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Eleanor of Viseu
Queen consort of Portugal
Tenure28 August 1481 – 25 October 1495
Tenure11 November 1477 – 15 November 1477
Born2 May 1458
Beja, Portugal
Died17 November 1525(1525-11-17) (aged 67)
Palace of Xabregas, Lisbon
Burial
Convent of the Mother of God
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1470; died 1495)​
Issue
Detail		Afonso, Prince of Portugal
HouseAviz
FatherFerdinand, Duke of Viseu
MotherBeatrice of Portugal
SignatureEleanor of Viseu's signature

Eleanor of Viseu (2 May 1458 – 17 November 1525; Portuguese: Leonor de Viseu [liuˈnoɾ ðɨ viˈzew]) was a Portuguese infanta (princess) and later queen consort of Portugal. She is considered one of her country's most notable queens consort and one of the only two who were not foreigners. To distinguish her from other infantas of the same name, she is commonly known as Eleanor of Viseu (after her father's title) or Eleanor of Lancaster (Lancaster, a name used by some Portuguese royals after her great-grandmother Queen Philippa of Lancaster). In Portugal, she is known universally as Rainha Dona Leonor.

Family

Eleanor was a daughter of Infante Fernando, Duke of Viseu, and his wife and cousin Beatrice of Portugal. Her maternal grandparents were Infante João of Portugal and his wife and niece Isabel of Barcelos.

Eleanor's sister Isabel of Viseu married Fernando II of Braganza, who was later accused of and executed for treason by Eleanor's husband King John II. Eleanor's older brother Diogo, Duke of Viseu, was also involved in activities that John II considered treasonous and was executed by the king himself. Her younger brother succeeded John II as King Manuel I of Portugal.

Marriage

Queen Eleanor of Portugal statue in Beja

Eleanor married John, Prince of Portugal, on 22 January 1470. She thereby became the Princess of Portugal. The bride was eleven years old, and the groom was fourteen years old. Her spouse was the only living son of Afonso V of Portugal and Isabel of Coimbra and heir apparent to the Portuguese throne. Eleanor and John spent a lot of their childhood together and were good friends.

Queen consort

On 28 August 1481, Eleanor's father-in-law died, and her husband became John II of Portugal, thus she became the new queen consort. The queens consort of Portugal were awarded fiefs and villages to grant them independent incomes, and Eleanor was granted Silves e Faro and Terras de Aldeia Galega e Aldeia Gavinha for this purpose.

She founded what became the city of Caldas da Rainha, which was named in her honor ("rainha" means "queen" in Portuguese).

Eleanor and John II survived both their sons. Eleanor opposed the wish of her spouse to have his illegitimate son recognized as heir to the throne and appealed to the Pope, who sided with her and had her brother Manuel recognized as the heir of her husband.

John II died on 25 October 1495; the hypothesis of poisoning was never ruled out.

Queen dowager

The Arrival of D. Leonor with the Relics of Santa Auta at Madre de Deus by Cristóvão de Figueiredo.

After her brother Manuel I succeeded to the throne in 1495, Eleanor moved to the palace of Xabregas, where she hosted the royal court and continued to be socially active. For a short period between 1500 and 1502, Eleanor's brother Manuel found himself childless, and Eleanor herself became the heir to the throne. As she had no children, she declined to make the oath as an heir in favour of her sister Isabel.

Eleanor was extremely wealthy and used much of her money for charity. In 1498, she spearheaded the creation of the Santa Casa da Misericórdia as confraternities with humanitarian purposes, especially the care of the poor, the sick, and abandoned children. The original foundations survive today, and more have since been founded in other towns and cities of Portugal and in the Portuguese colonies.

Eleanor is also credited with having introduced the printing press to Portugal, when she commissioned a translation of Vita Christi into Portuguese.[1] When the first of its four volumes were published in 1502, it became the first book to be printed in Alcalá de Henares.[1]

Eleanor supported the foundation of the Hospital Real de Todos-os-Santos (All Saints' Royal Hospital) in Lisbon, considered the best in contemporary Europe. She also founded the convent Madre de Deus (1509), considered a great architectural work, where she spent many of her later years, dressed almost as a nun.

Issue

Name Birth Death Notes
Prince Afonso 18 May 1475 13 July 1491 Prince of Portugal. Died in a horse riding accident, leading to the accession of his uncle Manuel I.
Stillborn 1483 1483 Stillborn son, born in 1483.

Ancestry

Sources

  1. ^ a b Luttikhuizen, Frances (2016). Underground Protestantism in Sixteenth Century Spain. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. p. 30. ISBN 9783647551104.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Stephens, Henry Morse (1903). The story of Portugal. G.P. Putnam's Sons. pp. 125, 139, 303. ISBN 9780722224731.
  3. ^ a b "Leonora of Aragon (1405–1445)". Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia. Gale Research. Retrieved 11 July 2018.
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Eleanor of Viseu House of AvizCadet branch of the House of BurgundyBorn: 2 May 1458 Died: 17 November 1525 Portuguese royalty Preceded byJoanna la Beltraneja Queen consort of Portugal 1477 – 1477 Succeeded byJoanna la Beltraneja Queen consort of Portugal 1481 – 1495 Succeeded byIsabella of Aragon
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