, Scotland, until the Scottish Reformation
• University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, until the English Reformation
• University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany, until the French Revolutionary Wars
• University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, until the Danish Reformation
• University of Erfurt, until the German Reformation
• University of Freiburg, until the Suppression of the Society of Jesus
• University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, until the Scottish Reformation
• University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany, until the German Reformation
• University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany, until the German Reformation
• University of Mainz, until the French Revolutionary Wars
• University of Oxford, Oxford, England, until the English Reformation
• University of Paris, Paris, France, until the French Revolution
• University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany, until the German Reformation
• University of Saint Andrews, Saint Andrews, Scotland, until the Scottish Reformation
• University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru, until the Peruvian War of Independence
• University of Tübingen, until the German Reformation
• University of Wittenberg, until the German Reformation
• University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany, until the Napoleonic Wars
• Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, until the Swedish Reformation

Pontifical faculties

• School of Theology and Religious Studies, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC^[15]
• Theological Faculty, Catholic-Theological Private University Linz, Linz
• Facoltà di Teologia di Lugano, Lugano^[16]
• Marianum Theological Faculty, Rome
• Pontifical Faculty at the University of Saint Mary of the Lake (Mundelein Seminary), Mundelein, IL
• Pontifical Faculty of the Immaculate Conception (PFIC), Dominican House of Studies, Washington, DC
• Wedabhakti Pontifical Faculty of Theology, Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta

Ecclesiastical faculties

• Loyola School of Theology, Ateneo de Manila University, Manila, Philippines^[17]
• Catholic Institute of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
• School of Canon Law, Catholic University of America^[18]

Pontifical colleges

A number of national Roman Colleges designated as Pontifical Colleges serve primarily as residence halls for seminarians sent by the bishops of a particular country to study there, such as the Belgian Pontifical College. It may also provide housing for priests pursuing advanced degrees. Students may take classes at the Gregorian, the Angelicum or other universities in Rome. In addition, other members of the clergy may reside there when in Rome.^{[citation needed]}