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From "Sewage treatment in developing countries" (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewage_treatment#Sewage_treatment_in_developing_countries):
"Developing countries as diverse as Egypt, Algeria, China or Colombia have invested substantial sums in wastewater treatment without achieving a significant impact in terms of environmental improvement. Even if wastewater treatment plants are not properly operated, it can be argued that the environmental impact is limited in cases where the assimilative capacity of the receiving waters (ocean with strong currents or large rivers) is high, as it is often the case."
This paragraph is highly questionable and I am going to remove those lines until somebody finds a reliable source to proof this statement. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 141.65.4.56 (talk) 13:03, 16 March 2010 (UTC)
I've noticed that the sequence in which each part of the sewage works process is in a specific sequence, as if it were saying "this is the order in which the seperate processes occur", but this is in fact incorrect as each plant arranges their process in a slightly different way, with slightly different methods employed at each stage. There are so many different ways of arranging plants, each with their own benefits and reasons, that it seems incomplete without at least mentioning this and going into some detail on it.
I propose that, rather than going through the process step by step (which is going to be incorrect the second you start looking at a different plant, as the author seems to've taken his information from one specific plant in Wales), processes used on most sites should be described individually, each with a little footnote on what part of the whole treatment process it's usually used in, to give the reader a general overall understanding of the methods employed and the common application of those methods.
At the end of the article, with the reader now fully knowledgeable of what components can make up a sewage treatment plant, there can be an expansion on the structuring and arrangement of components of a sewage works, and their relative merits. There seems to be a lot of potential knowledge to be shared on what factors into decisions on how sewage works are structured. If this is not possible, then at least a few of the most common arrangements, and then a description of the variables that determine what methods are used where would be desireable. There are so few constants in the world of sewage treatment, that it would be impossible to structure one article around a "typical" sewage works, because such a sewage works does not exist.--Badharlick 17:10, 10 April 2006 (UTC)
Since I appear to be the contributor from Wales,I can confirm that this is not experience from Wales but across the world including the USA, New Zealand, Australia and several countries in Europe (France, Spain, Italy, Greece etc.) including a great deal of work around London including the two big works serving London. Wherever you go, the principles are the same, settle the solids out, treat the resulting liquor, settle out the biological solids and get rid of the water to the environment and the solids somewhere else. You can join these processes up in all sorts of novel and interesting ways but the principles usually stay much the same. Velela 21:27, 10 April 2006 (UTC)
I added little bit on historical section, but it is far from being enough.
Revth 09:55, 23 Sep 2004 (UTC)
Its only been relatively recently that sewage has actually been treated rather than just removed and dumped in the nearest river...sewers already has quite abit about the collection of sewerage, and would seem to me to be the best place for long histories on sewer systems etc. Iain 10:44, 23 Sep 2004 (UTC)
This still seems confusing with sewerage (the pipes and pumps etc.) and sewage treatment mixed in one article. It looks as though we should separate out the sewerage bit ( and this would include most if not all the history) into sewers as Iain suggests. It would also be cleaner if the administrative and regulatory aspects could also live elsewhere. I hope that the current version is closer to what Bantman had in mind ?
Velela 12:24, 26 Nov 2004 (UTC)
I think this article needs cleanup, more interWiki links, and a native English speaker should proof read it. 213.51.209.230 18:48, 26 Nov 2004 (UTC)
Which wealthy countries release untreated sewage to surface water? Burschik 10:00, 23 Sep 2004 (UTC)
In the urban UK, excess sewage can be released to surface waters during storm events. There are certainly plenty of examples of poorly teated sewage visibly imapcting upon the reciving environment in wealthy countries. If visible signs are present (anoxic zones, presence of Sphaerotilus spp ("Sewage fungus") , absence of clean water indicator species and large numbers of facultative anaerobic species) it certain that there is unseen damage extending over wider areas. I have seen such conditions at locations in Western Australia, Queensland, , Greece, France and Spain and I am certain that most developed countries have their own examples. Velela 20:36, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)
Primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment all have time-tested definitions in the United States. I'm not an expert on this specific topic per se but do work in the industry, and would like to see the definitions conform more to current standards and practices. I can work on this if nobody else is willing to, but like I said, I don't run a treatment plant or anything....
I have provided some updates to treament methods but it is still North American flavoured. Much remains to be done and I an unhappy about some of the statements about the lack of environmental impacts for sewage discaring into high dilution systems. All the evidence demoinstrates that the impacts can be severe.
Velela 18:34, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)
Let's do this -- there should be a section describing standard treatment protocols in developed countries, a subsection pointing out international differences (say, between US, UK, europe, australian treatment methods), and another section entirely dealing with the environmental impact of variously treated (or untreated) wastewater. Bantman 18:48, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)
I'm working on an article about constructed wetlands; one primary use for them is wastewater and sewage treatment. I've linked back here, but I'm not sure how much detail I should go into on how they function as wastewater treatment systems. At the moment, I'm working on a description of their design for different purposes and plan to provide examples. Any suggestions? Deirdre 00:52, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
There is certainly a need for a reference here but I would suggest putting most of the detail in your existing constructed wetland topic. In the UK such wetlands include engineered reed-beds which are also widely used to treat agricultural waste and to help mitigate the effects of diffuse agricultural pollutionm, mine leachatres and highway run-off. Velela 16:07, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
Right-o. Will do.Deirdre 22:17, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
Is 'Sewerage' not a more appropriate title for any article on sewers, pumps, etc? In my experience, the word 'sewers' refers exclusively to pipes, and not the other components of sewerage such as pumping stations. Sewer could then be used to refer to sewage pipe history/technology/usage which is a significant field in its own right, while sewerage could describe or link to sewage pumps, pumping stations, and network design. I would be happy to contribute.
I agree that in British usage, sewerage refers to and includes all that infrastructure used to convey sewage from its origin to the point of disposal and therefore includes pipes, valves, pumps, screens etc. I would be happy to see this separated out and included in a linked articlee provided that there is a similar usage in other English speaking countries. Does the word 'sewerage' have the same meaning in the USA and Canada ? I believe that it does in Australia and NZ. Velela 14:23, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
Unfortunately my personal experience is limited to the UK and Aus. Doing a quick google search seems to indicate that the term 'sewer system' is used in the US alongside 'sewerage' which might account for the confusion. The american Columbia Encyclopedia seem to concur with the UK/Aus definition. cphi, 20 Dec.
The general structure of the topic within Wikipedia needs clarifying; my moving the bulk of the technical details of conventional wastewater treatment to its own article was intended as a start. I suggest
Comments? Rd232 14:38, 1 Jan 2005 (UTC)
I agree that this article needs to be divided into a number of separate topics and, as I noted before, I would certainly like to see the Sewerage part separated off as a priority. My problem was in finding a title that reflected widespread usage across the English speaking world - Sewerage seesm to be a UK relevant term not widely understood in USA. Maybe we just need to put a redirect in to manage this.
I also agree that the admin/ regulatory parts needs its own article but, to reflect a wide spectrum of practices throughout the world, perhaps this shoud be Sewage treatment industry or something similar which is very similar to your Sewerage industry but perhaps better understood in USA.
My main worry was that the tile Sewage Treatment should be an article about how sewage is treated - i.e. conventional wastewater treament methods - with the history, administration etc in their own separate articles. So although that I agree with most of what you propose, it was the very part that I would have wished to retain that was separated out first - hence my angst! Velela 09:51, 2 Jan 2005 (UTC)
Velela 17:58, 5 Jan 2005 (UTC)
Well, perhaps the most correct title would be wastewater sector, though I would consider "industry" loosely a synonym for "sector" here. Either one would certainly include non-commercial WWT and conveyancing, and the widely differing forms in different countries, range of technologies etc - a real umbrella term... As you say, sewage is a subset of wastewater; and I strongly feel that there needs to be a single place to house an overview of the whole wastewater topic. We need something that straddles both WWT and sewer systems. Sewage treatment isn't the place, and we've established Sewerage isn't well-known enough (despite that currently being the Category); can we settle on wastewater sector? Or do you have an alternative suggestion? Some might suggest sanitation but I don't like that at all - it just feels too general. ...Anyway, I would point out that we can always change the name later. Rd232 07:23, 17 Jan 2005 (UTC)
Is there a nice way to clean up the "Lagooning", "Pressing", etc list? It doesn't read well, but since I can't even figure out if they're supposed to be subsections or separate sections, don't want to mess with it... --Bushytails 04:44, 24 Jan 2005 (UTC)
I have simplified the sludge treament and disposal sections to make tidier. However, the whole article still needs a major make-over see comments from Rd232 and others above. I will try and get round to this but it needs a clear head and some careful copy editing. Velela 13:52, 24 Jan 2005 (UTC)
The article includes lists of "Possible Equipment" that I do not recognize. I have been a water professional for over 30 years and do try to keep up. I suspect that there may be brand names mixed in. I feel that an encyclopedia article should not include these in the main treatment article, although notable companies could have references and articles. For example, "belt press" and "vacuum filter" are types of dewatering equipment, but including Andritz or Roediger would be inappropriate since those are manufacturers. -- WCFrancis 17:39, 8 September 2005 (UTC)
I have reverted a new reference to the use of Alum coagulants in sedimentation. I am not aware of this practice, which sounds very expensive, especially as most sewage settles adequately without chemical assistance. If Alum is widely used, a reference would be useful and some idea of where in the world this is practiced (and also perhaps why ?). Velela 12:54, 3 January 2006 (UTC)
The following was deleted by User:206.128.209.28 on April 8th - not clear as to why:
posted: Paleorthid 16:15, 9 April 2006 (UTC)
I removed the "advertisement" notice. The content seems neutral enough to me. The mere fact that some sections will have more detail than others -- an unavoidable consequence of Wikipedia's method -- may result in some portions seeming laudatory or hortatory. Anyone who has knowledge of different treatment techniques that may be better, or who knows of drawbacks to the methods written of, is welcome to post such additional material.216.179.3.153 18:54, 24 July 2007 (UTC)
The following was deleted by User:206.128.209.28 on April 8th - not clear as to why:
Posted: Paleorthid 16:15, 9 April 2006 (UTC)
I don't know if you know this, but treated sewage can be used as fertilizer. You all should look into it. It's a new form of making agriculture more productive.
In addition to correct a mistake in the definition of "mesophilic" and "thermophilic", I deleted the reference to large tanks were sludge is supposed to be left for weeks in anaerobic conditions. I don't really understand what the original writer is talking about, as non-heated closed anaerobic digesters would have a huge, anti-economic, size and would only be possible were incoming sewage temperature would be high enough to allow this. Kekel 11:41, 29 June 2006 (UTC)
Wanna change the term "fermented" in the article. It is unapropriate, as fermentation product is alcohol. Thought about "hydrolysed", but it's not much better. Kekel 16:15, 9 July 2006 (UTC)
To try and make this article a more manageable size, I have created a new article as a home for the sludge treatment and disposal topics. I have retained a precis here as an overview but have tried to avoid overt duplication between the two articles. Velela 12:03, 5 July 2006 (UTC)
(I posted this to Talk:Catfish#Using catfish in septic tanks., but it is also of relevance here.)
Catfish are used in septic tanks in Indonesia, to eat the waste and prevent the tank from filling up with solids too quickly. I can't find a valid source, so I'll just offer these links for now, and hope that someone comes up with a source. I might try and co-author a journal article on it next year, which would then be a valid source.
Blog post (and comments): Ikan lele technology
My comment: An Indonesian's comment on catfish in septic tanks
The Indonesian Wikipedia article on catfish mentions that freshwater catfish are used to remove impurities from water; it states that catfish used in the way must be cleansed before eating, by being placed in flowing water. (The article doesn't state how long for, or just how much this improves the taste & safety). --Singkong2005 · talk 00:30, 31 October 2006 (UTC)
I work at a 16MGD water reclamation facility, and would be happy to submit photos for the different processes, such as
-Influent Pumping -Screening (mechanical bar screens) -Degritting -Aereation basins (oxidation ditch) -Anerobic tanks -Anoxic tanks -Clarification (circular gravity clarifiers) -Tertiary Filters (Rapid Sand Filters) -UV Disinfection -Effluent Pumping -Sream Outfall -Laboratory -Aerobic Digesters -Various Equipment (pumps, blowers, motors, etc) -Power backup (turbo-diesel generators) -Sludge Dewatering (belt filter presses, centrifuge)
You want a picture of it I can get it. JAK83 18:31, 5 February 2007 (UTC)
Yes, I think you should submit photos as they would be very useful.And if you have the time please post take and post photos for all the processes
JAK83 05:46, 15 May 2007 (UTC)
The section on "Sedimentation solidification and evaporation" refers to a piometre. I can't find any information on what that is--could it be a typo? Ccrrccrr 01:41, 5 July 2007 (UTC)
a vandal made it I'll take it out. --Xiahou 01:50, 5 July 2007 (UTC) Was just about to say the same thing. Thanks for taking it out.--Mschiffler 01:54, 5 July 2007 (UTC)
here is layout of basic UV disinfection File:UVlayout.pdf
In many countries strapped for water, it is necessary to recycle water from sewage treatment plants into either potable water, requiring high purity, or irrigation water, permitting a lower quality. I was rather surprised not to see either feature mentioned in this article, which is therefore incomplete. I don't have enough know-how to write a section, although I understand that single stage RO (much cheaper than desalination) plus UV irradiation is used for the former and ultrafiltration for the latter. Could anyone add this, please? --Devilinhell (talk) 07:30, 1 June 2008 (UTC)
Ive deleted Chemiviron's commercial website link... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.247.21.230 (talk) 08:05, 3 October 2008 (UTC) A major reason this is not practiced more widely in the USA for example, is that states have laws against reuse of water as you're somehow 'stealing' it from downstream users. Nevermind that you go and just take more of your quota from your reservoirs and dump your waste downstream in almost the exact same quantity. Or that most of that water you dumped never reaches the most downstream basin/reservoir in your state - it evaporates. Yes, this is (mostly) all due to the cattle wars. I'm not sure of the legality in other countries but this tends to be a true pattern, wherever water rights were literally fought over, which is practically everywhere. 2601:1:9280:155:E1CA:5ABE:F2A2:BCEA (talk) 06:53, 15 April 2014 (UTC)
A friend of mine that worked in water treatment always use to point out what he called Primary Settlement Tanks or PST's when we went past sewage works. As far as I can see there isn't a direct reference to them in this artical. Is that something that is missing? He was mainly refering to items like this: [1] 62.189.100.228 (talk) 20:00, 5 February 2009 (UTC)
I have removed the following text from the article because it seems to make little sense to me as part of the sewage treatment process. If someone can re-draft it so that it make sense to the ordinary reader and assuming that it is still relevant to this article, it could then be re-inserted.
Velela (talk) 11:20, 13 March 2009 (UTC)
I am a retired ChE with no sewage plant knowledge. I found the article a good introduction; however, I would suggest adding a specific discussion of the process flow diagram shown in the article. Its content does not relate directly to the text, resulting in unnecessary difficulty in understanding it. Ugodit (talk) 01:16, 22 February 2010 (UTC)
Such as soaps, detergents, and other chemicals used in the laundry room, kitchen, and bathroom? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Consuelo D'Guiche (talk • contribs) 20:27, 18 May 2010 (UTC)
Following edit has been removed; although the header "Circular sedimentation tanks" is best swapped for "Settling basin", I think it's accurate to place it at a seperate section. If you look at the schematic on the article, circular sedimentation tanks also come behind the rectangular, aerated/vortex basins. Hence, perhaps reinstate the infor by reverting to http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sewage_treatment&oldid=472802720 91.182.211.156 (talk) 11:50, 26 January 2012 (UTC)
In the Process overview section, MBBR (Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor) is discussed in the Secondary treatment sub-section with a direct link to World Water Works’ website, a business that provides wastewater treatment solutions. With multiple businesses providing MBBR solutions such as Headworks Bio Inc, Veolia/ AnoxKaldnes and Siemens, is the direct linking of World Water Works’ website a Conflict of Interest? Specifically, a self-promotion? Perhaps linking to an industry trade group for an explanation of MBBR would be the better course of action? Water World, a nationally recognized industry trade group for wastewater treatment, provides a webcast on the topic of Evaluation, Application and Operation of IFAS and MBBR Technologies.
The attention of those knowledgeable about water treatment would be welcomed at commons:Commons:Deletion_requests/File:Simple_water_treatment_plant.png
Thanks Andy Dingley (talk) 17:21, 31 January 2012 (UTC)
Wastewater treatment currently consumes about 15 GW or about 3% of the electrical power produced in the United States. Domestic, industrial and animal wastewater together however contains about 17 GW of potential energy. At present, this energy is still untapped, yet could be extracted using a microbial electrolysis cells (MEC).[1]
mention in article 109.130.149.22 (talk) 10:47, 5 January 2013 (UTC)
References
Where is the reference on Nitrospira being more active than Nitrobacter in the environment? I have read that this is true only for marine environments. 122.3.43.60 (talk) 11:07, 19 March 2013 (UTC)
"Communities that have urbanized in the mid-20th century or later generally have built separate systems for sewage (sanitary sewers) and stormwater, because precipitation causes widely varying flows, reducing sewage treatment plant efficiency.[1]"
This is one heck of an understatement. It does more than just reduce efficiency. It can totally disrupt a plant for a long period of time. It essentially shuts down many plant designs for various reasons, including the ecosystems in each tank. Maybe someone with more experience with this phenomenon could State it in more detail. It's not like it's even 'original research' since there's plenty of books to reference in the treatment industry on possible plant failures. For example, the books used to study for exams. 2601:1:9280:155:E1CA:5ABE:F2A2:BCEA (talk) 07:04, 15 April 2014 (UTC)
References
This sections seems like an indiscriminate collection of information. The thing that seemed wrong to me initially was the inclusion of Israel, which is a developed country, but actually the section is problematic overall. It mostly provides random information from three countries: Venezuela, Iran and Israel. There is one general and unsourced line about sub-Saharan Africa without any useful information. There is no information about Asia or the Americas beyond the above countries.
I see two possible solutions: either removing the section entirely, or having a by-country section which will list information on sewage treatment in as many countries as possible.
—Ynhockey (Talk) 15:19, 9 December 2014 (UTC)
I propose to change the name of this article to "wastewater treatment". The term sewage is more and more being replaced with "wastewater". Already in the lead paragraph we speak of wastewater. Sewage used to be just for household wastewwater but in municipal sewer systems there is always a mixure of households, some wastewater from industries or commercial activities as well as stormwater. "Wastewater treatment plant" also should redirect to here (at the moment it redirects to "water treatment" which is not helpful). The term "sewage treatment plant" is also used but in my opinion WWTP is more common worldwide. Note there is a separate article on "industrial wastewater treatment" which could nicely be linked to from the page of "wastewater treatment" when it is called wastewater treatment instead of "sewage treatment". EvM-Susana (talk) 18:45, 27 December 2014 (UTC)
OK, I see what you mean. So can you set up those two disambiguation pages? That would be good. - But "water treatment" is not the top level entry because water is not equal to wastewater. If I look for wastewter treatment, I would never look under water treatment. Water treatment primarily stands for potable water treatment. Water is not (yet) polluted and has not (yet) been through a process. - Having those proposed disambiguation pages would solve our problem, I agree with Thewellman. EvM-Susana (talk) 10:20, 28 December 2014 (UTC)
I think we should trim down the information on sludge treatment on this page and rather move it to the existing page on sewage sludge treatment. For example, the recent addition about the Omni processor should in my opinion rather be on the sewage sludge treatment page as it is clearly a process for sewage sludge only, not for sewage treatment: New research developments[edit source | editbeta] A new sewage sludge treatment process aimed at developing countries is currently under development. It is called the Omni Processor and is a self sustaining process which uses the solids of the sewage sludge as fuel to convert the waste water into drinking water and surplus electrical energy.[27] EvM-Susana (talk) 11:43, 13 January 2015 (UTC)
Perhaps imbibing Goldschläger has something to do with this. Devlin, Hannah. "Gold in Faeces 'is worth millions and could save the environment'". The Guardian. Retrieved May 4, 2015. 7&6=thirteen (☎) 15:23, 4 May 2015 (UTC)
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I propose that wastewater treatment be merged into sewage treatment. The subject is exactly the same in common usage of the terms, and the information is mostly duplicates that could be consolidated better on this page
Some of the article seems to have been written as if it's only about the U.S. — e.g., "Sewage collection and treatment is typically subject to local, state and federal regulations and standards." --84.93.89.54 (talk) 12:23, 30 January 2019 (UTC)
There is a discussion here proposing that it might be appropriate to promote this article to GA status. Because this may impact other articles , the discussion is currently at the Sanitation Project talk page where comments and suggestions are welcome. Velella Velella Talk 15:05, 29 March 2021 (UTC)
I have just made quite some changes to the article. What I tried to do is this:
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect Crap plant. The discussion will occur at Wikipedia:Redirects for discussion/Log/2021 August 25#Crap plant until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. firefly ( t · c ) 08:13, 25 August 2021 (UTC)
I am working with an external content expert (Marcos Von Sperling) to review this article. This is part of this project. I will save after each small change and explain in the edit summary what was done. Happy to engage in further discussions on those changes. He has also sent me some images, some of which I will also include. EMsmile (talk) 06:20, 6 October 2021 (UTC)
I have just added more images that were supplied to Wikimedia Commons by Marcos Von Sperling. The aim here is to show the variety of sewage treatment process and sizes that exist around the world, i.e. not to just focus on the activated sludge process. For the same reason, I have also created an image collage for the lead now. We can discuss further if I found a good balance or if we need different photos that are more suitable/appealing. EMsmile (talk) 03:35, 14 October 2021 (UTC)
Hi page watchers: I came back to this article today to make some corrections to content that I had added a year and a half ago to ensure it's not violating copyright (I found out that the very good book by von Sperling is open access but has an ND NC licence which was not clear from the website; so not compatibly licenced). Anyway, while doing this work I came to a point where I was undecided what to do about two long sentences that enumerate certain factors. I put them in quotes for now but I guess this is not elegant. However, I also think it makes little sense to now find synonyms for each term; and I can't really change the "sentence structure" to paraphrase it as it's just a listing of factors. I could drop some factors from the list but I'd find that almost like WP:OR, i.e. me deciding which one is more important than another one. Also the whole point is to show that there are numerous factors to consider. (I do know that Wikipedia is WP:NOTTEXTBOOK) I am curious to see how others with an interest in this topic think that this should be handled. Also pinging User:Femke and User:ASRASR and User:Velella.
This is the text block and in bold the two sentences (I guess the number of times that the word "requirement" appears could be reduced):
This is because the main important factors to be considered when evaluating and selecting sewage treatment processes are numerous. A textbook listed them as follows: "process applicability, applicable flow, acceptable flow variation, influent characteristics, inhibiting or refractory compounds, climatic aspects, process kinetics and reactor hydraulics, performance, treatment residuals, sludge processing, environmental constraints, chemical product requirements, energy requirements, requirements of other resources, personnel requirements, operating and maintenance requirements, ancillary processes, reliability, complexity, compatibility, area availability".: 219
With regards to environmental impacts of sewage treatment plants the following aspects are included in the selection process: "Odors, vector attraction, sludge transportation, sanitary risks, air contamination, soil and subsoil contamination, surface water pollution or groundwater contamination, devaluation of nearby areas, inconvenience to the nearby population".: 220
EMsmile (talk) 18:31, 8 March 2023 (UTC)
References
EMsmile (talk) 18:31, 8 March 2023 (UTC)
...decision makers need to take into account technical and economical criteriawhich is getting close to an instruction and grazes uncomfortably close to WP:NOTMANUAL. Perhaps better to say
Many technical, environmental and economic factors affect the design of a sewage treatment plant and, with the exception of small rural works, each one will be designed to suit the particular conditions encountered.. Then the 4th tier headings could follow with a common English explanation of the terms where they are less obvious and a rationale for their inclusion in the assessment and design. Happy to help and advise as any change goes along, but my ability to contribute much is inhibited by real life at present. Velella Velella Talk 22:46, 8 March 2023 (UTC)