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((Short description|American entertainer (1949–1984)))
((About|the entertainer|the former basketball player|Andy Kaufmann))
((Use American English|date=March 2023))
((Use mdy dates|date=March 2023))
((Infobox person
| name               = Andy Kaufman
| alt                = 
| image              = Akaufman1.jpg
| caption            = Kaufman playing his "Foreign Man" character
| birth_name         = Andrew Geoffrey Kaufman
| birth_date         = ((Birth date|1949|1|17|mf=y))
| birth_place        = [[New York City]], U.S.
| death_date         = ((Death date and age|1984|5|16|1949|1|17|mf=y))
| death_place        = [[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, California]], U.S.
| resting_place      = [[Beth David Cemetery]]
| occupation         = ((flatlist|
* Actor
* comedian
* singer
* dancer
* performance artist
* professional wrestler
))
| style              = ((flatlist|
* [[Alternative comedy]]
* [[Anti-humor]]
* [[cringe humor]]
* [[character comedy]]
* [[surreal comedy]]
* [[improvisational comedy]]
))
| years_active       = 1971–1984
| partner            = Lynne Margulies (1982–1984)
| children           = 1
))

'''Andrew Geoffrey Kaufman''' (((IPAc-en|ˈ|k|aʊ|f|m|ə|n)) ((respell|KOWF|mən));<ref>[https://www.loc.gov/nls/about/organization/standards-guidelines/ijkl/#k "I-L"]. ''[[National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped|NLS]]''.</ref> January 17, 1949&nbsp;– May 16, 1984<ref name="TSGDeathCert">((cite web|url=http://www.thesmokinggun.com/archive/kaufmandeath1.html|title=Certificate of Death, State of California: Andrew G. Kaufman|publisher=Country of Los Angeles Resigtrar-Recorder/County Clerk via TheSmokingGun.com|access-date=February 10, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100207152440/http://www.thesmokinggun.com/archive/kaufmandeath1.html|archive-date=February 7, 2010|url-status=live))</ref>) was an American entertainer and performance artist. While often called a "comedian", Kaufman preferred to describe himself instead as a "song and dance man". He has sometimes been called an "[[anti-humor|anti-comedian]]".<ref name="bizarre">((cite web|date=December 23, 1999|last=Givens|first=Ron|title=Andy Kaufman recalled as bizarre, gifted|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1955&dat=19991223&id=FYkxAAAAIBAJ&pg=3763,5038742&hl=en|publisher=[[New York Daily News]]; Reading Eagle|access-date=August 6, 2016))</ref> He disdained telling jokes and engaging in comedy as it was traditionally understood, once saying in an interview, "I am not a comic, I have never told a joke. The comedian's promise is that he will go out there and make you laugh with him. My only promise is that I will try to entertain you as best I can."<ref>((cite news|url=https://movies.nytimes.com/person/37092/Andy-Kaufman/biography|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080610100053/http://movies.nytimes.com/person/37092/Andy-Kaufman/biography|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 10, 2008|first=Sandra|last=Brennan|title=Full Biography|quote=I am not a comic, I have never told a joke. ... The comedian's promise is that he will go out there and make you laugh with him. ... My only promise is that I will try to entertain you as best I can. ... They say, 'Oh wow, Andy Kaufman, he's a really funny guy.'|department=Movies & TV Dept.|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=2008|access-date=April 9, 2012))</ref>

After working in small comedy clubs in the early 1970s, Kaufman came to the attention of a wider audience in 1975, when he was invited to perform portions of his act on the first season of ''[[Saturday Night Live]]''. His Foreign Man character was the basis of his performance as [[Latka Gravas]] on the hit television show [[Taxi (TV series)|''Taxi'']] from 1978 until 1983.<ref name="nytimesobituary">((cite news|date=May 18, 1984|last=Prial|first=Frank J.|title=Andy Kaufman, A Comedian Known For Unorthodox Skits|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/05/18/obituaries/andy-kaufman-a-comedian-known-for-unorthodox-skits.html|website=The New York Times|access-date=July 17, 2016))</ref> During this time, he continued to tour comedy clubs and theaters in a series of unique performance art/comedy shows, sometimes appearing as himself and sometimes as obnoxiously rude [[lounge singer]] [[Tony Clifton]]. He was also a frequent guest on [[sketch comedy]] and [[late-night talk show]]s, particularly ''[[Late Night with David Letterman]]''.<ref name="beloved"/> In 1982, Kaufman brought his [[professional wrestling]] [[Heel (professional wrestling)|villain]] act to Letterman's show by way of a staged encounter with [[Jerry Lawler|Jerry "The King" Lawler]] of the [[Continental Wrestling Association]]. The fact that the altercation was planned was not publicly disclosed for over a decade.

Kaufman died of lung cancer on May 16, 1984, at the age of 35.<ref name="clifton"/> As pranks and elaborate ruses were major elements of his career, persistent rumors have circulated that Kaufman [[Faked death|faked his own death]] as a grand hoax.<ref name="beloved"/><ref>((cite news|date=March 30, 1995|title=Tip-off|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1346&dat=19950330&id=P-RNAAAAIBAJ&pg=5605,6852532|newspaper=Lakeland Ledger|access-date=August 27, 2016))</ref> He continues to be respected for the variety of his characters, his uniquely counterintuitive approach to comedy, and his willingness to provoke negative and confused reactions from audiences.<ref name="beloved"/><ref>((cite news|date=June 9, 1984|last=Handler|first=David|title=Kaufman Blazed New Trails|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1356&dat=19840609&id=qSgxAAAAIBAJ&pg=2505,4904519|newspaper=Ocala Star-Banner|access-date=August 27, 2016))</ref>

==Early life==
Kaufman was born on January 17, 1949, in New York City, the oldest of three children. He grew up with his younger brother Michael and sister Carol in a middle-class Jewish family in [[Great Neck (village), New York|Great Neck]], [[Long Island]].<ref name="funhousep12">((cite book |last=Zehme |first=Bill |date=1999 |title=Lost in the Funhouse: The Life and Mind of Andy Kaufman |publisher=Delacorte Press |page=[https://archive.org/details/lostinfunhouseli00zehm/page/12 12] |isbn=9780385333719 |url=https://archive.org/details/lostinfunhouseli00zehm/page/12 ))</ref> His mother was Janice (née Bernstein), a homemaker and former fashion model, and his father was Stanley Kaufman, a jewelry salesman.<ref name="funhousep6-10">Zehme. pp.6–10</ref>  Kaufman began performing at children's birthday parties at age 9, playing records and showing cartoons.((citation needed|date=November 2022)) Kaufman spent much of his youth writing poetry and stories, including an unpublished novel, ''The Hollering Mangoo'', which he completed at age 16.<ref name="funhousepp67-68">Zehme. pp. 67–68</ref> Following a visit to his school from Nigerian musician [[Babatunde Olatunji]], Kaufman began playing the [[congas]].<ref name="funhousep38-39">Zehme. pp. 38–39.</ref>

After graduating from [[John L. Miller Great Neck North High School|Great Neck North High School]] in 1967, Kaufman took a year off before enrolling at the now defunct two-year [[Grahm Junior College]]<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.grahmjuniorcollege.org/alumni.htm |title=Grahm Junior College Alumni|website=Grahmjuniorcollege.org |date=January 3, 2017 |access-date=January 22, 2017))</ref> in Boston,<ref name="bio">((cite web|date=December 30, 1979|title=Profile: Andy Kaufman|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1697&dat=19791230&id=fjAqAAAAIBAJ&pg=6674,6067310|publisher=Park City Daily News|access-date=August 27, 2016))</ref> where he studied television production and starred in his own campus television show, ''Uncle Andy's Fun House.''<ref name="nytimesobituary"/> In August 1969, he hitchhiked to Las Vegas to meet [[Elvis Presley]], showing up unannounced at the [[International Hotel (Las Vegas)|International Hotel]]. Soon after, he began performing at coffee houses and developing his act, as well as writing a one-man play, ''Gosh'' (later renamed ''God'' and published in 2000).<ref name="bio"/> After graduating in 1971, he began performing stand-up comedy at various small clubs on the [[East coast of the United States|East Coast]].<ref name="funhousep132-141">Zehme. pp.132–141</ref><ref name="cabaret">((cite news|date=July 11, 1974|last=Shepard|first=Richard F.|title=Songs and a New Comedian Make Lively Cabaret|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/07/11/archives/songs-and-a-new-comedian-make-lively-cabaret.html|website=The New York Times|access-date=July 17, 2016))</ref>

==Career==
===Foreign Man and Mighty Mouse===
Kaufman first received major attention for his character Foreign Man, who spoke in a meek, high-pitched, heavily accented voice and claimed to be from "Caspiar", a fictional island in the [[Caspian Sea]].<ref name="cabaret"/> It was as this character that Kaufman convinced the owner of the famed New York City comedy club [[The Improv]], [[Budd Friedman]], to allow him to perform on stage.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://improv.com/history/|title=History of the Improv|website=Improv))</ref><ref name="zoglin">((cite book|date=2008|last=Zoglin|first=Richard|title=Comedy at the Edge: How Stand-up in the 1970s Changed America|url=https://archive.org/details/comedyatedgehows0000zogl|isbn=978-1582346243|publisher=Bloomsbury USA|access-date=August 3, 2016|url-access=registration))</ref>

As Foreign Man, Kaufman would appear on the stage of [[comedy club]]s, play a recording of the theme from the ''[[Mighty Mouse]]'' cartoon show while standing perfectly still, and [[lip sync|lip-sync]] only the line "Here I come to save the day" with great enthusiasm.<ref name="cnn2012"/> He proceeded to tell a few (intentionally poor) jokes and concluded his act with a series of celebrity [[impersonator|impersonations]], with the comedy arising from the character's obviously hopeless ineptitude at impersonation. For example, in his fake accent Kaufman announced to the audience, "I would like to imitate [[Jimmy Carter|Meester Carter]], de president of de United States" and then, in exactly the same voice, say "Hello, I am Meester Carter, de president of de United States. T'ank you veddy much."
At some point in the performance, usually when the audience was conditioned to Foreign Man's inability to perform a single convincing impression, Foreign Man would announce, "And now I would like to imitate the [[Elvis Presley]]", turn around, take off his jacket, slick his hair back, and launch into a rousing, hip-shaking rendition of Presley singing one of his hit songs. Like Presley, he took off his leather jacket during the song and threw it into the audience, but unlike Presley, Foreign Man would immediately ask for it to be returned. After the song's finale, he would take a simple bow and say in his Foreign Man voice, "T'ank you veddy much."((citation needed|date=January 2017))

Portions of Kaufman's Foreign Man act were broadcast in the first season of ''Saturday Night Live''. The Mighty Mouse number was featured in the October 11, 1975, premiere, while the joke-telling and celebrity impressions (including Elvis) were included in the November 8 broadcast that same year.<ref name="snl-s1">''SNL: The Complete First Season, 1975–1976''. DVD recording.</ref>

===Latka===
((Main|Latka Gravas))

Kaufman first used his Foreign Man character in nightclubs in the early 1970s, often to tell jokes incorrectly and do weak imitations of famous people before bursting into his Elvis Presley imitation. The character was then changed into Latka Gravas for [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]'s sitcom ''[[Taxi (TV series)|Taxi]]'', appearing in 79 of 114 episodes in 1978–83.((citation needed|date=January 2017)) [[Bob Zmuda]] confirms this: "They basically were buying Andy's Foreign Man character for the ''Taxi'' character Latka."<ref name="oral">[http://www.bluedonut.com/ak.htm "Andy Kaufman Oral History"] ((webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061206215413/http://www.bluedonut.com/ak.htm |date=December 6, 2006 )), interviews with Don Steinberg, originally published in short form in ''GQ Magazine'', December 1999.</ref> Kaufman's longtime manager [[George Shapiro]] encouraged him to take the gig.

Kaufman disliked sitcoms and was not happy with the idea of being in one, but Shapiro convinced him that it would quickly lead to stardom, which would earn him money he could then put into his own act.((citation needed |date=June 2022)) Kaufman agreed to appear in 14 episodes per season, and he initially wanted four for Kaufman's alter ego [[Tony Clifton]]. After Kaufman deliberately sabotaged Clifton's appearance on the show, however, that part of his contract was dropped.<ref name="clifton">((cite news|date=May 23, 1984|last=Shales|first=Tom|title=Kaufman's many faces made him one of a kind|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1499&dat=19840523&id=gWoaAAAAIBAJ&pg=7154,1748529&hl=en|newspaper=[[The Milwaukee Journal]]|access-date=July 13, 2016))((Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes ))</ref>

His character was given [[multiple personality disorder]], which allowed Kaufman to randomly portray other characters. In one episode of ''Taxi'', Kaufman's character came down with a condition that made him act like [[Alex Rieger]], the main character played by [[Judd Hirsch]]. Another such recurring character played by Kaufman was Latka's womanizing alter ego Vic Ferrari.<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0718495 ''Taxi'' (Season 3, Episode 20, "Latka the Playboy")], imdb.com; accessed January 28, 2017.</ref>

[[Sam Simon]], who early in his career was a writer and later [[showrunner]] for ''Taxi'', stated in a 2013 interview on Marc Maron's [[WTF with Marc Maron|''WTF'' podcast]] that the story of Kaufman having been generally disruptive on the show was "a complete fiction" largely created by Zmuda. Simon maintained that Zmuda has a vested interest in promoting an out-of-control image of Kaufman. In the interview Simon stated that Kaufman was "completely professional" and that he "told you Tony Clifton was him", but he also conceded that Kaufman would have "loved" Zmuda's version of events.<ref>[[Maron, Marc]] (May 16, 2013). [http://www.wtfpod.com/podcast/episodes/episode_389_-_sam_simon "Episode 389&nbsp;– Sam Simon"], WTFPod.com; accessed January 28, 2017.</ref>

Kaufman was nominated for the [[Golden Globe Award]] for [[Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor&nbsp;– Series, Miniseries or Television Film|Best Supporting Actor in a Series, Limited Series, or Motion Picture Made for Television]] for ''Taxi'' in 1979 and 1981.<ref>((cite web|title=Golden Globe Awards: Winners & Nominees|url=http://www.goldenglobes.com/person/andy-kaufman|publisher=GoldenGlobes.com|access-date=October 7, 2016))</ref>

===Tony Clifton===
((more citations needed section|date=January 2017))
((Main|Tony Clifton))
Another well-known Kaufman character is Tony Clifton, an absurd, audience-abusing [[lounge singer]] who began opening for Kaufman at comedy clubs and eventually even performed concerts on his own around the country. Sometimes it was Kaufman performing as Clifton, sometimes it was his brother Michael or Zmuda. For a brief time, it was unclear to some that Clifton was not a real person. News programs interviewed Clifton as Kaufman's opening act, with the mood turning ugly whenever Kaufman's name came up. Kaufman, Clifton insisted, was attempting to ruin Clifton's "good name" in order to make money and become famous.

As a requirement for Kaufman's accepting the offer to star on ''Taxi'', he insisted that Clifton be hired for a guest role on the show as if he were a real person, not a character.<ref name="clifton"/> After throwing a tantrum on the set, Clifton was fired and escorted from the studio lot by security guards. Much to Kaufman's delight, this incident was reported in the local newspapers.<ref name="standup">((cite book|date=2009|last=Knoedelseder|first=William|title=I'm Dying Up Here: Heartbreak and High Times in Stand-up Comedy's Golden Era|isbn=9781586483173|publisher=PublicAffairs|url=https://archive.org/details/imdyingupherehea00knoe))</ref>

===Saturday Night Live Elvis sketch incident===
((See also|Albert Goldman#Elvis Presley biography))
On the January 30, 1982, episode of ''Saturday Night Live'', while impersonating Elvis Presley in a sketch, Kaufman broke character by removing his wig and apologizing to the audience.<ref>((Cite episode |series=Saturday Night Live |date=January 30, 1982 |season=7 |number=10 |url=https://archive.org/details/saturday-night-live-s-07-e-10-john-madden-jennifer-holliday |title=Saturday Night Live S07E10 – John Madden))</ref>

Kaufman explained this incident on the February 17, 1982, episode of [[Late Night with David Letterman]]. He said that he had apologized because he disagreed with how Presley was portrayed in the sketch, which involved Presley instructing two young women from his audience to visit him backstage, where they would wrestle topless in mud. Kaufman said that he had initially declined to perform the sketch but was pressured into it. He also alleged that ''SNL'' staff threatened to ruin his reputation in the industry if he did not perform the sketch.<ref>((Cite episode |series=Late Night with David Letterman |date=February 17, 1982 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YbBQTfSzwBQ |title=Andy Kaufman on Letterman, February 17, 1982))</ref>

The sketch was a reference to an incident alleged by [[Albert Goldman]]'s controversial 1981 biography of Presley. Critics of the biography derided its scornful tone and charged that it was intended as an exposé. Kaufman said that Goldman threatened to sue him after the episode aired, but Kaufman challenged Goldman to a public debate on Presley's character.<ref>See [http://home.online.no/~ov-egela/careless.html Jonathan Yardley, "CARELESS LOVE: The Unmaking of Elvis Presley"] ((webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080930075214/http://home.online.no/~ov-egela/careless.html|date=September 30, 2008)).</ref><ref>See [http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674194229 Greil Marcus, "THE ABSENCE OF ELVIS: The Myth Behind the Truth Behind the Legend"]</ref>

===Carnegie Hall show===
At the beginning of an April 1979 performance at New York's [[Carnegie Hall]], Kaufman invited his "grandmother" to watch the show from a chair that he had placed at the side of the stage. At the end of the show, she stood, removed her mask, and revealed to the audience that she was actually comedian [[Robin Williams]].<ref>((cite news|date=April 28, 1979|last=Maslin|first=Janet|title=Comedy: Andy Kaufman Fills Stage With Parade of Odd Characters|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/04/28/archives/comedy-andy-kaufman-fills-stage-with-parade-of-odd-characters.html|website=The New York Times|access-date=July 30, 2016))</ref>

Kaufman also had an elderly woman (Eleanor Cody Gould) pretend to have a heart attack and die on stage, after which he reappeared on stage wearing a Native American [[headdress]] and performing a dance over her body, "reviving" her.<ref>((cite book|last=Shackett|first=Barbara|date=2013|title=Stranded in Montana; Dumped in Arizona|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jnL3GnL3HfQC&q=eleanor+cody+gould+andy+kaufman&pg=PA81|publisher=Dorrance Publishing|isbn=9781434928559|access-date=July 30, 2016))</ref><ref name="washingtonpost1979">((cite news|date=July 1, 1979|last=Carter|first=Betsy|title=Hide-'n'-seek in Andy Kaufman's fun house|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/hide-n-seek-in-andy-kaufmans-fun-house/2014/10/06/e2e03928-4d93-11e4-8c24-487e92bc997b_story.html|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=July 8, 2016))</ref>

Kaufman ended the show by taking the entire audience, in 24 buses, for milk and cookies. He invited anyone interested to meet him on the [[Staten Island Ferry]] the next morning, where the show continued.<ref>((cite news|date=April 28, 1979|title=Comic Encore: Milk, Cookies For Audience|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2194&dat=19790427&id=Vr4yAAAAIBAJ&pg=7011,1562422&hl=en|newspaper=The Ottawa Citizen|access-date=July 6, 2016))</ref>

===TV specials===
The ''Taxi'' deal with [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] included a television special/pilot for Kaufman. He proposed ''Andy's Funhouse'', based on a routine that he had developed while in junior college. The special was taped in 1977 but did not air until August 1979. It featured most of Andy's famous gags, including Foreign Man/Latka and his Elvis Presley impersonation, as well as a host of unique segments (including a special appearance by children's television character [[Howdy Doody]] and the "Has-been Corner").<ref>((cite news|date=August 28, 1979|last=Maslin|first=Janet|title=TV: A 90-Minute Special With Andy Kaufman|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/08/28/archives/tv-a-90minute-special-with-andy-kaufman.html|website=The New York Times|access-date=July 30, 2016))</ref> The program also included a segment with fake television screen static as part of the gag, although ABC executives feared that viewers would mistake the static for broadcast problems and would change the channel—which was the comic element that Kaufman wanted to present.<ref>((cite web|date=August 3, 1989|last=Wickstrom|first=Andy|title=Andy Kaufman Still Surprises in a 1977 Video|url=http://articles.philly.com/1989-08-03/entertainment/26147012_1_latka-gravas-andy-kaufman-foreigner|website=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]|access-date=July 12, 2016))</ref> ''Andy's Funhouse'' was written by Kaufman, Zmuda and Mel Sherer, with music by Kaufman.<ref>((cite web|date=July 22, 2013|last=Elisberg|first=Robert J.|title=Pal Mel|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/robert-j-elisberg/pal-mel_b_3319754.html|website=[[The Huffington Post]]|access-date=July 12, 2016))</ref>

In March 1980, Kaufman filmed a short segment for an ABC show called ''Buckshot.'' The segment was just over six minutes long and was called ''Uncle Andy's Funhouse''. It featured Kaufman as the host of a children's show for adults, complete with a [[peanut gallery]] and Tony Clifton puppet.<ref name="uncleandy">((cite news|date=July 18, 1980|last=Arnott|first=Susan L.|title=The Television Picture: What's Special...|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1499&dat=19800718&id=JiEqAAAAIBAJ&pg=6782,4112414&hl=en|newspaper=The Milwaukee Journal|access-date=July 13, 2016))((Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes ))</ref>

In 1983, a show very similar to ''Andy's Funhouse'' and ''Uncle Andy's Funhouse'' was filmed for [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]]'s [[Soundstage (TV series)|SoundStage]] program called ''The Andy Kaufman Show''. It too featured a peanut gallery, and [[cold open|opened in the middle]] of an interview in which Kaufman was laughing hysterically. He then proceeded to thank the audience for watching and the credits rolled.((citation needed|date=January 2017))

===''Fridays'' incidents===
In 1981, Kaufman made three appearances on ''[[Fridays (TV series)|Fridays]]'', a variety show on ABC that was similar to ''Saturday Night Live''. In the last sketch on his first appearance, the cast were to deliberately break the scene and improvise an argument.<ref name="Chartoff">((cite web|date=July 28, 2007|last=Chartoff|first=Melanie|title=An Andy Kaufman Story&nbsp;– What really happened on that infamous episode of "Fridays"? An insider finally reveals the truth|url=http://www.aish.com/j/f/48954246.html|website=aish.com|access-date=July 30, 2016))</ref> Kaufman broke character first, announcing that he "felt stupid" and refusing to say his lines.<ref>((cite news|date=February 24, 1981|last=Schwartz|first=Tony|title=Was 'Fight' on TV Real or Staged? It All Depends|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/02/24/arts/was-fight-on-tv-real-or-staged-it-all-depends.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=July 30, 2016))</ref> In response, cast member [[Michael Richards]] walked off camera, returned with a set of cue cards, and dumped them on the table in front of Kaufman, who responded by splashing Richards with water. Coproducer [[Jack Burns]] stormed onto the stage, leading to a fake brawl on camera before the show cut to a commercial.<ref>((cite video|url=http://www.funnyordie.com/videos/544255131b|title=Andy Kaufman on Fridays from FridaysFan|publisher=Funnyordie.com|date=February 11, 2008|access-date=February 10, 2010))</ref>

Richards claimed that what was going to happen was known only to him, Burns and Kaufman,<ref>[http://www.firstamendmentcenter.org/michael-richards-2 "Michael Richards 'Speaking Freely' transcript"] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808113050/http://www.firstamendmentcenter.org/michael-richards-2 |date=August 8, 2014 )); recorded February 28, 2002, in Aspen, Colorado. Firstamendmentcenter.org (February 28, 2002); retrieved October 30, 2016.</ref> but [[Melanie Chartoff]], who played Kaufman's wife in the sketch, said that just before airtime Burns told her, Richards, and [[Maryedith Burrell]] that Kaufman was going to break the [[fourth wall]].<ref name="Chartoff" />

Kaufman appeared the next week in a videotaped "apology" to the home viewers. Later that year, he returned to host ''Fridays''. At one point during the show, he invited ''[[Lawrence Welk Show]]'' singer [[Kathie Sullivan]] to the stage to sing some gospel songs with him and announced that the two were engaged to be married. He then talked to the audience about his newfound faith in Jesus (Kaufman was Jewish), but the scene was a hoax.<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.questia.com/read/1G1-60822022|title=Kaufman Was My Hoax Fiance; The Taxi star pulled some of the funniest stunts on US TV, but his fake engagement fooled the world|last=Burton|first=Alex|date=February 25, 2000|work=[[Daily Record (Scotland)|Daily Record]]|access-date=January 1, 2014|archive-date=December 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212163619/https://www.questia.com/read/1G1-60822022/kaufman-was-my-hoax-fiance-the-taxi-star-pulled-some|url-status=dead))</ref> Later, following a sketch about a drug-abusing pharmacist, instead of introducing [[The Pretenders|Pretenders]], he delivered a nervous speech about the harmfulness of drugs while the band stood behind him ready to play. After his speech, he informed the audience that he had talked too long and that the show needed to pause for a commercial break.((citation needed|date=January 2017))

===Appearances===
Although Kaufman made a name for himself as a guest on [[NBC]]'s ''Saturday Night Live'', his first prime-time appearances were several guest spots as Foreign Man on the [[Dick Van Dyke]] variety show ''[[Van Dyke and Company]]'' in 1976.<ref name="vandyke">((cite news|date=September 20, 1976|last=Sharbutt|first=Jay|title=Van Dyke springs hour of lunacy|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2199&dat=19760920&id=4rYrAAAAIBAJ&pg=6644,3134911|newspaper=Lawrence Journal-World|access-date=August 26, 2016))</ref> He appeared four times on ''[[The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson|The Tonight Show]]'' in 1976–78, with Foreign Man doing his imitation of [[Johnny Carson]]'s sidekick [[Ed McMahon]], with no change in voice: "Ha ha ha. Ha ha ha. How hot ''was'' eet. Ha ha ha." Kaufman also appeared three times on NBC's late-night concert series ''[[The Midnight Special (TV series)|The Midnight Special]]'' in 1972, 1977, and 1981.<ref>((Cite news|url=https://comedy-and-humor.com/andy-kaufman/|title=Andy Kaufman – Comedy and Humor|work=Comedy and Humor|access-date=November 13, 2018|language=en-US))</ref> Kaufman appeared on ''[[The Dating Game]]'' in 1978, in character as Foreign Man, and cried when the bachelorette chose Bachelor #1, protesting that he had answered all the questions correctly.<ref>((Citation|title=Andy Kaufman en The Dating Game (1978) (Subtitulado)|date=April 8, 2016|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dUUZNGbpc84|access-date=November 25, 2017))</ref>

His ''SNL'' appearances started with the [[Saturday Night Live (season 1)|first show, on October 11, 1975]]. He made 16 ''SNL'' appearances in all, doing routines from his comedy act, such as the Mighty Mouse singalong, Foreign Man, and the Elvis impersonation. After he angered the audience with his female-wrestling routine, Kaufman in January 1983 made a pretaped appearance (his 16th) asking the audience if he should ever appear on the show again, saying he would honor their decision. ''SNL'' ran a phone vote, and 195,544 people voted to "Dump Andy" while 169,186 people voted to "Keep Andy".<ref name="passion_tally">((cite video|people=Alan Graham (producer)|date=February 21, 2008|title=The Passion of Andy Kaufman|url=http://www.stickam.com/subcin|format=[[SWF]]|medium=Archive footage|publisher=Subterranean Cinema|access-date=March 20, 2008|time=2:20:00|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005174736/http://www.stickam.com/subcin|archive-date=October 5, 2011))</ref>

During the ''SNL'' episode with the phone poll, many of the cast members stated their admiration for Kaufman's work. After [[Eddie Murphy]] read both numbers, he said, "Now, Andy Kaufman is a friend of mine. Keep that in mind when you call. I don't want to have to punch nobody in America in the face", and [[Mary Gross]] read the Dump Andy phone number at a rate so fast that audiences were unable to catch it. The final tally was read by [[Gary Kroeger]] to a cheering audience. As the credits rolled, announcer [[Don Pardo]] said, "This is Don Pardo saying, 'I voted for Andy Kaufman.'"<ref name="passion">((cite video|people=Alan Graham (producer)|date=February 21, 2008|title=The Passion of Andy Kaufman|url=http://www.stickam.com/subcin|format=[[SWF]]|medium=Archive footage|publisher=Subterranean Cinema|access-date=March 20, 2008|time=2:10:55–2:20:33|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005174736/http://www.stickam.com/subcin|archive-date=October 5, 2011))</ref>

Kaufman made a number of appearances on the daytime edition of ''[[The David Letterman Show]]'' in 1980, and 11 appearances on ''[[Late Night with David Letterman]]'' in 1982–83. He made numerous guest spots on other television programs hosted by or starring celebrities like [[Johnny Cash]] (1979 Christmas special),<ref name="johnny">((cite news|date=December 2, 1979|title=Whole Family Joins Johnny For Special|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1873&dat=19791202&id=DlQgAAAAIBAJ&pg=3718,885757|newspaper=Daytona Beach Morning Journal|access-date=August 26, 2016))</ref> [[Dick Van Dyke]],<ref name="vandyke"/> [[Dinah Shore]],<ref>((cite news|date=November 13, 1979|last=Sasso|first=Joey|title=TV Ticker|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1665&dat=19791113&id=OVgaAAAAIBAJ&pg=5506,2044050|newspaper=The Times-News|access-date=August 26, 2016))</ref> [[Rodney Dangerfield]],<ref>((cite news|date=November 29, 1983|last=Sherwood|first=Rick|title=Dangerfield gets respect|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1454&dat=19831129&id=k0hOAAAAIBAJ&pg=6905,7786640|newspaper=Star-News|access-date=August 26, 2016))</ref> [[Cher]],<ref>((cite news|date=March 7, 1979|last=Winfrey|first=Lee|title=Cher's picking up pieces after 2 broken marriages|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19790307&id=-YgxAAAAIBAJ&pg=6965,3347521|newspaper=[[The Montreal Gazette]]|access-date=August 26, 2016))</ref> [[Dean Martin]],<ref>((cite news|date=June 6, 1974|title="Comedy World" Premieres|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=950&dat=19740606&id=48JaAAAAIBAJ&pg=6976,1711999|newspaper=The Evening Independent|access-date=August 26, 2016))</ref> [[Redd Foxx]],<ref name="nytimesobituary"/> [[Mike Douglas]],<ref name="nytimesobituary"/> [[Dick Clark]],<ref>((cite web|date=November 25, 1978|title=Connie Francis Makes Rare Appearance|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1876&dat=19781125&id=IIYsAAAAIBAJ&pg=4436,5857449|publisher=The Herald-Journal|access-date=August 26, 2016))</ref> and [[Joe Franklin]].<ref>((cite web|date=February 2, 2015|last=Cattuna|first=Emily|title=Remember When: Mourning the loss of radio and TV pioneer Joe Franklin|url=http://www.nj.com/hudson/index.ssf/2015/02/remember_when_mourning_the_loss_of_radio_and_tv_pi.html|website=nj.com|access-date=August 26, 2016))</ref>

He appeared in his first theatrical film, ''[[God Told Me To]]'', in 1976, in which he portrayed a murderous policeman.<ref>((cite news|date=March 14, 2014|last=Dowd|first=A.A.|title=Larry Cohen's God is a deranged God|url=http://www.avclub.com/article/larry-cohens-god-deranged-god-202176|newspaper=A.V. Club|access-date=July 11, 2016))</ref> He appeared in two other theatrical films, including the 1980 film ''[[In God We Tru$t]]'', in which he played a [[televangelist]],<ref>((cite news|date=September 26, 1980|last=Corry|first=John|title=A Monk Meets Huckster and God|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9501EFDE1538F935A1575AC0A966948260|website=The New York Times|access-date=July 11, 2016))</ref> and the 1981 film ''[[Heartbeeps]]'', in which he played a robot.<ref>((cite news|last=Smith|first=Stacy Jenel|date=January 2, 1982|title=Andy Kaufman: His Humor is Frustrating, Strange|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2457&dat=19820101&id=YBlbAAAAIBAJ&pg=4073,453435&hl=en|newspaper=Bangor Daily News|access-date=July 4, 2016))</ref>

[[Laurie Anderson]] worked alongside Kaufman for a time in the 1970s, acting as a sort of "straight man" in a number of his [[Manhattan]] and [[Coney Island]] performances. One of these performances included getting on a ride that people stand in and get spun around. After everyone was strapped in, Kaufman would start saying how he did not want to be on the ride in a panicked tone and eventually cry. Anderson later described these performances in her 1995 album, ''[[The Ugly One with the Jewels]]''.<ref>((cite web|date=January 2012|last=Stern|first=Amanda|title=Laurie Anderson|url=http://www.believermag.com/issues/201201/?read=interview_anderson|publisher=The Believer|access-date=July 11, 2016))</ref>

In 1983, Kaufman appeared on Broadway with [[Deborah Harry]] in the play ''[[Trafford Tanzi|Teaneck Tanzi: The Venus Flytrap]]''.<ref>((cite web|date=November 8, 2007|last=Del Signore|first=John|title=Deborah Harry, Recording Artist|url=http://gothamist.com/2007/11/08/deborah_harry_r.php|publisher=[[Gothamist]]|access-date=July 13, 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160714180040/http://gothamist.com/2007/11/08/deborah_harry_r.php|archive-date=July 14, 2016))</ref><ref>((cite news|date=April 21, 1983|last=Rich|first=Frank|title=Stage: "Teaneck Tanzi", Comedy from Britain|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/04/21/theater/stage-teaneck-tanzi-comedy-from-britain.html|website=The New York Times|access-date=July 13, 2016))</ref> It closed after just two performances.<ref>((cite news|date=April 22, 1983|title="Teaneck Tanzi" Closes|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/04/22/theater/teaneck-tanzi-closes.html|website=The New York Times|access-date=July 13, 2016))</ref><ref>((cite book|date=2016|last=Dietz|first=Dan|title=The Complete Book of 1980s Broadway Musicals|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ux5UCwAAQBAJ&q=dan+dietz+teaneck+tanzi&pg=PA170|isbn=9781442260917|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|access-date=July 13, 2016))</ref>

==Professional wrestling==
[[File:Kaufmanwrestling.jpg|thumb|Kaufman wrestling with [[Debbie Harry]] and [[Caitlin Clarke]] in 1983]]
Inspired by the theatricality of ''[[kayfabe]]'', the staged nature of the sport, and his own tendency to form elaborate hoaxes, Kaufman began [[Intergender wrestling|wrestling women]] during his act and proclaimed himself "Inter-Gender Wrestling Champion of the World", taking on an aggressive and ridiculous personality based on the characters invented by professional wrestlers. He offered a $1,000 prize to any woman who could pin him.<ref>((cite news|date=December 21, 1979|last=Rosenberg|first=Howard|title=Corpus Christi Cosmetician Among Competitors: Woman-Wrestling Comic May Meet Match|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=861&dat=19791221&id=bsJRAAAAIBAJ&pg=6937,5869625&hl=en|newspaper=The Victoria Advocate|access-date=August 3, 2016))</ref><ref>((cite news|date=December 26, 1979|title=Ms. Peckham eyes rematch with Kaufman|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2457&dat=19791226&id=HRBbAAAAIBAJ&pg=3846,4000677&hl=en|newspaper=Bangor Daily News|access-date=August 3, 2016))</ref> He employed performance artist [[Laurie Anderson]], a friend of his, in this act for a while.<ref>Laurie Anderson, ''Stories from the Nerve Bible'' (Perennial 1993)<!-- ISSN/ISBN, page(s) needed --></ref>

Kaufman initially approached the head of the [[WWE|World Wrestling Federation]] (WWF) – now World Wrestling Entertainment or WWE – [[Vince McMahon Sr.]], about bringing his act to the New York wrestling territory.<ref name="apter">((cite web|date=October 21, 2015|last=Johnson|first=Vaughn|title=Bill Apter recounts legendary career in new book|url=http://www.philly.com/philly/blogs/the-squared-circle/Bill-Apter-recounts-legendary-career-in-new-book.html|website=The Philadelphia Inquirer|access-date=July 30, 2016))</ref> McMahon dismissed Kaufman's idea, as the elder McMahon was not about to bring "show business" into his Pro Wrestling society.<ref name="apter"/> Kaufman had by then developed a friendship with wrestling reporter/photographer [[Bill Apter]].<ref name="apter"/> After many discussions about Kaufman's desire to be in the pro wrestling business, Apter called Memphis wrestling icon [[Jerry Lawler|Jerry "The King" Lawler]] and introduced him to Kaufman by telephone.<ref name="apter"/>

Kaufman finally stepped into the ring (in the [[Continental Wrestling Association|Memphis wrestling circuit]]) with a man—Lawler himself.<ref name="cnn2012">((cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/04/07/us/kaufman-lawler-wrestling-match/|title=The Great Ruse: The comedic genius who rocked wrestling|first=Wayne|last=Drash|publisher=CNN|date=April 7, 2012|access-date=April 9, 2012))</ref> Kaufman taunted the residents of Memphis by playing "videos showing residents how to use soap" and proclaiming the city to be "the nation's [[redneck]] capital".<ref name="cnn2012"/> The ongoing Lawler–Kaufman [[feud (professional wrestling)|feud]], which often featured [[Jimmy Hart]] and other [[heel (professional wrestling)|heels]] in Kaufman's corner, included a number of staged "[[List of professional wrestling terms#W|works]]", such as a broken neck for Kaufman as a result of Lawler's [[piledriver (professional wrestling)|piledriver]] and a famous on-air fight on a 1982 episode of ''[[Late Night with David Letterman]]''.<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PmHCx8lCl8Y| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211031/PmHCx8lCl8Y| archive-date=October 31, 2021 | url-status=live|title=kaufman-lawler|publisher=YouTube|date=March 24, 2012|access-date=January 22, 2017))((cbignore))</ref><ref>((cite news|date=July 30, 1982|title=Andy Kaufman in New Fray with Wrestler on TV Show|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/07/30/arts/andy-kaufman-in-new-fray-with-wrestler-on-tv-show.html|website=The New York Times|access-date=July 17, 2016))</ref>

For some time after that first match, Kaufman appeared wearing a neck brace,<ref name="cnn2012"/> insisting that his injuries were much worse than they really were. Kaufman continued to defend the Inter-Gender Championship in the [[Mid-South Coliseum]] and offered an extra prize, other than the $1,000: that if he were pinned, the woman who pinned him would get to marry him and that Kaufman would also shave his head.<ref name="klfeud2">((cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6p5KMZe8n0o| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211031/6p5KMZe8n0o| archive-date=October 31, 2021 | url-status=live|title=The Kaufman Lawler Feud: Chapter 2&nbsp;– The Fourth One| website=YouTube|date=January 13, 2009))((cbignore))</ref>

Eventually it was revealed that the feud and wrestling matches were staged works,<ref>Collins, Scott (November 15, 2013). [http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/tv/showtracker/la-et-st-jerry-lawler-why-his-andy-kaufman-wrestling-match-resonated-20131115-story.html "Jerry Lawler: Why his Andy Kaufman wrestling match still resonates"]. ''Los Angeles Times''.</ref> and that Kaufman and Lawler were friends. This was not disclosed until more than 10 years after Kaufman's death, when the Emmy-nominated documentary ''A Comedy Salute to Andy Kaufman'' aired on [[NBC]] in 1995. [[Jim Carrey]], who revealed the secret, later went on to play Kaufman in the 1999 film ''[[Man on the Moon (film)|Man on the Moon]].'' In a 1997 interview with the ''Memphis Flyer'', Lawler said he had improvised during their first match and the ''Letterman'' incident.

Although officials at St. Francis Hospital stated that Kaufman's neck injuries were real, in his 2002 biography ''It's Good to Be the King ... Sometimes'', Lawler detailed how they came up with the [[List of professional wrestling terms#A|angle]] and kept it quiet. Even though Kaufman's injury was legitimate, the pair exaggerated it. He also said that Kaufman's furious tirade and performance on ''Letterman'' was Kaufman's own idea, including when Lawler slapped Kaufman out of his chair. Promoter [[Jerry Jarrett]] later recalled that for two years he mailed Kaufman payments comparable to what other main-event wrestlers were getting at the time, but Kaufman never deposited the cheques.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.f4wonline.com/component/content/article/27559-sept-24-2012-observer-newsletter-huge-story-on-history-of-jerry-lawler-in-memphis-biggest-matches-and-angles-plus-all-the-news-from-the-past-week-night-of-champions-and-more|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616193621/http://www.f4wonline.com/index.php?option=com_user&view=login&return=aHR0cDovL3d3dy5mNHdvbmxpbmUuY29tL2NvbXBvbmVudC9jb250ZW50L2FydGljbGUvMjc1NTktc2VwdC0yNC0yMDEyLW9ic2VydmVyLW5ld3NsZXR0ZXItaHVnZS1zdG9yeS1vbi1oaXN0b3J5LW9mLWplcnJ5LWxhd2xlci1pbi1tZW1waGlzLWJpZ2dlc3QtbWF0Y2hlcy1hbmQtYW5nbGVzLXBsdXMtYWxsLXRoZS1uZXdzLWZyb20tdGhlLXBhc3Qtd2Vlay1uaWdodC1vZi1jaGFtcGlvbnMtYW5kLW1vcmU=|title=(Title unknown)|publisher=Wrestling Observer Figure Four Online|archive-date=June 16, 2013|access-date=January 28, 2017|url-status=live))((registration required))</ref>

Kaufman appeared in the 1983 film ''[[My Breakfast with Blassie]]'' with professional wrestling personality [[Freddie Blassie|"Classy" Freddie Blassie]]. The film was a parody of the art film ''[[My Dinner with Andre]].'' Lynne Margulies, sister of the film's director, [[Johnny Legend]], appears in it, and became romantically involved with Kaufman.

In 2002, Kaufman became a playable character in the video game ''[[Legends of Wrestling II]]'' and a standard character in 2004's ''[[Showdown: Legends of Wrestling]]''. In 2008, [[Jakks Pacific]] produced for their WWE Classic Superstars toy line an action figure two-pack of Kaufman and Lawler, as well as a separate figure release with a royal blue robe.

On March 20, 2023, Kaufman was announced as the third inductee into the [[WWE Hall of Fame (2023)|2023 WWE Hall of Fame]]. He was inducted by [[Jimmy Hart]].<ref name="WWEHOF">((Cite web |last=Otterson |first=Joe |date=2023-03-20 |title=Andy Kaufman to Be Inducted Into WWE Hall of Fame |url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/andy-kaufman-wwe-hall-of-fame-1235559341/ |access-date=2023-03-20 |website=Variety |language=en-US))</ref>

==Personal life==
Kaufman never married. His daughter, Maria Bellu-Colonna (born 1969), was the child of an out-of-wedlock relationship with a high-school girlfriend and was placed for adoption.<ref>[http://dailyentertainmentnews.com/tv/maria-colonna-kaufman-taxi-actor-andy-kaufmans-real-daughter/ "Maria Colonna Kaufman- Taxi Actor Andy Kaufman's real daughter"]. Daily Entertainment News. November 15, 2013.</ref> Bellu-Colonna learned in 1992 that she was Kaufman's daughter when she traced her biological roots. She soon reunited with her mother, grandfather, uncle, and aunt.<ref>((cite news|url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20105429,00.html|title=Latka's Legacy|work=People|date=April 3, 1995))</ref> Bellu-Colonna's daughter Brittany briefly appeared in ''[[Man on the Moon (film)|Man on the Moon]]'', playing Kaufman's sister Carol as a young child.<ref>((cite news|url=http://www.villagevoice.com/1999-11-09/long-island-voice/waking-andy-kaufman|title=Waking Andy Kaufman|date=November 9, 1999|work=The Village Voice|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724022618/https://www.villagevoice.com/1999-11-09/long-island-voice/waking-andy-kaufman|archive-date=July 24, 2013))</ref>

In December 1969, Kaufman learned [[Transcendental Meditation]] at college.<ref>((cite web|date=May 15, 2014|last=Goldberg|first=Philip|title=Remembering Andy Kaufman 30 Years on|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/philip-goldberg/remembering-andy-kaufman-_b_5332029.html|website=The Huffington Post|access-date=July 6, 2016))</ref> According to a [[British Broadcasting Corporation|BBC]] article, he used the technique "to build confidence and take his act to comedy clubs." For the rest of his life, Kaufman meditated and performed [[yoga]] three hours per day.<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A1043173|title=Andy Kaufman&nbsp;– the Song and Dance Man|publisher=BBC|date=October 1, 2007|access-date=February 10, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100126005056/http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A1043173|archive-date=January 26, 2010|url-status=live))</ref> From February to June 1971, he trained as a teacher of Transcendental Meditation in [[Mallorca]], Spain.((citation needed|date=November 2022))

Lynne Margulies, who met Kaufman during the filming of ''[[My Breakfast with Blassie]]'', was in a relationship with Kaufman from 1982 until his death in 1984.<ref>((cite magazine|url=https://www.newyorker.com/culture/richard-brody/the-creative-genius-both-man-on-the-moon-jim-and-andy-missed| title=The Creative Genius That Both 'Man on the Moon' and 'Jim & Andy' Missed|first= Richard|last= Brody |date=November 20, 2017 | access-date=December 3, 2017| magazine=[[The New Yorker]]))</ref> Margulies later codirected the 1989 Kaufman wrestling compilation ''[[I'm from Hollywood]]'', and published the 2009 book ''Dear Andy Kaufman, I Hate Your Guts!''.<ref>Margulies, Lynne; Zmuda, Bob. ''Dear Andy Kaufman, I Hate Your Guts!'' (December 1, 2009, Process Publishing), a book containing the letters sent to Kaufman challenging him to wrestle.</ref>

Kaufman kept his personal life secret and instead engaged in pranks and stunts to further obscure it, such as claiming in a September 22, 1983, appearance on David Letterman's show to have adopted three sons.

==Illness and death==
((more citations needed section|date=January 2017))
At [[Thanksgiving]] dinner on [[Long Island]] in November 1983, several family members openly expressed worry about Kaufman's persistent coughing. He claimed that he had been coughing for nearly a month, visited his doctor, and was told that nothing was wrong. When he returned to Los Angeles, he consulted another physician and then underwent a series of tests at [[Cedars-Sinai Medical Center]]. A few days later, he was diagnosed with [[Large-cell lung carcinoma|large-cell carcinoma of the lung]], typically associated with smoking.<ref>((cite journal | vauthors = Muscat JE, Stellman SD, Zhang ZF, Neugut AI, Wynder EL | title = Cigarette smoking and large cell carcinoma of the lung | journal = Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention | volume = 6 | issue = 7 | pages = 477–480 | date = July 1997 | pmid = 9232332 ))</ref>

After audiences were shocked by his gaunt appearance during January 1984 performances, Kaufman acknowledged that he had an unspecified illness that he hoped to cure with [[Naturopathy|natural medicine]], including a diet of all fruits and vegetables, among other measures. Kaufman received [[palliative]] [[radiotherapy]], but by then the cancer had spread from his lungs to his brain. His final public appearance was at the premiere of ''My Breakfast With Blassie'' in March 1984, where he appeared thin and with a [[Mohawk hairstyle|mohawk]] hair style (radiation treatments had caused the loss of his hair).<ref>((cite magazine |date=June 4, 1984 |last=Wolmuth |first=Roger |title=Andy Kaufman 1949–1984 (Wayback Machine Archives) |url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20087990,00.html |magazine=People |access-date=October 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131123111626/http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20087990,00.html |archive-date=November 23, 2013 |url-status=dead))</ref>

The next day, Kaufman and Margulies flew to [[Baguio]], Philippines, where, as a last resort, he received treatments of a [[List of topics characterized as pseudoscience#Paranormal and ufology|pseudoscientific procedure]] called [[psychic surgery]] (now recognized as explicitly deceptive [[Quackery|medical fraud]]).

Afterward, Kaufman initially said that he felt better and returned to the U.S., but he died at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles on May 16, 1984, at the age of 35. He is buried in [[Beth David Cemetery]] in [[Elmont, New York]].<ref name="nytimesobituary"/><ref name="clifton"/><ref>((cite news|date=May 16, 2004|last=Carpenter|first=Les|title=Squiggy is in the house: 'Laverne and Shirley' star now M's scout|url=http://old.seattletimes.com/html/sports/2001930270_squiggy16.html|newspaper=[[The Seattle Times]]|access-date=July 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918074900/http://old.seattletimes.com/html/sports/2001930270_squiggy16.html|archive-date=September 18, 2016|url-status=dead))</ref>

===Death-hoax rumors===
[[File:AndyKaufmanDeathCertificate.gif|thumb|upright|Kaufman's death certificate]]
Kaufman often spoke of [[Faked death|faking his own death]] as a grand hoax, with rumors persisting, often fueled by sporadic appearances of Kaufman's character Tony Clifton at comedy clubs after his death.<ref name=CNNdeathhoax>((cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/11/14/showbiz/andy-kaufman-alive-or-not/index.html|title=Andy Kaufman's brother says he is victim of hoax|first=Wayne|last=Drash|publisher=CNN|date=November 15, 2013|access-date=June 23, 2016))</ref> Kaufman's official website describes the faked death story as an "[[urban legend]]" and includes a picture of his death certificate.((citation needed|date=November 2022))

"Clifton" performed a year after Kaufman's death at [[The Comedy Store]] benefit in Kaufman's honor, with members of his entourage in attendance, and during the 1990s made several appearances at Los Angeles nightclubs. [[Jim Carrey]], who portrayed Kaufman in ''Man on the Moon'', stated on the NBC special ''Comedy Salute to Andy Kaufman'' that Bob Zmuda had been performing as the Clifton character.

In 2013, responding to rumors that Kaufman was still alive and following the appearance of an actress who claimed to be Kaufman's daughter, the [[Los Angeles County Coroner|Los Angeles County coroner]]'s office rereleased Kaufman's death certificate to confirm that he was indeed dead and had been interred at [[Beth David Cemetery]].<ref name="TSGDeathCert"/><ref name=CNNdeathhoax/><ref>((cite web|url=http://www.autopsyfiles.org/reports/deathcert/kaufman,%20andy_dc.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005080254/http://www.autopsyfiles.org/reports/deathcert/kaufman,%20andy_dc.pdf |archive-date=2011-10-05 |url-status=live|title=Certificate of Death: Andrew G. Kaufman|website=Autopsyfiles.org|access-date=January 22, 2017))</ref><ref name=smokinggun>((cite web|url=http://www.thesmokinggun.com/buster/actress-in-andy-kaufman-hoax-675432|title=Shocker: Andy Kaufman's "Daughter" Is Actually A New York Actress Whose Real Dad Is A Doctor|publisher=TheSmokingGun.com|date=November 14, 2013|access-date=June 23, 2016))</ref><ref name="LA-times-hoax">((cite web|last1=Blake|first1=Meredith|title=Andy Kaufman's brother now claims he was the victim of a hoax|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2013/nov/15/entertainment/la-et-st-andy-kaufman-hoax-brother-michael-alexandra-tatarsky-20131115|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=November 15, 2013|access-date=February 9, 2016))</ref>

In 2014, Zmuda and Margulies coauthored ''Andy Kaufman: The Truth, Finally'', a book claiming that Kaufman's death was indeed a prank, and that he would soon reveal himself, as his upper limit on the "prank" was 30 years. Kaufman did not reappear.<ref>((cite news|url=https://nypost.com/2014/09/28/why-andy-kaufman-might-still-be-alive|title=Friend: Andy Kaufman is still alive|access-date=October 5, 2014|author=Getlen, Larry|work=New York Post))</ref>

==Legacy and tributes==
Comedian [[Elayne Boosler]], who dated and lived with Kaufman and credits him with encouraging her comedy career, wrote an article for ''[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]'' in November 1984 in his memory.<ref>((cite magazine|date=November 1984|last=Boosler|first=Elayne|title=Andy: A farewell to Andy Kaufman by one who shared the ride|url=http://www.elayneboosler.com/articles|magazine=Esquire|access-date=July 6, 2016))</ref><ref>((cite web|date=January 28, 2000|last=McLellan|first=Dennis|title=Boosler on Kaufman: Funny, Sweet, Bright|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2000/jan/28/local/me-58687|website=Los Angeles Times|access-date=July 6, 2016))</ref> She also dedicated her 1986 [[Showtime (TV network)|Showtime]] special ''Party of One'' to Kaufman.<ref>((cite news|date=October 7, 1986|last=O'Connor|first=John J.|title=2 Comedy Programs, On HBO And Showtime|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/10/07/arts/2-comedy-programs-on-hbo-and-showtime.html|website=The New York Times|access-date=July 27, 2016))</ref> An audio recording of Kaufman offering encouragement to Boosler is featured in the intro.<ref name="boosler">((cite web|title=Andy Kaufman Quotes|url=http://www.andykaufman.com/about/quotes.html|access-date=March 12, 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170104175644/http://www.andykaufman.com/about/quotes.html|archive-date=January 4, 2017))</ref>

In 1992, the band [[R.E.M.]] released the song "[[Man on the Moon (song)|Man on the Moon]]", a tribute to Kaufman.<ref>((cite magazine|date=October 29, 1992|last=Evans|first=Paul|title=Automatic for the People (Review)|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/albumreviews/automatic-for-the-people-19921029|magazine=Rolling Stone|access-date=July 6, 2016))</ref><ref>((cite news|date=October 11, 1992|last=Powers|first=Ann|title=RECORDINGS VIEW; A Weary R.E.M. Seems Stuck in Midtempo|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/10/11/arts/recordings-view-a-weary-rem-seems-stuck-in-midtempo.html|website=The New York Times|access-date=July 30, 2016))</ref> The song's video featured footage of Kaufman.<ref>((cite web|date=July 18, 2009|last=MacLeod|first=Duncan|title=REM Man on the Moon Music Video|url=http://theinspirationroom.com/daily/2009/rem-man-on-the-moon-music-video/|publisher=The Inspiration Room|access-date=July 30, 2016|archive-date=September 10, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160910054711/http://theinspirationroom.com/daily/2009/rem-man-on-the-moon-music-video/|url-status=dead))</ref> On March 29, 1995, NBC aired ''A Comedy Salute to Andy Kaufman''. The special featured clips of many of Kaufman's performances, as well as commentary by some of his friends, family and colleagues.<ref name="beloved">((cite news|date=March 29, 1995|last=O'Connor|first=John J.|title=TELEVISION REVIEW; Andy Kaufman's Beloved Antics|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/03/29/arts/television-review-andy-kaufman-s-beloved-antics.html|website=The New York Times|access-date=July 6, 2016))</ref> During the special, comedian [[Richard Lewis (comedian)|Richard Lewis]] said: "No one has ever done what Andy did, and did it as well, and no one will ever. Because he did it first. So did [[Buster Keaton]], so did Andy."<ref>((cite AV media|type=TV production|title=A Comedy Salute to Andy Kaufman|date=March 29, 1995|publisher=NBC))</ref> [[Carl Reiner]] recalled his distinction in the comedy world:<blockquote>Did Andy influence comedy? No. Because nobody's doing what he did. Jim Carrey was influenced—not to do what Andy did, but to follow his own drummer. I think Andy did that for a lot of people. Follow your own drumbeat. You didn't have to go up there and say "take my wife, please".<ref>A reference to comedian [[Henny Youngman|Henny Youngman's]] most famous one-liner.</ref> You could do anything that struck you as entertaining. It gave people freedom to be themselves.<ref>((Cite news|url=https://www.pcmworldnews.com/news/2013/11/did-you-hear-this-one-about-andy/|title=Did You Hear This One About Andy? – Pop Culture Madness Network News|date=2013-11-15|work=Pop Culture Madness Network News|access-date=2017-09-11|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912060142/https://www.pcmworldnews.com/news/2013/11/did-you-hear-this-one-about-andy/|archive-date=September 12, 2017|url-status=dead))</ref></blockquote>Reiner also said of Kaufman: "Nobody can see past the edges, where the character begins and he ends."<ref>Gardella, Kay (November 28, 1982) [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1915&dat=19821128&id=1QMhAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZnUFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3817,5349494 Andy Kaufman: 'Nobody can see past the edges]. ''New York Daily News''.</ref>

Carrey portrayed Kaufman in the 1999 biopic film ''[[Man on the Moon (film)|Man on the Moon]]'', directed by [[Miloš Forman]]. The film took its title from R.E.M.'s [[Man on the Moon (song)|song of the same name]]. R.E.M. also performed the score for the film and recorded another Kaufman tribute song, "[[The Great Beyond]]".<ref>((cite web|date=March 1, 1999|title=R.E.M. To Score 'Man on the Moon'|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/512511/rem-to-score-man-on-the-moon/|publisher=MTV News|access-date=July 6, 2016))</ref> Carrey's portrayal was met with critical acclaim, earning him a [[Golden Globe Award]] for his performance. Forman named his twin sons Andrew and James after Kaufman and Carrey.<ref>((Cite web | url=http://www.milosforman.com/en/about/biography |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120410073306/http://www.milosforman.com/en/about/biography|archive-date = April 10, 2012|title = About Forman :: Miloš Forman))</ref><ref>((cite news|date=May 25, 2000|title=The best crooner scene: Man on the moon|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2000/may/25/comment|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=July 6, 2016))</ref> In July 2012, Kaufman's play ''Bohemia West'' was staged in [[Providence, Rhode Island]].<ref>((cite news|date=July 11, 2012|last=Scharfenberg|first=David|title=Andy Kaufman's Bohemia West premieres in Providence|url=http://thephoenix.com/boston/news/141309-andy-kaufmans-bohemia-west-premieres-in-providenc/|newspaper=The Boston Phoenix|access-date=September 3, 2016))</ref> Comedian [[Vernon Chatman]] compiled and produced Kaufman's first album, ''[[Andy and His Grandmother]]'', via [[Drag City (record label)|Drag City]] in 2013.<ref>((cite web|date=May 10, 2013|last=Itzkoff|first=Dave|title=Album of Unreleased Andy Kaufman Material Coming in July|url=http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/05/10/album-of-unreleased-andy-kaufman-material-coming-in-july/|website=The New York Times|access-date=July 17, 2016))</ref>

Kaufman is one of the featured celebrities in the 2005 children's book ''Different Like Me: My Book of Autism Heroes''.<ref>Elder, Jennifer; Thomas, Marc (2005), ''Different Like Me: My Book of Autism Heroes'', Jessica Kingsley Publishers.  ((ISBN|1843108151))</ref> Actress [[Cindy Williams]], who was a close friend of Kaufman, devoted an entire chapter of her autobiography, ''Shirley, I Jest!: A Storied Life,'' to him.<ref>((cite web|date=October 6, 2015|title=Interview: Cindy Williams talks Laverne & Shirley, Andy Kaufman and her TV career|url=http://www.metv.com/stories/interview-cindy-williams-shirley-i-jest|publisher=MeTV|access-date=July 6, 2016))</ref><ref>Williams, Cindy (2015), ''Shirley, I Jest!: A Storied Life'', Taylor Trade Publishing. ((ISBN|1630760129))</ref> ''[[The Chris Gethard Show]]'' paid homage to the Kaufman ''Fridays'' incident with comedian Brett Davis throwing water on someone's face.<ref>Wright, Megh. (October 23, 2014) [http://splitsider.com/2014/10/a-rival-public-access-producer-almost-started-a-brawl-on-the-chris-gethard-show/ A Rival Public Access Producer Almost Started a Brawl on ''The Chris Gethard Show''] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025020140/http://splitsider.com/2014/10/a-rival-public-access-producer-almost-started-a-brawl-on-the-chris-gethard-show/ |date=October 25, 2014 )), Splitsider.com; retrieved October 30, 2016.</ref>

A neon likeness of Kaufman is on display at [[The Comedy Store]] in Los Angeles. The club's menu features the Andy Kaufman Special, which consists of "two cookies and a glass of ice cold milk."<ref>[http://www.yellowpages.com/west-hollywood-ca/mip/the-comedy-store-2409536/menu Menu The Comedy Store West Hollywood, CA 90069],  Yellowpages.com; retrieved October 30, 2016.</ref>

The Vic Ferrari Band took its name from Kaufman's ''Taxi'' character.<ref>((cite web|title=Meet Vic Ferrari|url=http://vicferrari.com/band-members/|access-date=November 24, 2016|archive-date=November 25, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161125112205/http://vicferrari.com/band-members/|url-status=dead))</ref><ref>((cite web|date=February 17, 2015|last=Gast|first=Jon|title=Gast: Vic Ferrari Band can't escape the question|url=http://www.greenbaypressgazette.com/story/news/local/door-co/entertainment/2015/02/18/gast-vic-ferrari-band-escape-question/23513345/|publisher=Green Bay Press Gazette|access-date=November 24, 2016))</ref>

According to executive producer [[Bill Oakley]], the 1996 ''[[The Simpsons]]'' episode "[[Bart the Fink]]", in which [[Krusty the Clown]] fakes his death, was partially inspired by the rumors of Kaufman's faked death.<ref name="Oakley">((cite video|people=Oakley, Bill|date=2005|title=The Simpsons season 7 DVD commentary for the episode "Bart the Fink"|medium=DVD|publisher=20th Century Fox))</ref>

[[Al Jean]], cocreator of the animated series ''[[The Critic]]'', has said that the first-season drawing of [[Jon Lovitz]]'s character [[Jay Sherman]] was loosely based on Kaufman.<ref>((cite web|date=November 29, 2016|last=Burns|first=Ashley|title=From Near 'Simpsons' Spinoff To A Check Against Hollywood Ridiculousness: Why 'The Critic' Still Matters|url=http://uproxx.com/tv/the-critic-mike-reiss-al-jean/|publisher=uproxx.com|access-date=November 29, 2016))</ref>

In 2015, a bottled fragrance called Andy Kaufman Milk & Cookies was created.<ref>((cite web|date=October 7, 2015|title=Xyrena Announces Official Andy Kaufman Milk & Cookies Fragrance|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/xyrena-announces-official-andy-kaufman-milk--cookies-fragrance-300155743.html?tc=eml_cleartime|publisher=PR Newswire|access-date=July 3, 2016))</ref><ref>((cite web|date=October 8, 2015|title=There's Andy Kaufman perfume, in case you wanted to smell like Andy Kaufman|url=http://mashable.com/2015/10/08/andy-kaufman-perfume/#lVPuUQa_CPqh|publisher=Mashable.com|access-date=July 3, 2016))</ref>

German filmmaker [[Maren Ade]] has said that her 2016 film ''[[Toni Erdmann]]'', which was nominated for the [[Palme d'Or]] at the [[Cannes Film Festival]], was partially inspired by Kaufman and Tony Clifton.<ref>((cite news|date=May 22, 2016|last=Dargis|first=Manohla|title=The Director of 'Toni Erdmann' Savors Her Moment at Cannes|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/23/movies/the-director-of-toni-erdmann-savors-her-moment-at-cannes.html?_r=0|website=The New York Times|access-date=July 14, 2016))</ref><ref>((cite web|date=May 19, 2016|last=Su|first=Zhuo-Ning|title=Maren Ade on 'Toni Erdmann,' Being Inspired By Andy Kaufman, and Finding a Dramatic Balance|url=https://thefilmstage.com/features/maren-ade-on-toni-erdmann-being-inspired-by-andy-kaufman-and-finding-a-dramatic-balance/|publisher=thefilmstage.com|access-date=July 14, 2016))</ref><ref>((cite web|date=May 12, 2016|last=Roxborough|first=Scott|title=Cannes: 'Toni Erdmann' Director Maren Ade Wants a Subsidy Quota for Women Filmmakers (Q&A)|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/maren-ade-directing-toni-erdmann-893318|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|access-date=July 14, 2016))</ref>

Since 2004, the Andy Kaufman Award competition has been held annually as "a showcase for promising cutting-edge artists with fresh and unconventional material, for those willing to take risks with an audience, and for those who do not define themselves by the typical conventions of comedy."<ref>((cite web|url=http://andykaufmanaward.com/about/|title=The Andy Kaufman Award Website|website=Andykaufmanaward.org|access-date=January 22, 2017))</ref> For the 2015 Andy Kaufman Award show, [[Two Boots]] Pizza created a special Andy Kaufman pizza.<ref>((cite web |date=September 3, 2015 |title=Submissions Now Being Accepted for 2015 Andy Kaufman Award |url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Submissions-Now-Being-Accepted-for-2015-Andy-Kaufman-Award-20150903 |access-date=July 6, 2016 |website=BroadwayWorld.com))</ref>

On June 20, 2019, it was announced that Kaufman would be honored with a posthumous star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] in the television category. He was part of the class of 2020.<ref>((cite magazine|date= June 20, 2019|title=Batman, Julia Roberts, and Spike Lee Among 2020 Wall PF Fame Honorees|url=https://www.variety.com/2019/film/news/2020-walk-of-fame-honorees-batman-julia-roberts-spike-lee-1203249394/amp/|magazine=www.variety.com|access-date=June 24, 2019))</ref>

The Russian band [[Korol' i Shut]] recorded the song "Endi Kaufman" on its album ''[[Teatr Demona]]''.

On March 20, 2023, Kaufman was inducted to the [[WWE Hall of Fame]] as part of the celebrity wing of [[WWE Hall of Fame (2023)|the class of 2023]].<ref name="WWEHOF" />

==Filmography==
===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! class="unsortable" | Notes
! class="unsortable" | ((abbr|Refs.|References))
|-
| 1972
| ''Kennedy at Night''
| Kaufman's first appearance as Elvis
| style="text-align: center;" | 
|-
| 1974
| ''[[The Dean Martin Comedy World]]''
| 1 episode; Kaufman's national television debut
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>((cite news|date=June 6, 1974|last=Holsopple|first=Barbara|title=It's Shocking How Many People Can Not Do Comedy|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1144&dat=19740606&id=7_0eAAAAIBAJ&pg=7282,3379504&hl=en|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|access-date=July 13, 2016))</ref>
|-
| 1974
| ''[[The Joe Franklin Show]]''
| 1 episode
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>((cite web|date=January 19, 2002|last=Brownfield|first=Paul|title=With Strings Attached: A guitar belonging to the late Andy Kaufman is up for auction on EBay, put up by a former New York talk-show host.|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2002/jan/19/entertainment/et-brown19|website=Los Angeles Times|access-date=July 13, 2016))</ref>
|-
| 1975–1983
| ''[[Saturday Night Live]]''
| 16 episodes
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>((cite web|date=March 2, 1986|last=Hill|first=Doug|title=First "Saturday Night Live" was a wacky close call|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1454&dat=19860302&id=zMUsAAAAIBAJ&pg=7110,354848&hl=en|publisher=Sunday Star-News|access-date=July 13, 2016))</ref><ref name="nytimesobituary"/><ref>((cite news|date=May 22, 1984|last=Kornbluth|first=Josh|title=Andy Kaufman, 1949–1984|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1959&dat=19840515&id=PXMhAAAAIBAJ&pg=5386,4583241&hl=en|newspaper=The Boston Phoenix|access-date=July 13, 2016))</ref>
|-
| 1976
| ''Monty Hall's Variety Hour''
| Television film
| style="text-align: center;" |
|-
| 1976–1978
| ''[[The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson]]''
| 6 episodes
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>((cite news|date=March 3, 1977|title=Tonight on Television|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1356&dat=19770303&id=o6VPAAAAIBAJ&pg=4102,789735&hl=en|newspaper=Ocala Star-Banner|access-date=July 13, 2016))</ref> 
|-
| 1976
| ''[[Van Dyke and Company]]''
| 10 episodes
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>((cite web|title=Van Dyke & Company: The Complete Series| date=September 25, 2012 |url=https://www.amazon.com/Dick-Van-Dyke-Company/dp/B008B9JUEY/ref=sr_1_1?s=movies-tv&ie=UTF8&qid=1468477592&sr=1-1&keywords=van+dyke+company|publisher=Amazon|access-date=July 14, 2016))</ref>
|-
| 1977–1978
| ''[[The Mike Douglas Show]]''
| 2 episodes
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref name="nytimesobituary"/>
|-
| 1977–1979
| ''[[Dinah!]]''
| 3 episodes
| style="text-align: center;" | 
|-
| 1978–1981
| ''[[The Midnight Special (TV series)|The Midnight Special]]''
| 3 episodes
| style="text-align: center;" | 
|-
| 1977
| ''[[Stick Around (TV pilot)|Stick Around]]''
| Television film
| style="text-align: center;" |
|-
| 1977
| ''[[The Hollywood Squares]]''
| 1 episode
| style="text-align: center;" |
|-
| 1977
| ''The Redd Foxx Comedy Hour''
| 1 episode
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>((cite web|date=November 3, 1977|title=T.V. Scout|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1979&dat=19771102&id=pYY0AAAAIBAJ&pg=3089,675411&hl=en|publisher=The Sumter Daily Item|access-date=July 13, 2016))</ref>
|-
| 1977
| ''[[On Location (TV series)|On Location]]: Second Annual HBO Young Comedians Show''
|
| style="text-align: center;" | 
|-
| 1978
| ''Variety '77: The Year in Entertainment''
| 
| style="text-align: center;" |
|-
| 1978
| ''Bananaz''
|
| style="text-align: center;" |
|-
| 1978–1983
| ''[[Taxi (TV series)|Taxi]]''
| 114 episodes
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref name="nytimesobituary"/>
|-
| 1978
| ''[[The Dating Game]]''
| As contestant "Baji Kimran"
| style="text-align: center;" |
|-
| 1978
| ''[[Dick Clark's Live Wednesday]]''
| 
| style="text-align: center;" | 
|-
| 1979
| ''Cher...And Other Fantasies''
| 
| style="text-align: center;" |
|-
| 1979
| ''The Lisa Hartman Show''
|
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>((cite web|date=June 30, 1979|last=Harrison|first=Bernie|title=Saturday's Highlights|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1314&dat=19790630&id=ifdLAAAAIBAJ&pg=7010,7282026&hl=en|publisher=The Spokesman Review|access-date=July 13, 2016))</ref>
|-
| 1979
| ''[[The Tomorrow Show]]''
|
| style="text-align: center;" |
|-
| 1979–1982
| ''[[Good Morning America]]''
| 3 episodes
| style="text-align: center;" | 
|-
| 1979
| ''Andy's Funhouse''
| [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] special
| style="text-align: center;" |
|-
| 1979
| ''Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade''
|
| style="text-align: center;" | 
|-
| 1979
| ''A Johnny Cash Christmas''
| Television special
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref name="johnny"/>
|-
| 1979–1981
| ''[[The Merv Griffin Show]]''
| 3 episodes
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>((cite magazine|date=November 11, 2014|last=Battaglio|first=Stephen|title=The Biz: Revisiting The Merv Griffin Show|url=http://www.tvguide.com/news/revisiting-merv-griffin-1089031/|magazine=TV Guide|access-date=July 10, 2016))</ref>
|-
| 1980
| ''Andy Kaufman at Carnegie Hall''
| Documentary
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref name="nytimesobituary"/>
|-
| 1980
| ''Uncle Andy's Funhouse (Buckshot segment)''
| 
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref name="uncleandy"/>
|-
| 1980–1983
| ''[[The David Letterman Show]]''
| 12 episodes
| style="text-align: center;" |
|-
| 1981
| ''[[Fridays (TV series)|Fridays]]''
| 3 episodes
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>((cite web|date=February 28, 1981|title=TV show continues make-believe dispute|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1891&dat=19810228&id=-J8fAAAAIBAJ&pg=3579,4187604&hl=en|publisher=Associated Press/Gadsden Times|access-date=July 12, 2016))</ref><ref>((cite web|date=September 18, 1981|title=Simon, Garfunkel reunite Saturday|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1310&dat=19810918&id=IxVWAAAAIBAJ&pg=5335,5072734&hl=en|publisher=Wire Service Reports/Eugene Register-Guard|access-date=July 12, 2016))</ref><ref>((cite web|date=May 11, 2012|last=McLeod|first=Kembrew|title=Atomic Andy Kaufman: The Comedian That Loved to Bomb|url=http://littlevillagemag.com/atomic-andy-kaufman-the-comedian-that-loved-to-bomb|publisher=Little Village|access-date=July 12, 2016))</ref>
|-
| 1981
| ''Barbara Mandrell and the Mandrell Sisters''
| 
| style="text-align: center;" | 
|-
| 1981
| ''The Slycraft Hour''
| New York City cable access show with Bob Pagani
| style="text-align: center;" | 
|-
| 1981
| ''An Evening at the Improv''
| Host
| style="text-align: center;" | 
|-
| 1982
| ''1981: The Year in Television''
| 
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>((cite web|title=TV GUIDE SPECIAL, THE 3RD ANNUAL: 1981&nbsp;– THE YEAR IN TELEVISION (TV)|url=https://www.paleycenter.org/collection/item/?q=mickey+rooney&p=4&item=T85:0409|publisher=The Paley Center For Media|access-date=July 27, 2016))</ref>
|-
| 1982
| ''The John Davidson Show''
| 1 episode
| style="text-align: center;" | 
|-
| 1982
| ''Hour Magazine''
| 1 episode
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>((cite news|date=May 11, 1982|title=TV listings|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=888&dat=19820511&id=jAIzAAAAIBAJ&pg=6752,3057160&hl=en|newspaper=[[St. Petersburg Times]]|access-date=July 12, 2016))</ref>
|-
| 1982
| ''[[The Fantastic Miss Piggy Show]]''
| Tony Clifton; television special
| style="text-align: center;" | 
|-
| 1982
| ''Catch a Rising Star's 10th Anniversary''
| Television special
| style="text-align: center;" |
|-
| 1983
| ''The Andy Kaufman Show''
| [[PBS]] ''Soundstage''
| style="text-align: center;" | 
|-
| 1983
| ''Superstars of Comedy Salute the Improv''
| Television film
| style="text-align: center;" | 
|-
| 1983
| ''CWA Wrestling''
| 8 episodes
| style="text-align: center;" | 
|-
| 1983
| ''Rodney Dangerfield: I Can't Take It No More''
| Television special
| style="text-align: center;" | 
|-
| 1984
| ''The Top''
| Television film; Kaufman's final television appearance
| style="text-align: center;" |
|}

===Film===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Date
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
! class="unsortable" | ((abbr|Refs.|References))
|-
| 1976
| ''[[God Told Me To]]''
| Police Officer
|
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>((cite web|date=June 22, 2008|last=Pouncey|first=T.E.|title=Conversations with GoD: Larry Cohen|url=http://www.geeksofdoom.com/2008/06/22/conversations-with-god-larry-cohen|publisher=Geeks of Doom|access-date=July 11, 2016))</ref>
|-
| 1980
| ''[[In God We Tru$t]]''
| Armageddon T. Thunderbird
| 
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref name="nytimesobituary"/>
|-
| 1981
| ''[[Heartbeeps]]''
| ValCom-17485
| 
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref name="nytimesobituary"/>
|-
| 1983
| ''[[My Breakfast with Blassie]]''
| Himself
| Final film role
| style="text-align: center;" | 
|-
| 1986
| ''[[Elayne Boosler]]: Party of One''
| Himself
| Archived voice
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref name="boosler"/>
|-
| 1989
| ''[[I'm from Hollywood]]''
| Himself
| Wrestling documentary
| style="text-align: center;" | 
|-
| 1999
| ''[[Man on the Moon (film)|Man on the Moon]]''
| Voice
| Archived singing
| style="text-align: center;" | 
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Jim & Andy: The Great Beyond]]''
| Himself
| Archived footage and singing
| style="text-align: center;" | 
|-
| 2020
| ''Kaufmania''
| Himself
| Archived footage, documentary with [[Fred Willard]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 
|}

===Home media===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Studio
! Formats
|-
| 1979
| ''The Andy Kaufman Special'' <small>(original TV title: ''[[Andy's Funhouse]]'')</small>
| [[Starz Distribution|Starz]]/[[Anchor Bay Entertainment|Anchor Bay]]
| VHS (1998)<ref>((cite web|date=July 19, 2020|title=The Andy Kaufman Special – VHS – KSW Production – 1998|url=https://www.ebay.com/itm/THE-ANDY-KAUFMAN-SPECIAL-VHS-KSW-PRODUCTION-1998-VHS/254191264546|publisher=[[eBay]].com|access-date=February 20, 2021))</ref>
|-
| 1979
| ''The Real Andy Kaufman''
| Eclectic/[[Universal Music Group|Universal Music]]
| DVD (2001)<ref>((cite web|date=November 16, 2004|title=Real Andy Kaufman|url=https://en.imusic.dk/movies/0022891000495/andy-kaufman-1979-real-andy-kaufman-dvd|publisher=[[IMUSIC]]|access-date=February 20, 2021))</ref> / streaming
|-
| 1980
| ''[[Andy Kaufman Plays Carnegie Hall]]''
| [[Showtime (TV network)|Showtime]]/[[Paramount Home Entertainment|Paramount]]
| VHS (2000)<ref>((cite web|date=February 12, 2021|title=Andy Kaufman Plays Carnegie Hall VHS Stand Up Comedy Paramount|url=https://www.ebay.com/itm/Andy-Kaufman-Plays-Carnegie-Hall-VHS-Stand-Up-Comedy-Paramount-/114580482676|publisher=[[eBay]].com|access-date=February 20, 2021))</ref>
|-
| 1981
| ''[[The Midnight Special (TV series)|The Midnight Special]]''
| [[Sony Music Entertainment|SMV]]
| VHS (1999) / DVD (2000)((Citation needed |date=May 2021))
|-
| 1983
| ''[[Soundstage (TV series)|Soundstage]]: The Andy Kaufman Show''
| [[Vestron Video]]/[[Rhino Entertainment|Rhino Theatrical]]
| VHS (1993, 2000) / DVD (2000)((Citation needed |date=May 2021))
|-
| 1989
| ''[[I'm from Hollywood]]''
| Rhino Theatrical
| VHS (1992, 1998, 1999) / DVD (2000, 2007, 2009)
|-
| 1999
| ''Tank You Vedy Much!''
| Inspired Corporation
| VHS<ref>((cite web|date=September 24, 2020|title=Andy Kaufman – Tank You Vedy Much (VHS, 1999, NEW)|url=https://www.ebay.com/itm/Andy-Kaufman-Tank-You-Vedy-Much-VHS-1999-NEW/362161299537|publisher=[[eBay]].com|access-date=February 20, 2021))</ref>
|-
| 1999
| ''[[Biography (TV program)|Biography]]''
| [[A&E Home Video]]
| VHS (2001) / DVD (1999)
|-
| 2008
| ''The Death of Andy Kaufman''
| Wild Eye Releasing
| DVD (2011)<ref>((cite web|date=July 26, 2011|title=Kaufman, Andy – The Death Of Andy Kaufman|url=https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/review/51785|publisher=[[DVD Talk]]|access-date=February 20, 2021))</ref> / streaming (2016)<ref>((cite web|date=December 1, 2016|title=The Death Of Andy Kaufman|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/death_of_andy_kaufman|publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|access-date=February 28, 2021))</ref>
|-
| 2010
| ''World Inter-Gender Wrestling Champion: His Greatest Matches''
| [[Shout! Factory]]
| DVD/streaming<ref>((cite web|date=2010|title=Andy Kaufman World Inter-Gender Wrestling Champion: His Greatest Matches|url=https://letterboxd.com/film/andy-kaufman-world-inter-gender-wrestling-champion-his-greatest-matches/|publisher=[[Letterboxd]]|access-date=February 20, 2021))</ref>
|-
| 2020
| ''Grandma Makes Andy Breakfast''
| AndyKaufman.com
| DVD/download<ref>((cite web|date=2020|title=Andy Kaufman™ – Grandma Makes Andy Breakfast (download)|url=https://andykaufman.com/collections/multimedia/products/andy-kaufman-grandma-makes-andy-breakfast-download|publisher=AndyKaufman.com|access-date=February 28, 2021))</ref>
|-
| 2020
| ''Foreign Man''
| AndyKaufman.com
| DVD/download<ref>((cite web|date=2020|title=Andy Kaufman™ – Foreign Man (download)|url=https://andykaufman.com/collections/multimedia/products/andy-kaufman-foreign-man-download|publisher=AndyKaufman.com|access-date=February 28, 2021))</ref>
|}

==Discography==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Studio
! Formats
|-
| 2013
| ''[[Andy and His Grandmother]]''
| [[Drag City (record label)|Drag City]]
| CD/LP/download((Citation needed |date=May 2021))
|-
| 2020
| ''Conversations with Dad and Grandma''
| AndyKaufman.com
| CD/download<ref>((cite web|date=2020|title=Andy Kaufman™ – Conversations with Dad and Grandma (download)|url=https://andykaufman.com/collections/multimedia/products/andy-kaufman-conversations-with-dad-and-grandma|publisher=AndyKaufman.com|access-date=February 28, 2021))</ref>
|-
| 2020
| ''Speakers' Corner''
| AndyKaufman.com
| CD/download<ref>((cite web|date=2020|title=Andy Kaufman™ – Speakers' Corner (download)|url=https://andykaufman.com/collections/multimedia/products/andy-kaufman-speakers-corner|publisher=AndyKaufman.com|access-date=February 28, 2021))</ref>
|}

==Bibliography==
Three books of Kaufman's writings have been posthumously published:
*((cite book| last=Kaufman|first= Andy |year= 1999|title= The Huey Williams Story|publisher= Zilch Publishing|isbn= 9781930410008)), a novel
*((cite book| last=Kaufman|first= Andy |year=2000|title=God...and Other Plays|publisher= Zilch Publishing|isbn=1930410018)), the script for a one-man play Kaufman did in college
*((cite book| last=Kaufman|first= Andy |year=2000|title=Poetry and Stories|publisher= Zilch Publishing|isbn=1930410034)), a collection of his adolescent writings

==See also==
* [[List of Jewish professional wrestlers]]

==References==
((Reflist))

==Further reading==
* Zehme, Bill (1999), ''Lost in the Funhouse: The Life and Mind of Andy Kaufman'', Delacorte Press. ((ISBN|978-0-385-33371-9))
* Zmuda, Bob; Hansen, Matthew Scott (1999), ''[[Andy Kaufman Revealed!]]: Best Friend Tells All'', Back Bay Books. ((ISBN|0-316-61098-4))
* Hecht, Julie (2001), ''[[Was This Man a Genius?]] Talks with Andy Kaufman'', Vintage Books. ((ISBN|0-375-50457-5))
* Keller, Florian (2005), ''Andy Kaufman: Wrestling with the American Dream'', University Of Minnesota Press. ((ISBN|0816646031))
* Zoglin, Richard (2008), ''Comedy at the Edge: How Stand-up in the 1970s Changed America'', Bloomsbury USA. ((ISBN|1582346240))
* Margulies, Lynne; Zmuda, Bob (2009), ''Dear Andy Kaufman, I Hate Your Guts!'', Process. ((ISBN|1934170089))
* [[William Knoedelseder|Knoedelseder, William]] (2009), ''I'm Dying Up Here: Heartbreak and High Times in Stand-Up Comedy's Golden Era'', PublicAffairs. ((ISBN|158648317X))
* Margulies, Lynne; Zmuda, Bob (2014), ''Andy Kaufman, The Truth Finally'', BenBella Books. ((ISBN|9781940363059))

==External links==
((sisterlinks|d=Q299983|s=no|wikt=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|species=no|n=no|c=Category:Andy Kaufman))
* ((Curlie|Arts/People/K/Kaufman%2C_Andy/))
* ((IMDb name|0001412))
* ''The New Yorker'', November 22, 1999, Issue. "[https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1999/11/22/was-this-man-a-genius Was This Man a Genius? A Year with Andy Kaufman, the Consummate Straight Man.]" by Julie Hecht
* ''The Village Voice'', November 9, 1999, Issue. "[https://www.villagevoice.com/1999/11/09/waking-andy-kaufman/ Waking Andy Kaufman.]" by Bill Jensen
*[https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/andy-kaufman-beyond-laughter-52592/ Dave Hirshey, "Andy Kaufman: Beyond Laughter"; Rolling Stone, April 30, 1981.]
* ((Professional wrestling profiles))

((Andy Kaufman|state=expanded))
((Performance art))
((WWE Hall of Fame|2020s))
((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Kaufman, Andy))
[[Category:Andy Kaufman| ]]
[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Category:1984 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century American comedians]]
[[Category:20th-century American male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from New York City]]
[[Category:American male comedians]]
[[Category:American male film actors]]
[[Category:American male television actors]]
[[Category:American performance artists]]
[[Category:American male professional wrestlers]]
[[Category:Jewish professional wrestlers]]
[[Category:Death conspiracy theories]]
[[Category:Deaths from lung cancer in California]]
[[Category:Elvis impersonators]]
[[Category:Jewish American male actors]]
[[Category:People from Long Island]]
[[Category:First Family (professional wrestling) members]]
[[Category:American sketch comedians]]
[[Category:Burials at Beth David Cemetery]]
[[Category:Comedians from New York City]]
[[Category:John L. Miller Great Neck North High School alumni]]
[[Category:Jewish American comedians]]
[[Category:Jewish male comedians]]
[[Category:Jewish singers]]
[[Category:Professional wrestlers from New York City]]
[[Category:Singers from New York City]]
[[Category:WWE Hall of Fame inductees]]
[[Category:Grahm Junior College alumni]]

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