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((Short description|None))
((more citations needed|date=December 2011))
((Infobox United Nations membership
| nation     = [[Holy See]]
| image_flag = Flag of the Vatican City.svg
| membership = Permanent observer
| since      = ((start date|1964))
| representative_title = [[Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the United Nations|Permanent Observer]]
| representative   = [[Gabriele Giordano Caccia]]
))
((Politics of the Holy See))

The [[Holy See]] is not a member of the [[United Nations]] (not having applied for membership) but was granted ''[[United Nations General Assembly observers#Non-member observers|permanent observer state]]'' (i.e., non-member state) status on 6 April 1964. In that capacity, it has the right to attend all sessions of the [[United Nations General Assembly]], the [[United Nations Security Council]], and the [[United Nations Economic and Social Council]] to observe their work.<ref name="UN site on Permanent Missions">((cite web|title=Non-member States|url=https://www.un.org/en/sections/member-states/non-member-states/index.html|website=www.un.org|publisher=United Nations|access-date=22 March 2017|language=en))</ref> Accordingly, the Holy See has established [[Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the United Nations|permanent observer missions in New York]] and [[Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the United Nations in Geneva|in Geneva]] and has been able to influence the decisions and recommendations of the [[United Nations]].

==History==

===Relationship with the League of Nations===
During a 1919 conference at the [[League of Nations]], a motion was proposed to encourage international cooperation with the Holy See. The motion, encouraged by delegations in Belgium and Switzerland, was adopted by a majority of participants, although it met resistance from the United Kingdom and Italy. Reports indicated that the Holy See regretted its exclusion and wished to be admitted to the League of Nations.

In 1923 however, the Holy See took a different position and stated that its only competency was in matters of elucidation of questions of principle in morality and public international law. In 1924, the Holy See received an invitation from a British delegate to become a member of the League, but this proposition received no official reaction from other Member States.<ref>((cite book|author=Jorri Duursma|title=Fragmentation and the International Relations of Micro-states: Self-determination and Statehood|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CgVDprXjkIYC&pg=PA399|date=31 October 1996|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-56360-4|page=399))</ref>

When it became clear that the ongoing territorial dispute with Italy (resolved with 1929's [[Lateran Treaty]]) precluded it from joining the League, the Vatican supported the activities of ''l'Union Catholique d'Etudes Internationales'', a lobby group whose members mainly comprised Catholic activists employed as League officials. Prominent members included [[Gonzague de Reynold]] and [[Oskar Halecki]], while the League's first and second Secretaries-General, [[Eric Drummond]] and [[Joseph Avenol]], were sympathetic to the organization's aims. The group had particular success in promoting the Holy See's vision of international affairs within the [[International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation]], forerunner to UNESCO.<ref>((Cite journal | last = Shine| first = Cormac| title = Papal Diplomacy by Proxy? Catholic Internationalism at the League of Nations International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation | journal = The Journal of Ecclesiastical History | date = 2018 | doi = 10.1017/S0022046917002731| url = https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-ecclesiastical-history/article/papal-diplomacy-by-proxy-catholic-internationalism-at-the-league-of-nations-international-committee-on-intellectual-cooperation-19221939/077AF527A5AF6EFA8C56DF1560450122))</ref>

===Non-participation between 1944 and 1964===
In 1944, the Holy See made tentative inquiries about the possibility of becoming a [[Member states of the United Nations|UN Member]]. [[United States Secretary of State|US Secretary of State]] [[Cordell Hull]] replied that: 
((blockquote|sign=|source=|It would seem undesirable that the question of the membership of the Vatican State be raised now. As a diminutive state the Vatican would not be capable of fulfilling all the responsibilities of membership in an organization whose primary purpose is the maintenance of international peace and security.&nbsp;... Membership in the organization would not seem to be consonant with the provisions of Article 24 of the [[Lateran Treaty]], particularly as regards spiritual status and participation in the possible use of force. Non-membership would not preclude the participation of the Vatican State in social and humanitarian activities of the organization nor impair its traditional role in the promotion of peace by its usual influence.<ref>Quoted in: [[James Crawford (jurist)|James Crawford]], ''The Creation of States in International Law'' (1979) p. 156.</ref>))
Secretary Hull did not [[Holy See#Relationship with the Vatican City and other territories|distinguish]] between the Holy See and the [[Vatican City State]]; and second, at the time membership in the United Nations was still limited to the [[Allies of World War II]]. Neither the Holy See nor the Vatican City State chose to apply for UN membership at that time.

===Permanent observer since 1964===
[[File:Seal of the Permanent Observer Mission of the Holy See to the United Nations.svg|thumb|Seal of the Permanent Observer Mission of the Holy See to the United Nations.]]
Since 6 April 1964, the Holy See has been a ''[[United Nations General Assembly observers#Non-member observers|permanent observer state]]'' at the [[United Nations]]. In that capacity, the Holy See has since had a standing invitation to attend all the sessions of the [[United Nations General Assembly|General Assembly]], the [[United Nations Security Council]], and the [[United Nations Economic and Social Council]] to observe their work, and to maintain a permanent observer mission at the UN headquarters in New York.<ref name="UN site on Permanent Missions"/> Accordingly, the Holy See has established a [[Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the United Nations|Permanent Observer Mission in New York]] and has sent representatives to all open meetings of the General Assembly and of its [[United Nations General Assembly#Main committees|Main Committees]].

As a matter of diplomatic courtesy, since 1964, the Holy See was also allowed to make formal policy statements in the General Assembly, both during the General Debates and during the discussion of the various separate issues contained in the agenda of the General Assembly.<ref>For statements by the Holy See Mission made after 2003: ((cite web|author1=The Permanent Observer Mission of the Holy See to the United Nations|title=Statements of the Holy See Mission|url=https://holyseemission.org/contents/statements/index.php|website=holyseemission.org|access-date=22 March 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031009060346/http://www.holyseemission.org/interventions.html|archive-date=9 October 2003)) Statements from 1987 to 2003 can be found at</ref> Notably, popes [[Paul VI]],<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/paul_vi/speeches/1965/documents/hf_p-vi_spe_19651004_united-nations_it.html |title=Visita alle Nazioni Unite: Discorso all'Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite (4 ottobre 1965) &#124; Paolo VI |website=Vatican.va |date=1965-10-06 |access-date=2016-10-22))</ref> [[John Paul II]],<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/speeches/1979/october/documents/hf_jp-ii_spe_19791002_general-assembly-onu_en.html |title=Address of John Paul II to the UN General Assembly, 2 Oct 1979|website=Vatican.va |date=2 October 1979 |access-date=2016-10-22))</ref><ref>((cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/speeches/1995/october/documents/hf_jp-ii_spe_05101995_address-to-uno_en.html |title=Address of John Paul II to the UN General Assembly, 5 Oct 1995 |website=Vatican.va |date=5 October 1995 |access-date=2016-10-22))</ref> [[Benedict XVI]],<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/speeches/2008/april/documents/hf_ben-xvi_spe_20080418_un-visit_en.html |title=Address of Benedict XVI to the General Assembly, 18 Apr 2008 |website=Vatican.va |date=18 Apr 2008 |access-date=2016-10-22))</ref> and [[Pope Francis|Francis]]<ref>((Cite news|url=http://www.popefrancisvisit.com/schedule/address-to-united-nations-general-assembly/|title=Address to United Nations General Assembly - Pope Francis Visit 2015|work=Pope Francis Visit 2015|access-date=2017-07-15|language=en-US))</ref> were invited to address the General Assembly.

In addition, the Holy See was invited to observe all open meetings of the intergovernmental [[United Nations General Assembly#Subsidiary organs|subsidiary bodies]] of the General Assembly. The Holy See was frequently allowed to participate in the private negotiations leading to the adoption of the General Assembly's decisions and resolutions. The Holy See was not allowed, however, to co-sponsor draft decisions or resolutions, to make points of order, or to exercise the right of reply. If the Holy See wished to circulate written proposals or position papers, it required the assistance of a member state that was willing to present those proposals or papers as its own.

The Holy See took advantage of the prerogatives of its observer status to incorporate its [[Christian values]] within the decisions and recommendations of the United Nations. Notable was a successful effort, in cooperation with like-minded countries, to ensure the adoption of a United Nations Declaration banning all forms of Human Cloning,<ref>((cite web|title=Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 8 March 2005 – United Nations Declaration on Human Cloning|url=https://undocs.org/A/RES/59/280 |id=A/RES/59/280 |website=undocs.org|publisher=United Nations|access-date=22 March 2017|language=en|date=8 March 2005))</ref><ref>((cite web |url=http://www.holyseemission.org/cloning2003eng.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201195347/http://www.holyseemission.org/cloning2003eng.html |archive-date=1 December 2008 |title=The Views of the Holy See on Human Embryonic Cloning |date=July 17, 2003 ))</ref><ref>((cite web |url=https://holyseemission.org/contents//statements/55e34d3555b0b0.21713357.php |author=Holy See Mission |date=30 September 2003 |access-date=22 March 2017 |title=Statement by H.E. Archbishop Celestino Migliore Apostolic Nuncio, Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the U.N. on Agenda Item 158: International Convention against the Reproductive Cloning of Human Beings New York, 30 September 2003 ))</ref><ref>((cite web|title=Statement by H.E. Archbishop Celestino Migliore, Apostolic Nuncio Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the United Nations Before the Sixth Committee, on item 150: International convention Against the reproductive cloning of human beings New York, 21 October 2004|url=https://holyseemission.org/contents//statements/55e34d352bba62.91065966.php |author=Holy See Mission |website=holyseemission.org|access-date=22 March 2017|date=21 October 2004 ))</ref><ref>((cite web|url=http://legal.un.org/committees/cloning/ |title=Ad Hoc Committee on an International Convention against the Reproductive Cloning of Human Beings |website=legal.un.org |access-date=22 March 2017))</ref> and it opposed the adoption of a [[Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity at the United Nations|resolution on sexual orientation and gender identity]] proposed by the European Union in the General Assembly; a similar UNHRC-specific resolution on LGBT rights proposed by the Republic of South Africa was successfully passed in the United Nations Human Rights Council.<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/secretariat_state/2008/documents/rc_seg-st_20081218_statement-sexual-orientation_en.html |title=Statement of the Holy See at the 63rd UN General Assembly on the Declaration on human rights, sexual orientation and gender identity |website=Vatican.va |date=18 December 2008 |access-date=2016-10-22))</ref>

====Opposition to status====
From 1999, the [[non-governmental organization]] [[Catholics for Choice]] lobbied against the participation of the Holy See in the United Nations. Supporters of this campaign argued that the Holy See is a religious organization and not a state, and that, therefore, it should not have the right to participate, in a position analogous to that of states, in the intergovernmental decision-making process on social, cultural, and economic matters. They also cited the lack of equal status for other religions and the Vatican representatives' history of pushing Catholic views on reproductive health.<ref>((cite news |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |title=At U.N., Activists Vie With Vatican Over Abortion |first=Paul |last=Lewis |date=April 4, 1999 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/04/04/world/at-the-un-activists-vie-with-vatican-over-abortion.html|access-date=2016-10-23))</ref>

====Confirmed status in 2004====
In 2004, the UN General Assembly confirmed the Holy See's status as a Permanent Observer. Currently, the Holy See has the right to participate in the general debate of the General Assembly and to intervene in the discussion of any issue inscribed in the agenda of that assembly. It has the right to participate in all meetings open to all Member States, the right to make points of order and to exercise the right of reply, the right to circulate proposals and position papers as official documents, and the right to co-sponsor draft resolutions and decisions. Commenting on its status, Archbishop [[Celestino Migliore]], the then Holy See Permanent Observer to the United Nations, said "We have no vote because this is our choice." He added that the Holy See considers that its current status "is a fundamental step that does not close any path for the future. The Holy See has the requirements defined by the UN statute to be a member state and, if in the future it wished to be so, this resolution would not impede it from requesting it."<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.c-fam.org/fridayfax/volume-7/vaticans-role-at-un-unanimously-endorsed-by-general-assembly.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330160103/http://www.c-fam.org/fridayfax/volume-7/vaticans-role-at-un-unanimously-endorsed-by-general-assembly.html |archive-date=30 March 2012 |date=9 July 2004 |title=Vatican's Role at UN Unanimously Endorsed by General Assembly |website=c-fam.org ))</ref>

==Across the United Nations System==

===At the United Nations Economic and Social Council===
The Holy See is also an observer to the [[United Nations Economic and Social Council]] (ECOSOC), attending all of its meetings and able to make proposals and policy statements regarding all issues that are of concern.<ref>((cite web|title=Rules of Procedure of the Economic and Social Council|url=https://undocs.org/E/5715/Rev.2 |id=E/5715/Rev.2 |website=undocs.org|publisher=United Nations|access-date=22 March 2017|language=en))</ref> Since 22 July 1977, the Holy See has had a standing invitation to attend the sessions of [[United Nations Economic and Social Council#Regional commissions|ECOSOC's regional commissions]] on an equal footing with those State Members of the United Nations who are not members of those regional commissions.<ref>((cite web |url=https://undocs.org/E/6020 |id=E/6020 |title=Invitation to the Holy See to attend sessions of the regional commissions |at=Decision 244 (LXIII) |website=undocs.org |date=22 July 1977 |access-date=22 March 2017 |quote=At it's 2078th meeting, on 22 July 1977, the Council decided to recommend the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, the Economic Commission for Latin America, the Economic Commission for Africa and the Economic Commission for Western Asia to invite the Holy See to attend sessions of these commissions on a basis similar to that provided for in the relevant terms of reference applicable to States Members of the United Nations not members of the commissions. ))</ref> In addition, the Holy See enjoys full membership in some [[United Nations Economic and Social Council#Specialized agencies|specialized agencies]] of the United Nations dependent on ECOSOC such as [[World Intellectual Property Organization|WIPO]], [[International Telecommunication Union|ITU]], and [[Universal Postal Union|UPU]]. In order to follow the work of those ECOSOC subsidiary bodies and agencies that meet regularly in Geneva, the Holy See has established a [[Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the United Nations in Geneva|Permanent Observer Mission in Geneva]].

===At the United Nations Security Council===
Having observer status at the United Nations, the Holy See is also able to observe all open meetings of the [[United Nations Security Council]]. Occasionally, the Holy See has asked and been allowed to make statements in public meetings of the Security Council. The Permanent Observer spoke against war in [[Iraq]] shortly before [[Iraq War|the invasion]],<ref>((cite web|author1=Holy See Mission|title=Statement by Archbishop Celestino Migliore Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the United Nations at the Meeting of the Security Council under Agenda Item: The Situation between Iraq and Kuwait|url=https://holyseemission.org/contents/statements/55e34d353ecd46.81729814.php|website=holyseemission.org|access-date=22 March 2017|location=New York|date=19 February 2003|quote=On the issue of Iraq, the vast majority of the international community is calling for a diplomatic resolution of the dispute and for exploring all avenues for a peaceful settlement. That call should not be ignored. ))</ref> on the regulation of armaments,<ref>((cite web|author1=Holy See Mission|title=Statement by H.E. Archbishop Celestino Migliore Apostolic Nuncio, Permanent Observer of the Holy See, United Nations Security Council Open debate in connection with agenda item: "Maintenance of international peace and security: Strengthening collective security through general regulation and reduction of armaments" |url=https://holyseemission.org/contents/statements/55e34d334a3e20.06708796.php|website=holyseemission.org|location=New York|date=19 November 2008))</ref> and on the protection of civilians during armed conflicts.<ref>((cite web|author1=Holy See Mission|title=Statement by H.E. Archbishop Celestino Migliore, Apostolic Nuncio, Permanent Observer of the Holy See, before the United Nations Security Council, during the open debate on protection of civilians in armed conflicts|url=https://holyseemission.org/contents/statements/55e34d348ee8d8.90950525.php |website=holyseemission.org|location=New York|date=14 January 2009))</ref> On some occasions, the Holy See has submitted documents to the Security Council, such as the 29 April 2003 statement of Patriarchs and Bishops of Iraq on religious freedom.<ref>((cite web |url=https://undocs.org/S/2003/524 |id=S/2003/524 |title=Letter dated 2 May 2003 from the Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council |website=undocs.org |date=5 May 2003 |access-date=22 March 2017))</ref>

Meanwhile, the Holy See does not recognize [[China|People's Republic of China]], a permanent member of the UNSC, as a legitimate state.

===At the world conferences on social and economic issues===
The Holy See has also been an active participant in the World Conferences on social and economic issues convened by the United Nations.<ref>((cite web|url=https://undocs.org/A/RES/58/314 |title=General Assembly Resolution 58/314 |website=undocs.org |date=1 July 2003 |access-date=22 March 2017)) Paragraph 1 extends to the Holy See the same procedural rights that it enjoys in the UN General Assembly to all UN Conferences.</ref> It had a major impact on the negotiations and outcome of the [[International Conference on Population and Development|1994 Cairo Population Conference]],<ref>see: [https://www.un.org/popin/icpd2.htm United Nations Population Network]; in particular: [https://www.un.org/popin/icpd/conference/gov/940908193315.html Holy See opening statement at the Cairo Conference, 7 Set 1994] See also [http://www.firstthings.com/article/2008/08/002-what-really-happened-at-cairo-11 George Weigel, What Really Happened at Cairo, First Things, February 1995] ((webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610010456/http://www.firstthings.com/article/2008/08/002-what-really-happened-at-cairo-11 |date=2011-06-10 ))</ref> the [[Fourth World Conference on Women|1995 Beijing Conference on Women]],<ref>See: [https://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/beijing/fwcwn.html United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women]; in particular: [https://www.un.org/esa/gopher-data/conf/fwcw/conf/gov/950905214652.txt Opening statement of the Holy See at the Beijing Conference, 5 Set 1995] and [http://www.its.caltech.edu/~nmcenter/women-cp/beijing3.html Concluding statement of the Holy See at the Beijing Conference, 15 Set 1995]. See also [http://www.leaderu.com/ftissues/ft9601/articles/glendon.html Mary Ann Glendon, What Happened at Beijing, 1996 First Things 59 (January 1996) pp. 30-36].</ref> and the 2001 General Assembly Special Session on HIV/AIDS.<ref>See: [https://www.un.org/ga/aids/statements/docs/holyseeE.html Holy See Opening Statement at the 2001 General Assembly Special Session on AIDS] and [https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2001/ga9888.doc.htm Summary of the Statement of the Holy See at the conclusion of the 2001 General Assembly Special Session on AIDS]</ref>

==Multilateral treaties==

===Negotiation of multilateral treaties===
Since the Holy See is legally capable of [[Treaty ratification|ratifying international treaties]], and does ratify them, it is invited to participate – on equal footing with States – in the negotiation of most universal, [[International law]]-making [[treaty|treaties]] held under the auspices of the United Nations.<ref>The invitation to participate in the negotiation of the treaties commonly takes the form of an ''all-states formula'', that includes not only the Member States of the UN but also the members of its specialized agencies and the [[International Atomic Energy Agency]].  See, for example, the decision to launch negotiations in 1997 [[International conventions on terrorism#1997 International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings (Terrorist Bombing Convention)|Terrorist Bombing Convention]]: [http://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N97/761/65/PDF/N9776165.pdf?OpenElement UNGA Res 51-210, para. 9]</ref> Being a ''negotiating party'', it is able to make substantive proposals, reject the proposals of other negotiating parties, request a vote, and even vote. The Holy See has participated actively in the negotiation of the 1998 [[Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court]], the 1997 [[International conventions on terrorism#1997 International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings (Terrorist Bombing Convention)|Terrorist Bombing Convention]], and the 2006 [[Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities]], among others.

===Participation in multilateral treaties===
The Holy See is a state-party to numerous multilateral treaties:<ref>For Treaties deposited with the United Nations Secretary-General, consult the database: ((cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/pages/Content.aspx?path=DB/MTDSGStatus/pageIntro_en.xml |title=Multilateral Treaties Deposited with the Secretary-General |website=treaties.un.org |access-date=22 March 2017))</ref><ref>((cite web|url=http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/Pays?ReadForm&c=VA |title=Treaties, States parties, and Commentaries - Holy See |website=Icrc.org |access-date=2016-10-22))</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! Treaty
! Date of signature
!Date of [[ratification]],  [[Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties|accession]] or acceptance
|- valign="top"
|1864 [[First Geneva Convention|Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field]]  ||  || 9 May 1868
|- valign="top"
| 1883 [[Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property]] ||  ||  21 Jul 1960
|- valign="top"
| 1886 [[Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works]] ||  ||  19 Jul 1935 
|- valign="top"
|1925 [[Hague Conventions (1899 and 1907)#Geneva Protocol to Hague Convention|Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare]]||  || 18 Oct 1966 
|- valign="top"
|1936 [[International Convention concerning the Use of Broadcasting in the Cause of Peace]] ||  || 5 Jan 1967 
|- valign="top"
|1949 [[First Geneva Convention]] for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field || 08 Dec 1949 || 22 Feb 1951 
|- valign="top"
|1949 [[Second Geneva Convention]] for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick, and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea || 08 Dec 1949 || 22 Feb 1951 
|- valign="top"
|1949 [[Third Geneva Convention]] relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War || 08 Dec 1949 || 22 Feb 1951 
|- valign="top"
|1949 [[Fourth Geneva Convention]] relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War || 08 Dec 1949 || 22 Feb 1951 
|- valign="top"
|1949 Protocol on Road Signs and Signals||  || 1 Oct 1956
|- valign="top"
|1954 [[Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict]] ||  || 24 Feb 1958
|- valign="top"
|1954 Protocol for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict ||  || 24 Feb 1958
|- valign="top"
| 1955 Agreement on Signs for Road Works, amending the European Agreement of 16 September 1950 supplementing the 1949 Convention on Road Traffic and the 1949 Protocol on Road Signs and Signals   ||  || 1 Oct 1956 
|- valign="top"
| 1956 [[Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees]] || 21 May 1952  || 15 Mar 1956
|- valign="top"
| 1951 [[Convention on the Recovery Abroad of Maintenance]]|| 20 Jun 1956  || 5 Oct 1964
|- valign="top"
| 1958 [[Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards]] ||  || 14 May 1975
|- valign="top"
| 1961 [[Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs]], as amended by the 1975 Protocol amending the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs||  || 7 Jan 1976
|- valign="top"
|1963 [[Vienna Convention on Consular Relations]] ||  24 Apr 1963 || 8 Oct 1970
|- valign="top"
| 1966 International  [[Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination]] || 21 Nov 1966 || 1 May 1969
|- valign="top"
| 1967 [[Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees]] ||  || 8 Jun 1967 
|- valign="top"
|1967 [[Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization]] || 14 Jul 14 1967 || 20 Jan 1975 
|- valign="top"
|1968 [[Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty]]<ref>When the Holy See announced its decision to adhere to the [[Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty]], it declared that it was doing it in order to "give its moral support to the principles that form the base of the treaty itself."</ref> ||  || 25 Feb 1971
|- valign="top"
| 1969 [[Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties]]|| 30 Sep 1969  || 25 Feb 1977 
|- valign="top"
| 1971 [[Convention on Psychotropic Substances]] ||21 Feb 1971 || 7 Jan 1976
|- valign="top"
| 1971 [[Convention for the Protection of Producers of Phonograms Against Unauthorized Duplication of Their Phonograms]] || 29 Oct 1971  || 4 Apr 1977
|- valign="top"
| 1972 [[Protocol Amending the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs]] ||25 Mar 1972|| 7 Jan 1976
|- valign="top"
|1972 Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction ([[Biological Weapons Convention]])||  || 04 Jan 2002 
|- valign="top"
| 1972 [[Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage]] ||  ||  07 Oct 1982
|- valign="top"
| 1976 [[Protocol to the Agreement on the Importation of Educational, Scientific and Cultural Materials]] of 22 November 1950|| || 22 Feb 1980
|- valign="top"
|1977 [[Protocol I]] relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts<ref>When ratifying the 1977 Protocols, the Holy See declared: ((blockquote|its strong conviction as to the fundamentally inhumane nature of war. The humanization of the effects of armed conflicts, such as that undertaken by the two Protocols, is received with favor and encouraged by the Holy See in so far as it aims to alleviate human suffering and strives, amid unbridled passions and evil forces, to safeguard the basic principles of humanity and the supreme benefits of civilization. The Holy See expresses, moreover, its firm belief that the ultimate goal, that which is worthy of the calling of man and of human civilization, is the abolition of war. One cannot help thinking that the measures embodied in the Geneva Conventions and more recently by the two Additional Protocols—measures which are already in themselves frail instruments for the protection of victims of conventional armed conflicts—would prove to be not only insufficient but totally inadequate in the face of the ruinous devastation of a nuclear war. ([http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/NORM/B86E448D2E85219BC1256402003FB410?OpenDocument Holy See's 21 Nov 1985 declaration at the Ratification of Optional Protocols I and II])))</ref> || 12 Dec 1977 || 21 Nov 1985 
|- valign="top"  
|1977 [[Protocol II]] relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts || 12 Dec 1977 || 21 Nov 1985
|- valign="top"
|1980 Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May be Deemed to be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects ([[Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons]])||  || 22 Jul 1997 
|- valign="top"
|1980 [[Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons#Protocol I: Non-Detectable Fragments|Protocol I to the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons on Non-Detectable Fragments]] ||  || 22 Jul 1997
|- valign="top"
|1980 [[Protocol on Mines, Booby-Traps and Other Devices|Protocol II to the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby-Traps and Other Devices]] ||  || 22 Jul 1997
|- valign="top"
| 1980 [[Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons#Protocol III: Incendiary Weapons|Protocol III to the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Incendiary Weapons]]  ||  || 22 Jul 1997
|- valign="top" 
| 1989 United Nations [[Convention on the Rights of the Child]]||20 Apr 1990||20 Apr 1990
|- valign="top"
| 1990 Amendment to the [[Montreal Protocol]] on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer ||  || 5 May 2008 
|- valign="top"
|1992 [[Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction]] || 14 Jan 1993  || 12 May 1999
|- valign="top"
| 1992 Amendment to the [[Montreal Protocol]] on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer ||  || 5 May 2008 
|- valign="top"
|1992 Amendment to article 8 of the International  [[Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination]] ||  ||14 Mar 2002
|- valign="top"
|1993 Convention on the prohibition of the development, production, stockpiling, and use of chemical weapons and on their destruction ([[Chemical Weapons Convention]]) || 14 Jan 1993 || 12 May 1999 
|- valign="top"
|1993 Amendments to the [[Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons#Protocol II: Mines, Booby Traps and Other Devices|1980 Protocol on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby-Traps and Other Devices to the 1980 Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons]]||  || 22 Jul 1997
|- valign="top"
|1995 Amendment to article 43 (2) of the [[Convention on the Rights of the Child]]  ||   ||15 Aug 1996
|- valign="top"
| 1995 [[Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons#Protocol IV: Blinding Laser Weapons|Protocol IV on Blinding Laser Weapons to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons which may be deemed to be Excessively Injurious or to have Indiscriminate Effects]] ||  || 22 Jul 1997 
|- valign="top"
|1995 [[Grains Trade Convention]] ||   20 Jun 1995 ||28 Jun 1995 
|- valign="top"
| 1996 [[Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty]] || 24 Sep 1996  || 18 Jul 2001
|- valign="top"
|1997 [[Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction]] || 4 Dec  1997 || 17 Feb 1998
|- valign="top"
| 2000 [[Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict]] ||10 Oct 2000||24 Oct 2001
|- valign="top"
| 2000 [[Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography]]||10 Oct 2000||24 Oct 2001
|- valign="top"
| 2003 [[Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons#Protocol V: Explosive Remnants of War|Protocol to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons which may be deemed to be Excessively Injurious or to have Indiscriminate Effects on Explosive Remnants of War]] || || 13 Dec 2005 
|- valign="top"
| 2008 [[Convention on Cluster Munitions]] || 3 Dec 2008 || 3 Dec 2008
|- valign="top"
| 2017 [[Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons]]<ref>((cite speech |author=Bernardito Auza |author-link=Bernardito Auza |title=Statement of H.E. Archbishop Bernardito Auza |event=General Debate of the First Committee of the United Nations General Assembly |date=October 10, 2017 |location=New York |url=http://statements.unmeetings.org/media2/16153235/holy-see.pdf |format=PDF |access-date=November 16, 2017))</ref> ||20 Sep 2017 || 20 Sep 2017
|}

==See also==
((Portal|Vatican City|Politics))
*[[Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the United Nations]]
*[[Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the United Nations in Geneva]]
*[[:Category:Permanent Observers of the Holy See to UNEP and UN-HABITAT]]
*[[Multilateral foreign policy of the Holy See]]
*[[Foreign relations of the Holy See]]
*[[Legal status of the Holy See]]
*[[United Nations General Assembly observers]]

==References==
((Reflist|30em))

((Foreign relations of the Holy See))
((Holy See))
((United Nations))
((United Nations' relations with its Member States))

((DEFAULTSORT:Activities Of The Holy See Within The United Nations System))
[[Category:Holy See and the United Nations| ]]

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