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Gbari
Native toNigeria
RegionAbuja, Kaduna State, Niger State, and Nasarawa State
EthnicityGbagyi people
Native speakers
1,290,000 Gbagyi (2020)[1]
550,000 Gbari (2020)
Niger–Congo?
Language codes
ISO 639-3Either:
gbr – Gbari
gby – Gbagyi
Glottologgbag1256

Gwari is a Nupoid language spoken by the Gbagyi people, which make up over a million people in Nigeria. There are two principal varieties, Gbari (West Gwari) and Gbagyi (East Gwari), which have some difficulty in communication; sociolinguistically they are distinct languages.

Phonology

Vowels
Front Central Back
Close i ĩ u ũ
Mid e ẽ o õ
Open a ã
Gbagyi consonants[2]
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Labial-
velar 		Glottal
Nasal m n (ɲ) (ŋ)
Stop/
Affricate 		voiceless p t (t͡ʃ) k k͡p
voiced b d (d͡ʒ) g ɡ͡b
Fricative voiceless f s (ʃ) h
voiced v z (ʒ)
Approximant central (ɹ) j w
lateral l
Gbari consonants[3][2]
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Labial-
velar 		Glottal
Nasal m n (ɲ) (ŋ)
Stop voiceless p t k k͡p
voiced b d g ɡ͡b
implosive ɓ ɗ
ejective kʼ
Affricate voiceless t͡s (t͡ʃ)
voiced (d͡ʒ)
Fricative voiceless f s (ʃ) h
voiced v z (ʒ)
Approximant central (ɹ) j w
lateral l

Varieties

Gbagye is also known as Gwari-Matai or Gwarin Ngenge, which are recently adopted cover terms.[4]

There are two separate Gbagyi groups living in:[4]

Gbagye is the only Nupoid language that has the bilabial implosive /ɓ/.[4]

Gbagyi (also known as Gwari) is a cover term for all the Gbari-speaking peoples, and includes many varieties.[4]

Gbari-Yama is a cover term used for all southern Gbari dialects. There are two closely related dialects, which are:[4]

Gbedegi is an extinct language (possibly a Nupe dialect) spoken near Mokwa (Nadel 1941).[4]

References

  1. ^ Gbari at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023) Closed access icon
    Gbagyi at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023) Closed access icon
  2. ^ a b c Rosendall, Heidi James (1992). A phonological study of the Gwari Lects. Dallas, Tex.: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
  3. ^ a b Rosendall, Elias Patrick (1998). Aspects of Gbari Grammar. University of Texas at Arlington.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Blench, Roger. 2013. The Nupoid languages of west-central Nigeria: overview and comparative word list.


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