1968 Schwinn Sting-Ray Orange Krate 5-speedOpen house for the Huffy Penguin on March 3, 1963The North American Version of The Mk2 Raleigh ChopperHuffy Flaming Stack chain GuardSchwinn banana seat with sissy bar, bobbed fender, and slick, square-profile tireCustomized "Eliminator" with speedometer and wheelie bar
In modern usage, "wheelie bike" can refer to a large-frame BMX bike.[4]
History
In 1962, Peter Mole of John T Bill & Co contacted Huffy Corp about making a new bicycle called High Rise. The bikes had a long seat called a banana seat with strut and taller handlebars. Huffy hesitated for several months before agreeing to make the bike with the stipulation that if it was a flop, Peter Mole would buy all the left-over parts and bikes. The new bike, called the Penguin, was finally being sold in stores by March 1963 and was the first of this type to market.[5][6][7]
Also in 1963, Schwinn's designer Al Fritz heard about a new youth trend centered in California for retrofitting bicycles with the accoutrements of motorcycles customized in the Bobber or Chopper style.[8] Inspired, he designed a mass-production bike for the youth market as Project J-38, and the result was introduced to the public as the Schwinn Sting-Ray in 1963.[9] Sales were initially slow, but eventually took off. By 1965, several other American and foreign manufacturers were offering their own version of the Sting-Ray.
BMX bikes began to supersede wheelie bikes in the mid-1970s, though Schwinn continued to offer them until 1982 and Raleigh until 1984.[10] Original wheelie bikes are popular collectors' items now,[1][11] and some manufacturers have reintroduced updated versions.[10][12]
Features
The seating position nearly over the rear tire facilitated performing wheelies. Styling cues were also taken from muscle cars,[citation needed] and features included different sized wheels, with the smaller in the front, and square-profiled tires. Small, chromed fenders, a style borrowed from bobber motorcycles, were also popular.
Handlebars
Besides the original ape hanger handlebars, several models sported ram horn style handlebars that contained loops.[13] Huffy even introduced a model, called The Wheel, with a steering wheel in place of handlebars.[14][15]
Gears
Two-speed rear hubs, that the rider shifted by back pedalling, were common, but some featured external rear derailleurs with 3 or 5 gear ratios and automotive-like gear shifters mounted on the top tube.
The 1968 Schwinn Krate models included a spring suspension front fork. At least one model, the Murray Kingkat, came from the factory with long forks resembling a chopper motorcycle.[16]
Seating
Besides making wheelies easier,[1] the banana seats facilitated carrying passengers.[2]
Several manufacturers made tandem versions, including Schwinn,[17][18] Raleigh,[19][20] and Rollfast.[21]
Accessories
Many after-market accessories were available for muscle bikes including wheelie bars, drag chutes, "slick" tires, speedometers, windshields, hand grip streamers, headlights, taller sissy bars, axle spinners, and back rests.
Impact
The Raleigh Chopper was the best selling children's bicycle in the UK.[12] The wheelie bike fad drove bicycle sales to over 4 million units in the US,[2] and accounted for 75% of total US bicycle sales in 1968,[22] but it also helped contribute to the impression in the US that bicycles are merely children's toys.[1] Dangerous features, such as shifters mounted on the top tube, were banned in the US in 1974.[3][11] The wheelie bike fad even attracted the attention of non-bicycle manufacturers that developed and sold add-on products, such as the Wham-Owheelie bar.[23]
Though initially a US fad, wheelie bikes also became popular in the UK, Canada, New Zealand,[24] and South Africa.[25] Australia had its own Malvern Star Dragster,[26] Brazil had its own Monark Tigrão,[27] and in Norway, Øglænd made the DBS Tomahawk.
Dot Wiggin, formerly of The Shaggs, recorded the song "Banana Bike" in 2013 as a tribute to her sister Helen, who died in 2006. Helen owned a yellow imported Raleigh Chopper that she used to keep fit with, that Dot found amusing that a grown woman should be using a children's bike. Helen explained that it was far more comfortable for her than a normal bike.
Names
Part of the appeal of these bikes was their colorful and evocative names. Besides the Schwinn Sting-Ray and Raleigh Chopper, examples include:
^ abcdBrown, Sheldon. "Wheelie Bike". Sheldon Brown. Retrieved 2010-06-27. Wheelie Bike. Also known as a "high-riser", "Stingray", "polo bike", "banana bike", "Chopper".
^ abcHerlihy, David V. (2004). Bicycle, The History. Yale University Press. pp. 363. ISBN0-300-10418-9. Meanwhile, a new juvenile craze broke out and propelled domestic bicycle sales past the four million mark for the first time. This time around, the demand was for new-fangled "high-risers" like Schwinn's Sting-Ray.
^John Brain. "The Birth of the Factory Muscle Bike: 1963". John T. Bill introduced the Penguin to their many So-Cal dealers on March 3rd 1963, at the open house of their new corporate facilities in Glendale CA.
^William Hudson. "Myths and Milestones in Bicycle Evolution". Leon Dixon of the National Bicycle History Archive of America notes: "This is a very serious myth. First, Schwinn merely copied the Huffy Penguin which existed BEFORE the Sting-Ray.
^Leon Dixon (2009). "How it Began". National Bicycle History Archive of America. Retrieved 2012-01-16. It was the KIDS in Southern California who came up with different ways to fit out 20-inch bicycles that resulted in the Penguin, Sting-Ray and so-called musclebikes.
^"Raleigh Chopper Mk1 Info". RaleighChopper.net. Retrieved 2010-07-06. Raleigh Choppers were sold all over the world, and sometimes re-badged, BSA in Europe, Eaton Fastback in Canada, Dominator in Australia, Raleigh in South Africa.
