Insufficienza venosa cronica
Arti inferiori in un caso lieve di insufficienza venosa cronica
Specialitàcardiologia
Classificazione e risorse esterne (EN)
ICD-9-CM459.81
ICD-10I87.2
MedlinePlus000203
eMedicine461449

L'insufficienza venosa cronica è una condizione caratterizzata da insufficiente ritorno venoso al cuore.

Può essere organica, se alla sua base vi sono alterazioni anatomiche delle vene, e funzionale se le vene, pur essendo integre, sono sottoposte ad un lavoro eccessivo e pertanto non sono in grado di garantire un ritorno venoso sufficiente.

Epidemiologia

Negli Stati Uniti ne è affetto sino al 5% della popolazione generale. Più colpito il sesso femminile in un rapporto di 2:1 rispetto al sesso maschile.

Eziologia

La perdita di elasticità della parete venosa e la distruzione delle valvole porta alla formazione di varici (dilatazioni patologiche permanenti delle vene). Le varici sono dovute alle gravidanze, all'obesità, alla sedentarietà, all'uso di anticoncezionali orali, o a patologie quali la trombosi venosa profonda. L'insorgenza di varici è spesso condizionata anche dalla familiarità o dal tipo di lavoro svolto.

Sintomatologia

Sugli arti inferiori si può rilevare la presenza di vene varicose o di teleangectasie e di distrofie cutanee che nei casi più gravi arrivano fino alle ulcere. Il paziente può avvertire pesantezza agli arti inferiori, gonfiore, parestesie, prurito, dolore di tipo crampiforme. Questi sintomi ovviamente peggiorano nella stagione calda.

Esami

L'anamnesi ed esame obiettivo permettono di formulare la diagnosi; l'ecocolor Doppler permette di valutare la morfologia e la funzione delle vene degli arti inferiori.

Terapia

Si devono correggere in generale in primo luogo le abitudini alimentari e lo stile di vita dell'individuo.

Poi può essere sempre utile l'utilizzo di calze elastiche e comunque la compressione della gamba.

Tra le terapie farmacologiche e fitoterapiche vengono comunemente usati preparati che contengono una serie di principi attivi di documentata efficacia; tra questi i più noti ed usati sono, spesso sotto forma di fitocomplessi, i seguenti principi attivi:

La vitis vinifera possiede documentate attività su:

Il Ginkgo biloba possiede documentate attività su:

L'ippocastano o aesculus hippocastanum possiede documentate attività su:

La rutina (Quercetin-3-O-rutinoside o Rutin o rutoside) possiede documentate attività su:

La amamedile o hamamelis virginiana possiede documentate attività su:

La diosmina possiede documentate attività su:

La luteina possiede documentate attività su:

L'esperidina possiede documentate attività su:

Note

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