Generic depiction of a cardinal's choir dress
Choir dress of a cardinal, in scarlet

Cardinals are senior members of the clergy of the Catholic Church. They are almost always bishops and generally hold important roles within the church, such as leading prominent archdioceses or heading dicasteries within the Roman Curia. Cardinals are created in consistories by the pope, and one of their foremost duties is the election of a new pope – invariably from among their number, although not strictly a requirement – when the Holy See is vacant (sede vacante), following the death or resignation of a pope. The body of all cardinals is collectively known as the College of Cardinals.[1][2]

Under current ecclesiastical law, as defined by the apostolic constitution Universi Dominici gregis, only cardinals who have not passed their 80th birthdays on the day on which the Holy See becomes vacant are eligible to take part in a papal conclave to elect a new pope.[3] The same apostolic constitution specifies that no more than 120 cardinal electors can take part in a conclave, but makes no provision for there being more than 120 eligible cardinals;[3] as of 2023 there had never been more at the time of a conclave, though it has happened frequently at other times. Cardinals may be created in pectore ('in the breast'), in which case their identities are not publicly revealed by the pope; they are not entitled to the privileges of a cardinal until their names are published. The creations of any such cardinals who have not been revealed at the pope's death or resignation automatically lapse.[1][4]

As of 15 March 2024, there are 238 cardinals, 129 of whom are cardinal electors. The most recent consistory for the creation of cardinals was held on 30 September 2023, when Pope Francis created 21 cardinals, including 18 cardinal electors.[5] José Luis Lacunza Maestrojuán was the most recent cardinal elector to turn 80, on 24 February 2024; and Louis-Marie Ling Mangkhanekhoun will be the next cardinal elector to turn 80, on 8 April 2024. The most recent death of a cardinal was that of Paul Josef Cordes, on 15 March 2024, at the age of 89.[6]

Cardinals

The College of Cardinals is divided into three orders, with formal precedence in the following sequence:[1]

  1. Cardinal bishops (CB): the six cardinals who are assigned the titles of the seven suburbicarian dioceses in the vicinity of Rome by the pope,[a] plus a few other cardinals who have been exceptionally co-opted into the order,[9][10] as well as patriarchs who head one of the Eastern Catholic Churches.[8][11] The two most senior cardinal bishops, who are elected by the cardinal bishops from among themselves (excluding the Eastern Catholic patriarchs) and approved by the pope, are the dean and the vice dean,[1] currently Giovanni Battista Re and Leonardo Sandri, respectively; among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal bishop is Pietro Parolin.[b]
  2. Cardinal priests (CP): bishops typically in charge of dioceses around the world, as well as former cardinal deacons who have opted to be elevated to the order.[12] The most senior cardinal priest is the protopriest, currently Michael Michai Kitbunchu; among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal priest is Vinko Puljić.[b]
  3. Cardinal deacons (CD): bishops who work in the Roman Curia or the diplomatic service of the Holy See, and all other clergy, including priests who have been granted a dispensation not to be consecrated a bishop. They have the choice (Latin: optatio) of opting to become cardinal priests after having been cardinal deacons for ten years.[1][13] The most senior cardinal deacon is the protodeacon, currently Renato Martino; among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal deacon is James Michael Harvey and the junior cardinal deacon is Ángel Fernández Artime.[b]

For cardinal bishops (excluding the Eastern Catholic patriarchs), the dean is first in precedence, followed by the vice-dean and then, in order of appointment as cardinal bishops, by the remainder. For cardinal bishops who are Eastern Catholic patriarchs, for cardinal priests and for cardinal deacons, precedence is determined by the date of the consistory in which they were created cardinals and then by the order in which they appeared in the official announcement or bulletin.

All cardinals listed are members of the Latin Church unless otherwise stated. Cardinals belonging to institutes of consecrated life or to societies of apostolic life are indicated by the relevant post-nominal letters. Cardinals in charge of dioceses are classified under the country where their diocese is located, although they may be citizens of a different country.

This list is complete and up to date as of 15 March 2024.
* Cardinals ineligible to participate in a papal conclave
Rank Name Country Born Order Consistory Office Ref.
1 Giovanni Battista Re* Italy 30 January 1934
(age 90) 		CB 21 February 2001[i]
John Paul II 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Bishops [15]
2 Leonardo Sandri* Argentina 18 November 1943
(age 80) 		CB 24 November 2007[ii]
Benedict XVI 		Prefect emeritus of the Dicastery for the Eastern Churches [16]
3 Francis Arinze* Nigeria 1 November 1932
(age 91) 		CB 25 May 1985[iii]
John Paul II 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments [17]
4 Tarcisio Bertone SDB* Italy 2 December 1934
(age 89) 		CB 21 October 2003[iv]
John Paul II 		Secretary of State emeritus of His Holiness and Camerlengo emeritus of the Holy Roman Church [18]
5 José Saraiva Martins CMF* Portugal 6 January 1932
(age 92) 		CB 21 February 2001[v]
John Paul II 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints [19]
6 Pietro Parolin Italy 17 January 1955
(age 69) 		CB 22 February 2014[vi]
Francis 		Secretary of State of His Holiness [20]
7 Marc Ouellet PSS Canada 8 June 1944
(age 79) 		CB 21 October 2003[vi]
John Paul II 		Prefect emeritus of the Dicastery for Bishops [21]
8 Fernando Filoni Italy 15 April 1946
(age 77) 		CB 18 February 2012[vii]
Benedict XVI 		Grand Master of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre [22]
9 Beniamino Stella* Italy 18 August 1941
(age 82) 		CB 22 February 2014[viii]
Francis 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Clergy [23]
10 Luis Antonio Tagle Philippines 21 June 1957
(age 66) 		CB 24 November 2012[ix]
Benedict XVI 		Pro-Prefect of the Dicastery for Evangelization [24]
11 Bechara Boutros al-Rahi OMM* Lebanon 25 February 1940
(age 84) 		CB 24 November 2012
Benedict XVI 		Patriarch of Antioch
(Maronite Church) 		[25]
12 Louis Raphaël I Sako Iraq 4 July 1948
(age 75) 		CB 28 June 2018
Francis 		Patriarch of Baghdad
(Chaldean Church) 		[26]
13 Michael Michai Kitbunchu* Thailand 25 January 1929
(age 95) 		CP 2 February 1983
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Bangkok [27]
14 Alexandre do Nascimento* Angola 1 March 1925
(age 99) 		CP 2 February 1983
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Luanda [28]
15 Paul Poupard* France 30 August 1930
(age 93) 		CP 25 May 1985[x]
John Paul II 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Councils for Culture and for Interreligious Dialogue [29]
16 Friedrich Wetter* Germany 20 February 1928
(age 96) 		CP 25 May 1985
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Munich and Freising [30]
17 Nicolás de Jesús López Rodríguez* Dominican Republic 31 October 1936
(age 87) 		CP 28 June 1991
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Santo Domingo [31]
18 Roger Mahony* United States 27 February 1936
(age 88) 		CP 28 June 1991
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Los Angeles [32]
19 Camillo Ruini* Italy 19 February 1931
(age 93) 		CP 28 June 1991
John Paul II 		Vicar General emeritus for Rome and Archpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint John Lateran [33]
20 Julius Darmaatmadja SJ* Indonesia 20 December 1934
(age 89) 		CP 26 November 1994
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Jakarta [34]
21 Emmanuel Wamala* Uganda 15 December 1926
(age 97) 		CP 26 November 1994
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Kampala [35]
22 Adam Maida* United States 18 March 1930
(age 94) 		CP 26 November 1994
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Detroit [36]
23 Vinko Puljić Bosnia and Herzegovina 8 September 1945
(age 78) 		CP 26 November 1994
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Vrhbosna [37]
24 Juan Sandoval Íñiguez* Mexico 28 March 1933
(age 91) 		CP 26 November 1994
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Guadalajara [38]
25 James Stafford* United States 26 July 1932
(age 91) 		CP 21 February 1998[xi]
John Paul II 		Major Penitentiary emeritus [39]
26 Salvatore De Giorgi* Italy 6 September 1930
(age 93) 		CP 21 February 1998
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Palermo [40]
27 Antonio María Rouco Varela* Spain 20 August 1936
(age 87) 		CP 21 February 1998
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Madrid [41]
28 Polycarp Pengo Tanzania 5 August 1944
(age 79) 		CP 21 February 1998
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Dar-es-Salaam [42]
29 Christoph Schönborn OP Austria[c] 22 January 1945
(age 79) 		CP 21 February 1998
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Vienna [43]
30 Norberto Rivera Carrera* Mexico 6 June 1942
(age 81) 		CP 21 February 1998
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Mexico [44]
31 Jānis Pujats* Latvia 14 November 1930
(age 93) 		CP 21 February 1998[d]
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Riga [45]
32 Crescenzio Sepe* Italy 2 June 1943
(age 80) 		CP 21 February 2001[xii]
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Naples [46]
33 Walter Kasper* Germany 5 March 1933
(age 91) 		CP 21 February 2001[xiii]
John Paul II 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity [47]
34 Pedro Rubiano Sáenz* Colombia 13 September 1932
(age 91) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Bogotá [48]
35 Audrys Bačkis* Lithuania 1 February 1937
(age 87) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Vilnius [49]
36 Francisco Javier Errázuriz Ossa ISch* Chile 5 September 1933
(age 90) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Santiago de Chile [50]
37 Wilfrid Napier OFM* South Africa 8 March 1941
(age 83) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Durban [51]
38 Óscar Rodríguez Maradiaga SDB* Honduras 29 December 1942
(age 81) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Tegucigalpa and Coordinator emeritus of the Council of Cardinals [52]
39 Juan Luis Cipriani Thorne* Peru 28 December 1943
(age 80) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Lima [53]
40 Julián Herranz Casado* Spain 31 March 1930
(age 93) 		CP 21 October 2003[xiv]
John Paul II 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts [54]
41 Angelo Scola* Italy 7 November 1941
(age 82) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Milan [55]
42 Anthony Olubunmi Okogie* Nigeria 16 June 1936
(age 87) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Lagos [56]
43 Gabriel Zubeir Wako* Sudan 27 February 1941
(age 83) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Khartoum [57]
44 Justin Rigali* United States 19 April 1935
(age 88) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Philadelphia [58]
45 Ennio Antonelli* Italy 18 November 1936
(age 87) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for the Family [59]
46 Peter Turkson Ghana 11 October 1948
(age 75) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Chancellor of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences and the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences [60]
47 Josip Bozanić Croatia 20 March 1949
(age 75) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Zagreb [61]
48 Jean-Baptiste Phạm Minh Mẫn* Vietnam 5 March 1934
(age 90) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Ho Chi Minh City [62]
49 Philippe Barbarin France 17 October 1950
(age 73) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Lyon [63]
50 Péter Erdő Hungary 25 June 1952
(age 71) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Esztergom–Budapest [64]
51 Franc Rodé CM* Slovenia 23 September 1934
(age 89) 		CP 24 March 2006[xv]
Benedict XVI 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life [65]
52 Agostino Vallini* Italy 17 April 1940
(age 83) 		CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI 		Pontifical Legate for the Basilicas of Saint Francis and Saint Mary of the Angels in Assisi [66]
53 Gaudencio Borbon Rosales* Philippines 10 August 1932
(age 91) 		CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Manila [67]
54 Jean-Pierre Ricard France 25 September 1944
(age 79) 		CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Bordeaux [68]
55 Antonio Cañizares Llovera Spain 15 October 1945
(age 78) 		CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Valencia [69]
56 Seán Patrick O'Malley OFMCap United States 29 June 1944
(age 79) 		CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Boston and President of the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors [70]
57 Stanisław Dziwisz* Poland 27 April 1939
(age 84) 		CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Kraków [71]
58 Joseph Zen Ze-kiun SDB* China
(Hong Kong)[e] 		13 January 1932
(age 92) 		CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI 		Bishop emeritus of Hong Kong [72]
59 Giovanni Lajolo* Italy 3 January 1935
(age 89) 		CP 24 November 2007[xvi]
Benedict XVI 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State [73]
60 Angelo Comastri* Italy 17 September 1943
(age 80) 		CP 24 November 2007[xvi]
Benedict XVI 		Vicar General emeritus for Vatican City, Archpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint Peter and President emeritus of the Fabric of Saint Peter [74]
61 Stanisław Ryłko Poland 4 July 1945
(age 78) 		CP 24 November 2007[xvi]
Benedict XVI 		Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major [75]
62 Raffaele Farina SDB* Italy 24 September 1933
(age 90) 		CP 24 November 2007[xvi]
Benedict XVI 		Archivist and Librarian emeritus of the Holy Roman Church [76]
63 Seán Brady* Ireland[f] 16 August 1939
(age 84) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Armagh [77]
64 Lluís Martínez i Sistach* Spain 29 April 1937
(age 86) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Barcelona [78]
65 André Vingt-Trois* France 7 November 1942
(age 81) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Paris [79]
66 Angelo Bagnasco* Italy 14 January 1943
(age 81) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Genoa [80]
67 Théodore-Adrien Sarr* Senegal 28 November 1936
(age 87) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Dakar [81]
68 Oswald Gracias India 24 December 1944
(age 79) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Bombay [82]
69 Francisco Robles Ortega Mexico 2 March 1949
(age 75) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Guadalajara [83]
70 Daniel DiNardo United States 23 May 1949
(age 74) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Galveston–Houston [84]
71 Odilo Scherer Brazil 21 September 1949
(age 74) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of São Paulo [85]
72 John Njue Kenya 1944[g]
(age 79–80) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Nairobi [86]
73 Estanislao Esteban Karlic* Argentina 7 February 1926
(age 98) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Paraná [88]
74 Angelo Amato SDB* Italy 8 June 1938
(age 85) 		CP 20 November 2010[xvii]
Benedict XVI 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints [89]
75 Robert Sarah Guinea 15 June 1945
(age 78) 		CP 20 November 2010[xvii]
Benedict XVI 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments [90]
76 Francesco Monterisi* Italy 28 May 1934
(age 89) 		CP 20 November 2010[xvii]
Benedict XVI 		Archpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls [91]
77 Raymond Leo Burke United States 30 June 1948
(age 75) 		CP 20 November 2010[xvii]
Benedict XVI 		Patron emeritus of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta [92]
78 Kurt Koch Switzerland 15 March 1950
(age 74) 		CP 20 November 2010[xvii]
Benedict XVI 		Prefect of the Dicastery for Promoting Christian Unity [93]
79 Mauro Piacenza Italy 15 September 1944
(age 79) 		CP 20 November 2010[xvii]
Benedict XVI 		Major Penitentiary [94]
80 Gianfranco Ravasi* Italy 18 October 1942
(age 81) 		CP 20 November 2010[xvii]
Benedict XVI 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Culture [95]
81 Paolo Romeo* Italy 20 February 1938
(age 86) 		CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Palermo [96]
82 Donald Wuerl* United States 12 November 1940
(age 83) 		CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Washington [97]
83 Raymundo Damasceno Assis* Brazil 15 February 1937
(age 87) 		CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Aparecida [98]
84 Kazimierz Nycz Poland 1 February 1950
(age 74) 		CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Warsaw [99]
85 Malcolm Ranjith Sri Lanka 15 November 1947
(age 76) 		CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Colombo [100]
86 Reinhard Marx Germany 21 September 1953
(age 70) 		CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Munich and Freising and Coordinator of the Council for the Economy [101]
87 Walter Brandmüller* Germany 5 January 1929
(age 95) 		CP 20 November 2010[xvii]
Benedict XVI 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Committee for Historical Sciences [102]
88 Manuel Monteiro de Castro* Portugal 29 March 1938
(age 85) 		CP 18 February 2012[xviii]
Benedict XVI 		Major Penitentiary emeritus [103]
89 Santos Abril y Castelló* Spain 21 September 1935
(age 88) 		CP 18 February 2012[xviii]
Benedict XVI 		Archpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major [104]
90 Antonio Maria Vegliò* Italy 3 February 1938
(age 86) 		CP 18 February 2012[xviii]
Benedict XVI 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People [105]
91 Giuseppe Bertello* Italy 1 October 1942
(age 81) 		CP 18 February 2012[xviii]
Benedict XVI 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State [106]
92 Francesco Coccopalmerio* Italy 6 March 1938
(age 86) 		CP 18 February 2012[xviii]
Benedict XVI 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts [107]
93 João Braz de Aviz Brazil 24 April 1947
(age 76) 		CP 18 February 2012[xviii]
Benedict XVI 		Prefect of the Dicastery for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life [108]
94 Edwin Frederick O'Brien* United States 8 April 1939
(age 84) 		CP 18 February 2012[xviii]
Benedict XVI 		Grand Master emeritus of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre [109]
95 Domenico Calcagno* Italy 3 February 1943
(age 81) 		CP 18 February 2012[xviii]
Benedict XVI 		President emeritus of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See [110]
96 Giuseppe Versaldi* Italy 30 July 1943
(age 80) 		CP 18 February 2012[xviii]
Benedict XVI 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Catholic Education [111]
97 George Alencherry India 19 April 1945
(age 78) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Major Archbishop emeritus of Ernakulam–Angamaly
(Syro-Malabar Church) 		[112]
98 Thomas Collins Canada 16 January 1947
(age 77) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Toronto [113]
99 Dominik Duka OP* Czech Republic 26 April 1943
(age 80) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Prague [114]
100 Wim Eijk Netherlands 22 June 1953
(age 70) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Utrecht [115]
101 Giuseppe Betori Italy 25 February 1947
(age 77) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Florence [116]
102 Timothy M. Dolan United States 6 February 1950
(age 74) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of New York [117]
103 Rainer Woelki Germany 18 August 1956
(age 67) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Cologne [118]
104 John Tong Hon* China
(Hong Kong)[e] 		31 July 1939
(age 84) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Bishop emeritus of Hong Kong [119]
105 Lucian Mureșan* Romania 23 May 1931
(age 92) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Major Archbishop of Făgăraș and Alba Iulia
(Romanian Greek Church) 		[120]
106 Baselios Cleemis India 15 June 1959
(age 64) 		CP 24 November 2012
Benedict XVI 		Major Archbishop of Trivandrum
(Syro-Malankara Church) 		[121]
107 John Onaiyekan* Nigeria 29 January 1944
(age 80) 		CP 24 November 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Abuja [122]
108 Rubén Salazar Gómez* Colombia 22 September 1942
(age 81) 		CP 24 November 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Bogotá [123]
109 Vincent Nichols United Kingdom 8 November 1945
(age 78) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop of Westminster [124]
110 Leopoldo Brenes Nicaragua 7 March 1949
(age 75) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop of Managua [125]
111 Gérald Lacroix ISPX Canada 27 July 1957
(age 66) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop of Quebec [126]
112 Jean-Pierre Kutwa Ivory Coast 22 December 1945
(age 78) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop of Abidjan [127]
113 Orani João Tempesta OCist Brazil 23 June 1950
(age 73) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro [128]
114 Gualtiero Bassetti* Italy 7 April 1942
(age 81) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Perugia–Città della Pieve [129]
115 Mario Aurelio Poli Argentina 29 November 1947
(age 76) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Buenos Aires [130]
116 Andrew Yeom Soo-jung* South Korea 5 December 1943
(age 80) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Seoul [131]
117 Ricardo Ezzati SDB* Chile[h] 7 January 1942
(age 82) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Santiago de Chile [132]
118 Philippe Ouédraogo Burkina Faso 25 January 1945
(age 79) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Ouagadougou [133]
119 Orlando Quevedo OMI* Philippines 11 March 1939
(age 85) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Cotabato [134]
120 Chibly Langlois Haiti 29 November 1958
(age 65) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Bishop of Les Cayes [135]
121 Kelvin Edward Felix* Saint Lucia[i] 15 February 1933
(age 91) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Castries [136]
122 Manuel Clemente Portugal 16 July 1948
(age 75) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Patriarch emeritus of Lisbon [137]
123 Berhaneyesus Demerew Souraphiel CM Ethiopia 14 July 1948
(age 75) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop of Addis Abeba
(Ethiopian Church) 		[138]
124 John Dew New Zealand 5 May 1948
(age 75) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Wellington [139]
125 Edoardo Menichelli* Italy 14 October 1939
(age 84) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Ancona–Osimo [140]
126 Pierre Nguyễn Văn Nhơn* Vietnam 1 April 1938
(age 85) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Hanoi [141]
127 Alberto Suárez Inda* Mexico 30 January 1939
(age 85) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Morelia [142]
128 Charles Maung Bo SDB Myanmar 29 October 1948
(age 75) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop of Yangon [143]
129 Kriengsak Kovitvanit Thailand 27 June 1949
(age 74) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop of Bangkok [144]
130 Francesco Montenegro Italy 22 May 1946
(age 77) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Agrigento [145]
131 Daniel Sturla SDB Uruguay 4 July 1959
(age 64) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop of Montevideo [146]
132 Ricardo Blázquez* Spain 13 April 1942
(age 81) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Valladolid [147]
133 José Luis Lacunza Maestrojuán OAR* Panama[j] 24 February 1944
(age 80) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Bishop emeritus of David [148]
134 Arlindo Gomes Furtado Cape Verde 15 November 1949
(age 74) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Bishop of Santiago de Cabo Verde [149]
135 Soane Patita Paini Mafi Tonga 19 December 1961
(age 62) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Bishop of Tonga [150]
136 Luis Héctor Villalba* Argentina 11 October 1934
(age 89) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Tucumán [151]
137 Júlio Duarte Langa* Mozambique 27 October 1927
(age 96) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Bishop emeritus of Xai-Xai [152]
138 Dieudonné Nzapalainga CSSp Central African Republic 14 March 1967
(age 57) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop of Bangui [153]
139 Carlos Osoro Sierra Spain 16 May 1945
(age 78) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Madrid [154]
140 Sérgio da Rocha Brazil 21 October 1959
(age 64) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop of São Salvador da Bahia [155]
141 Blase J. Cupich United States 19 March 1949
(age 75) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop of Chicago [156]
142 Patrick D'Rozario CSC* Bangladesh 1 October 1943
(age 80) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Dhaka [157]
143 Baltazar Enrique Porras Cardozo Venezuela 10 October 1944
(age 79) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop of Caracas [158]
144 Jozef De Kesel Belgium 17 June 1947
(age 76) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Mechelen–Brussels [159]
145 Maurice Piat CSSp* Mauritius 19 July 1941
(age 82) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Bishop emeritus of Port-Louis [160]
146 Carlos Aguiar Retes Mexico 9 January 1950
(age 74) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop of Mexico [161]
147 John Ribat MSC Papua New Guinea 9 February 1957
(age 67) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop of Port Moresby [162]
148 Joseph W. Tobin CSsR United States 3 May 1952
(age 71) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop of Newark [163]
149 Jean Zerbo* Mali 27 December 1943
(age 80) 		CP 28 June 2017
Francis 		Archbishop of Bamako [164]
150 Juan José Omella Spain 21 April 1946
(age 77) 		CP 28 June 2017
Francis 		Archbishop of Barcelona [165]
151 Anders Arborelius OCD Sweden 24 September 1949
(age 74) 		CP 28 June 2017
Francis 		Bishop of Stockholm [166]
152 Louis-Marie Ling Mangkhanekhoun IVD Laos 8 April 1944
(age 79) 		CP 28 June 2017
Francis 		Apostolic Vicar of Vientiane [167]
153 Gregorio Rosa Chávez* El Salvador 3 September 1942
(age 81) 		CP 28 June 2017
Francis 		Auxiliary Bishop emeritus of San Salvador [168]
154 Angelo De Donatis Italy 4 January 1954
(age 70) 		CP 28 June 2018
Francis 		Vicar General for Rome and Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint John Lateran [169]
155 Joseph Coutts Pakistan 21 July 1945
(age 78) 		CP 28 June 2018
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Karachi [170]
156 António Marto Portugal 5 May 1947
(age 76) 		CP 28 June 2018
Francis 		Bishop emeritus of Leiria–Fátima [171]
157 Pedro Barreto SJ* Peru 12 February 1944
(age 80) 		CP 28 June 2018
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Huancayo [172]
158 Désiré Tsarahazana Madagascar 13 June 1954
(age 69) 		CP 28 June 2018
Francis 		Archbishop of Toamasina [173]
159 Giuseppe Petrocchi Italy 19 August 1948
(age 75) 		CP 28 June 2018
Francis 		Archbishop of L'Aquila [174]
160 Thomas Aquino Manyo Maeda Japan 3 March 1949
(age 75) 		CP 28 June 2018
Francis 		Archbishop of Osaka–Takamatsu [175]
161 Toribio Ticona Porco* Bolivia 25 April 1937
(age 86) 		CP 28 June 2018
Francis 		Bishop Prelate emeritus of Corocoro [176]
162 Ignatius Suharyo Hardjoatmodjo Indonesia 9 July 1950
(age 73) 		CP 5 October 2019
Francis 		Archbishop of Jakarta [177]
163 Juan García Rodríguez Cuba 11 July 1948
(age 75) 		CP 5 October 2019
Francis 		Archbishop of San Cristóbal de la Habana [178]
164 Fridolin Ambongo Besungu OFMCap Democratic Republic of the Congo 24 January 1960
(age 64) 		CP 5 October 2019
Francis 		Archbishop of Kinshasa [179]
165 Jean-Claude Hollerich SJ Luxembourg 9 August 1958
(age 65) 		CP 5 October 2019
Francis 		Archbishop of Luxembourg [180]
166 Álvaro Leonel Ramazzini Imeri Guatemala 16 July 1947
(age 76) 		CP 5 October 2019
Francis 		Bishop of Huehuetenango [181]
167 Matteo Zuppi Italy 11 October 1955
(age 68) 		CP 5 October 2019
Francis 		Archbishop of Bologna [182]
168 Cristóbal López Romero SDB Morocco[k] 19 May 1952
(age 71) 		CP 5 October 2019
Francis 		Archbishop of Rabat [183]
169 Sigitas Tamkevičius SJ* Lithuania 7 November 1938
(age 85) 		CP 5 October 2019
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Kaunas [184]
170 Eugenio Dal Corso PSDP* Angola[l] 16 May 1939
(age 84) 		CP 5 October 2019
Francis 		Bishop emeritus of Benguela [185]
171 Antoine Kambanda Rwanda 10 November 1958
(age 65) 		CP 28 November 2020
Francis 		Archbishop of Kigali [186]
172 Wilton Daniel Gregory United States 7 December 1947
(age 76) 		CP 28 November 2020
Francis 		Archbishop of Washington [187]
173 Jose Advincula OP Philippines 30 March 1952
(age 71) 		CP 28 November 2020
Francis 		Archbishop of Manila [188]
174 Celestino Aós Braco OFMCap Chile[m] 6 April 1945
(age 78) 		CP 28 November 2020
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Santiago de Chile [189]
175 Augusto Paolo Lojudice Italy 1 July 1964
(age 59) 		CP 28 November 2020
Francis 		Archbishop of Siena–Colle di Val d'Elsa–Montalcino and Bishop of Montepulciano–Chiusi–Pienza [190]
176 Felipe Arizmendi Esquivel* Mexico 1 May 1940
(age 83) 		CP 28 November 2020
Francis 		Bishop emeritus of San Cristóbal de Las Casas [191]
177 Jean-Marc Aveline France 26 December 1958
(age 65) 		CP 27 August 2022
Francis 		Archbishop of Marseille [192]
178 Peter Okpaleke Nigeria 1 March 1963
(age 61) 		CP 27 August 2022
Francis 		Bishop of Ekwulobia [193]
179 Leonardo Ulrich Steiner OFM Brazil 6 November 1950
(age 73) 		CP 27 August 2022
Francis 		Archbishop of Manaus [194]
180 Filipe Neri Ferrão India 20 January 1953
(age 71) 		CP 27 August 2022
Francis 		Archbishop of Goa and Daman and Patriarch of the East Indies [195]
181 Robert W. McElroy United States 5 February 1954
(age 70) 		CP 27 August 2022
Francis 		Bishop of San Diego [196]
182 Virgílio do Carmo da Silva SDB East Timor 27 November 1967
(age 56) 		CP 27 August 2022
Francis 		Archbishop of Díli [197]
183 Oscar Cantoni Italy 1 September 1950
(age 73) 		CP 27 August 2022
Francis 		Bishop of Como [198]
184 Anthony Poola India 15 November 1961
(age 62) 		CP 27 August 2022
Francis 		Archbishop of Hyderabad [199]
185 Paulo Cezar Costa Brazil 20 July 1967
(age 56) 		CP 27 August 2022
Francis 		Archbishop of Brasília [200]
186 William Goh Singapore 25 June 1957
(age 66) 		CP 27 August 2022
Francis 		Archbishop of Singapore [201]
187 Adalberto Martínez Flores Paraguay 8 July 1951
(age 72) 		CP 27 August 2022
Francis 		Archbishop of Asunción [202]
188 Giorgio Marengo IMC Mongolia[n] 7 June 1974
(age 49) 		CP 27 August 2022
Francis 		Apostolic Prefect of Ulaanbaatar [203]
189 Jorge Enrique Jiménez Carvajal CJM* Colombia 29 March 1942
(age 81) 		CP 27 August 2022
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Cartagena [204]
190 Arrigo Miglio* Italy 18 July 1942
(age 81) 		CP 27 August 2022
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Cagliari [205]
191 Pierbattista Pizzaballa OFM Jerusalem[o] 21 April 1965
(age 58) 		CP 30 September 2023
Francis 		Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem [207]
192 Stephen Brislin South Africa 24 September 1956
(age 67) 		CP 30 September 2023
Francis 		Archbishop of Cape Town [208]
193 Ángel Sixto Rossi SJ Argentina 11 August 1958
(age 65) 		CP 30 September 2023
Francis 		Archbishop of Córdoba [209]
194 Luis José Rueda Aparicio Colombia 3 March 1962
(age 62) 		CP 30 September 2023
Francis 		Archbishop of Bogotá [210]
195 Grzegorz Ryś Poland 9 February 1964
(age 60) 		CP 30 September 2023
Francis 		Archbishop of Łódź [211]
196 Stephen Ameyu Martin Mulla South Sudan 10 January 1964
(age 60) 		CP 30 September 2023
Francis 		Archbishop of Juba [212]
197 José Cobo Cano Spain 20 September 1965
(age 58) 		CP 30 September 2023
Francis 		Archbishop of Madrid [213]
198 Protase Rugambwa Tanzania 31 May 1960
(age 63) 		CP 30 September 2023
Francis 		Archbishop of Tabora [214]
199 Sebastian Francis Malaysia 11 November 1951
(age 72) 		CP 30 September 2023
Francis 		Bishop of Penang [215]
200 Stephen Chow Sau-yan SJ China
(Hong Kong)[e] 		7 August 1959
(age 64) 		CP 30 September 2023
Francis 		Bishop of Hong Kong [216]
201 François-Xavier Bustillo OFMConv France[p] 23 November 1968
(age 55) 		CP 30 September 2023
Francis 		Bishop of Ajaccio [217]
202 Américo Aguiar Portugal 12 December 1973
(age 50) 		CP 30 September 2023
Francis 		Bishop of Setúbal [218]
203 Diego Rafael Padrón Sánchez* Venezuela 17 May 1939
(age 84) 		CP 30 September 2023
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Cumaná [219]
204 Renato Martino* Italy 23 November 1932
(age 91) 		CD 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Councils for Justice and Peace and for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People [220]
205 James Michael Harvey United States 20 October 1949
(age 74) 		CD 24 November 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls [221]
206 Lorenzo Baldisseri* Italy 29 September 1940
(age 83) 		CD 22 February 2014
Francis 		Secretary-General emeritus of the Synod of Bishops [222]
207 Gerhard Ludwig Müller Germany 31 December 1947
(age 76) 		CD 22 February 2014
Francis 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith [223]
208 Dominique Mamberti France 7 March 1952
(age 72) 		CD 14 February 2015
Francis 		Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura [224]
209 Mario Zenari Italy 5 January 1946
(age 78) 		CD 19 November 2016
Francis 		Apostolic Nuncio to Syria [225]
210 Kevin Farrell United States[q] 2 September 1947
(age 76) 		CD 19 November 2016
Francis 		Prefect of the Dicastery for the Laity, Family and Life and Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church [226]
211 Ernest Simoni* Albania 18 October 1928
(age 95) 		CD 19 November 2016
Francis 		Priest of the Archdiocese of Shkodër–Pult[r] [227]
212 Luis Ladaria Ferrer SJ Spain 19 April 1944
(age 79) 		CD 28 June 2018
Francis 		Prefect emeritus of the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith [228]
213 Giovanni Angelo Becciu*[s] Italy 2 June 1948
(age 75) 		CD 28 June 2018
Francis 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints [231]
214 Konrad Krajewski Poland 25 November 1963
(age 60) 		CD 28 June 2018
Francis 		Almoner of His Holiness [232]
215 Aquilino Bocos Merino CMF* Spain 17 May 1938
(age 85) 		CD 28 June 2018
Francis 		Superior General emeritus of the Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of Mary [233]
216 Miguel Ángel Ayuso Guixot MCCJ Spain 17 June 1952
(age 71) 		CD 5 October 2019
Francis 		Prefect of the Dicastery for Interreligious Dialogue [234]
217 José Tolentino de Mendonça Portugal 15 December 1965
(age 58) 		CD 5 October 2019
Francis 		Prefect of the Dicastery for Culture and Education [235]
218 Michael Czerny SJ Canada[t] 18 July 1946
(age 77) 		CD 5 October 2019
Francis 		Prefect of the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development [236]
219 Michael Fitzgerald MAfr* United Kingdom 17 August 1937
(age 86) 		CD 5 October 2019
Francis 		Apostolic Nuncio emeritus to Egypt [237]
220 Mario Grech Malta 20 February 1957
(age 67) 		CD 28 November 2020
Francis 		Secretary-General of the Synod of Bishops [238]
221 Marcello Semeraro Italy 22 December 1947
(age 76) 		CD 28 November 2020
Francis 		Prefect of the Dicastery for the Causes of Saints [239]
222 Mauro Gambetti OFMConv Italy 27 October 1965
(age 58) 		CD 28 November 2020
Francis 		Vicar General for Vatican City, Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Peter and President of the Fabric of Saint Peter [240]
223 Silvano Maria Tomasi CS* Italy 12 October 1940
(age 83) 		CD 28 November 2020
Francis 		Special Delegate to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta [241]
224 Raniero Cantalamessa OFMCap* Italy 22 July 1934
(age 89) 		CD 28 November 2020
Francis 		Preacher of the Papal Household[r] [242]
225 Enrico Feroci* Italy 27 August 1940
(age 83) 		CD 28 November 2020
Francis 		Pastor of the Shrine of Our Lady of Divine Love in Castel di Leva, Rome [243]
226 Arthur Roche United Kingdom 6 March 1950
(age 74) 		CD 27 August 2022
Francis 		Prefect of the Dicastery for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments [244]
227 Lazarus You Heung-sik South Korea 17 November 1951
(age 72) 		CD 27 August 2022
Francis 		Prefect of the Dicastery for the Clergy [245]
228 Fernando Vérgez Alzaga LC Spain 1 March 1945
(age 79) 		CD 27 August 2022
Francis 		President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State [246]
229 Gianfranco Ghirlanda SJ* Italy 5 July 1942
(age 81) 		CD 27 August 2022
Francis 		Patron of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta[r] [247]
230 Fortunato Frezza* Italy 6 February 1942
(age 82) 		CD 27 August 2022
Francis 		Canon of the Chapter of the Papal Basilica of Saint Peter [248]
231 Robert Francis Prevost OSA United States 14 September 1955
(age 68) 		CD 30 September 2023
Francis 		Prefect of the Dicastery for Bishops [249]
232 Claudio Gugerotti Italy 7 October 1955
(age 68) 		CD 30 September 2023
Francis 		Prefect of the Dicastery for the Eastern Churches [250]
233 Víctor Manuel Fernández Argentina 18 July 1962
(age 61) 		CD 30 September 2023
Francis 		Prefect of the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith [251]
234 Emil Paul Tscherrig Switzerland 3 February 1947
(age 77) 		CD 30 September 2023
Francis 		Apostolic Nuncio emeritus to Italy and San Marino [252]
235 Christophe Pierre France 30 January 1946
(age 78) 		CD 30 September 2023
Francis 		Apostolic Nuncio to the United States [253]
236 Ángel Fernández Artime SDB Spain 21 August 1960
(age 63) 		CD 30 September 2023
Francis 		Rector Major of the Salesians [254]
237 Agostino Marchetto* Italy 28 August 1940
(age 83) 		CD 30 September 2023
Francis 		Secretary emeritus of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People [255]
238 Luis Pascual Dri OFMCap* Argentina 17 April 1927
(age 96) 		CD 30 September 2023
Francis 		Confessor at the Shrine of Our Lady of Pompei [es], Buenos Aires [256]


Demographics of the College of Cardinals

At present, 129 of 238 cardinals are eligible to participate in a papal conclave. The number of votes required to be elected pope with a two-thirds supermajority,[3][257] if all 129 cardinal electors were to participate (notwithstanding the maximum of 120 specified in Universi Dominici gregis), would be 86.

Cardinals by appointing Pope

This table indicates the number of current cardinals created by each pope and belonging to each order of the college.

Pope All cardinals Cardinal electors
No. Name CB CP CD Total CB CP CD Total
264 John Paul II
(1978–2005) 		5 38 1 44 1 7 0 8
265 Benedict XVI
(2005–2013) 		4 58 1 63 2 24 1 27
266 Francis
(2013–present) 		3 95 33 131 2 71 21 94
Total 12 191 35 238 5 102 22 129

Cardinals by particular church sui iuris

While most cardinals belong to the Latin Church, which encompasses the vast majority of Catholics, a small number of cardinals belong to one of the twenty-three autonomous (sui iuris) Eastern Catholic Churches. At present, there are six Eastern Catholic cardinals, including four cardinal electors, belonging to six particular churches sui iuris:

Particular church sui iuris All cardinals Cardinal electors
Latin Church (Western) 232 125
Eastern Churches Chaldean Church 1 1
Ethiopian Church 1 1
Maronite Church 1 0
Romanian Greek Church 1 0
Syro-Malabar Church 1 1
Syro-Malankara Church 1 1
Total 6 4
Total 238 129

Cardinals by institute of consecrated life or society of apostolic life

At present, there are 59 cardinals, including 35 cardinal electors, who are members of the religious life, representing 29 institutes of consecrated life and societies of apostolic life. Common names for members, if different, are given in brackets in this table.

Post-nominal Institute or society All cardinals Cardinal electors
CJM Congregation of Jesus and Mary (Eudists) 1 0
CM Congregation of the Mission (Vincentians, Lazarists) 2 1
CMF Congregation of Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Claretians) 2 0
CS Congregation of the Missionaries of Saint Charles Borromeo (Scalabrinians) 1 0
CSC Congregation of Holy Cross (Holy Cross Fathers) 1 1
CSSp Congregation of the Holy Spirit (Holy Ghost Fathers, Spiritans) 2 1
CSsR Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer (Redemptorists) 1 1
IMC Institute of Consolata Missionaries 1 1
ISch Institute of Schönstatt Fathers 1 0
ISPX Pius X Secular Institute 1 1
IVD Voluntas Dei Institute 1 1
LC Congregation of the Legionaries of Christ 1 1
MAfr Missionaries of Africa (White Fathers) 1 0
MCCJ Comboni Missionaries of the Heart of Jesus 1 1
MSC Missionaries of the Sacred Heart 1 1
OAR Order of Augustinian Recollects 1 0
OCD Order of Discalced Carmelites 1 1
OCist Order of Cistercians 1 1
OFM Order of Friars Minor (Franciscans) 3 2
OFMCap Order of Friars Minor Capuchin (Capuchins) 5 3
OFMConv Order of Friars Minor Conventual (Conventual Franciscans) 2 2
OMI Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate (Oblates) 1 0
OMM Mariamite Maronite Order (Aleppians) 1 0
OP Order of Preachers (Dominicans) 3 2
OSA Order of Saint Augustine (Augustinians) 1 1
PSDP Poor Servants of Divine Providence 1 0
PSS Society of the Priests of Saint Sulpice (Sulpicians) 1 1
SDB Society of Saint Francis de Sales (Salesians) 11 5
SJ Society of Jesus (Jesuits) 9 5
None Secular clergy 179 96
Total 238 129

Cardinals by continent

For the purposes of this article, countries are grouped into continents generally according to the regions of the United Nations geoscheme; for the region of the Americas, North America comprises the subregions of Northern America, Central America and the Caribbean, while South America comprises the remaining subregion of the same name.[258] Statistics for the global distribution of Catholics are taken from the 2021 edition of the Annuarium Statisticum Ecclesiae (Statistical Yearbook of the Church).[259]

Continent All cardinals Cardinal electors Percentage of global Catholic population (2021)
Number Percentage Number Percentage
Africa 29 12.2% 17 13.2% 19%
North America 36 15.1% 21 16.3% 21%
South America 28 11.8% 14 10.9% 27%
Asia 33 13.9% 22 17.1% 11%
Europe 109 45.8% 52 40.3% 21%
Oceania 3 1.3% 3 2.3% 1%
Total 238 100.0% 129 100.0% 100%

Cardinals by country

At present, 91 countries are represented in the College of Cardinals, including 67 with at least one cardinal elector. The countries with the greatest numbers of cardinals are Italy (forty-eight), the United States (seventeen), and Spain (fourteen). Among the cardinal electors, the countries with the greatest numbers are Italy (fourteen), the United States (eleven), and Spain (eight).

Country Continent All cardinals Cardinal electors
Albania Europe 1 0
Angola Africa 2 0
Argentina South America 7 3
Austria Europe 1 1
Bangladesh Asia 1 0
Belgium Europe 1 1
Bolivia South America 1 0
Bosnia and Herzegovina Europe 1 1
Brazil South America 7 6
Burkina Faso Africa 1 1
Canada North America 4 4
Cape Verde Africa 1 1
Central African Republic Africa 1 1
Chile South America 3 1
Colombia South America 4 1
Cuba North America 1 1
Democratic Republic of the Congo Africa 1 1
Croatia Europe 1 1
Czech Republic Europe 1 0
Dominican Republic North America 1 0
East Timor Asia 1 1
El Salvador North America 1 0
Ethiopia Africa 1 1
France Europe 8 6
Germany Europe 6 3
Ghana Africa 1 1
Guatemala North America 1 1
Guinea Africa 1 1
Haiti North America 1 1
Honduras North America 1 0
Hong Kong (China)[e] Asia 3 1
Hungary Europe 1 1
India Asia 5 5
Indonesia Asia 2 1
Iraq Asia 1 1
Ireland Europe 1 0
Italy Europe 48 14
Ivory Coast Africa 1 1
Japan Asia 1 1
Jerusalem[o] Asia 1 1
Kenya Africa 1 1
South Korea Asia 2 1
Laos Asia 1 1
Latvia Europe 1 0
Lebanon Asia 1 0
Lithuania Europe 2 0
Luxembourg Europe 1 1
Madagascar Africa 1 1
Malaysia Asia 1 1
Mali Africa 1 0
Malta Europe 1 1
Mauritius Africa 1 0
Mexico North America 6 2
Mongolia Asia 1 1
Morocco Africa 1 1
Mozambique Africa 1 0
Myanmar Asia 1 1
Netherlands Europe 1 1
New Zealand Oceania 1 1
Nicaragua North America 1 1
Nigeria Africa 4 1
Pakistan Asia 1 1
Panama North America 1 0
Paraguay South America 1 1
Papua New Guinea Oceania 1 1
Peru South America 2 0
Philippines Asia 4 2
Poland Europe 5 4
Portugal Europe 6 4
Romania Europe 1 0
Rwanda Africa 1 1
Saint Lucia North America 1 0
Senegal Africa 1 0
Singapore Asia 1 1
Slovenia Europe 1 0
South Africa Africa 2 1
South Sudan Africa 1 1
Spain Europe 14 8
Sri Lanka Asia 1 1
Sudan Africa 1 0
Sweden Europe 1 1
Switzerland Europe 2 2
Tanzania Africa 2 2
Thailand Asia 2 1
Tonga Oceania 1 1
Uganda Africa 1 0
United Kingdom Europe 3 2
United States North America 17 11
Uruguay South America 1 1
Venezuela South America 2 1
Vietnam Asia 2 0
Total 238 129

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The dean of the College of Cardinals holds the title of the Suburbicarian Diocese of Ostia ex officio, in addition to his original one when first appointed a cardinal bishop.[1][7][8]
  2. ^ a b c Among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal bishop, the senior cardinal priest, the senior cardinal deacon and the junior cardinal deacon have specific roles in a papal conclave, such as presiding over the conclave itself (the senior cardinal bishop) or announcing the election of the pope (the senior cardinal deacon).[3]
  3. ^ Schonborn was born in Czechoslovakia (in what is now the Czech Republic). He moved to Austria as a child, and has served there for over 50 years.
  4. ^ Pujats was originally created a cardinal in pectore and formally revealed on 21 February 2001.
  5. ^ a b c d Hong Kong is a special administrative region of China.
  6. ^ Brady's territorial jurisdiction as Archbishop of Armagh included a part of the United Kingdom.
  7. ^ Njue was born in 1944,[86] but his precise date of birth is not known. In documenting the age of cardinal electors, the Holy See Press Office uses 31 December 1944 as Njue's birthdate.[87]
  8. ^ Ezzati was born in Italy. He emigrated to Chile, where he was ordained and where he has mostly served, as a young man.
  9. ^ Felix was born in Dominica, part of the ecclesiastical province of Castries, which he led and which has its seat in St Lucia.
  10. ^ Lacunza Maestrojuán was born in Spain. He has served in Panama for over 50 years.
  11. ^ Lopez was born in Spain. He has served in Morocco for 20 years
  12. ^ Dal Corso was born in Italy. He served in Angola for over 30 years.
  13. ^ Aós Braco was born in Spain. He served in Chile for 40 years.
  14. ^ Marengo was born in Italy. He has served in Mongolia for over 20 years.
  15. ^ a b The jurisdiction of the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem, based in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in the Old City of Jerusalem in East Jerusalem, is multi-national, encompassing Cyprus, Jordan, Israel and Palestine. The Holy See, in its statistical report of the College of Cardinals, lists "Jerusalem" as Pizzaballa's country.[206] He was born in Italy. He has served in the Custody of the Holy Land for over 25 years.
  16. ^ Bustillo was born in Spain. He has served in France for 30 years.
  17. ^ Farrell was born in Ireland. He served in the United States for over 30 years.
  18. ^ a b c Granted dispensation not to receive episcopal consecration
  19. ^ Becciu resigned the rights and privileges of a cardinal on 24 September 2020, making him ineligible to participate in a conclave as an elector.[229][230]
  20. ^ Czerny was born in Czechoslovakia (in what is now the Czech Republic). . He moved to Canada as a child, and has served there and in the Roman Curia.
  1. ^ Originally created a cardinal priest; appointed a cardinal bishop on 1 October 2002[14]
  2. ^ Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 19 May 2018 and co-opted as a cardinal bishop on 28 June 2018
  3. ^ Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 29 January 1996 and appointed a cardinal bishop on 25 April 2005
  4. ^ Originally created a cardinal priest; appointed a cardinal bishop on 10 May 2008
  5. ^ Originally created a cardinal deacon; appointed a cardinal bishop on 24 February 2009
  6. ^ a b Originally created a cardinal priest; co-opted as a cardinal bishop on 28 June 2018
  7. ^ Originally created a cardinal deacon; co-opted as a cardinal bishop on 28 June 2018
  8. ^ Originally created a cardinal deacon; appointed a cardinal bishop on 1 May 2020
  9. ^ Originally created a cardinal priest; co-opted as a cardinal bishop on 1 May 2020
  10. ^ Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 29 January 1996
  11. ^ Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 1 March 2008
  12. ^ Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 20 May 2006
  13. ^ Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 21 February 2011
  14. ^ Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 12 June 2014
  15. ^ Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 20 June 2016
  16. ^ a b c d Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 19 May 2018
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 3 May 2021
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h i Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 4 March 2022

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f "The College of Cardinals General Documentazion". Holy See Press Office. 17 February 2014. The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Archived from the original on 20 July 2018. Retrieved 20 January 2018.
  2. ^ Sägmüller, Johannes Baptist (1913). "Cardinal" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  3. ^ a b c d Pope John Paul II (22 February 1996). "Universi Dominici Gregis". The Holy See (Apostolic constitution). Vatican Publishing House. Archived from the original on 22 November 2019. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
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