Hungarian Braille
Script type
alphabet
Print basis
Hungarian alphabet
LanguagesHungarian
Related scripts
Parent systems
Braille
  • Hungarian Braille

The braille alphabet used to write Hungarian is based on the international norm for the 26 basic letters of the Latin script. However, the letters for q and z have been replaced, to increase the symmetry of the accented letters of the Hungarian alphabet, which are largely innovative to Hungarian braille.[1][2]

Alphabet

The Hungarian alphabet is:

A Á B C Cs D Dz Dzs E É F G Gy H I Í J K L Ly M N Ny O Ó Ö Ő P (Q) R S Sz T Ty U Ú Ü Ű V (W) (X) (Y) Z Zs

The letters that conform to traditional braille are:

⠁ (braille pattern dots-1)

a
⠃ (braille pattern dots-12)

b
⠉ (braille pattern dots-14)

c
⠙ (braille pattern dots-145)

d
⠑ (braille pattern dots-15)

e
⠋ (braille pattern dots-124)

f
⠛ (braille pattern dots-1245)

g
⠓ (braille pattern dots-125)

h
⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)

i
⠚ (braille pattern dots-245)

j
⠅ (braille pattern dots-13)

k
⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)

l
⠍ (braille pattern dots-134)

m
⠝ (braille pattern dots-1345)

n
⠕ (braille pattern dots-135)

o
⠏ (braille pattern dots-1234)

p
⠗ (braille pattern dots-1235)

r
⠎ (braille pattern dots-234)

s
⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345)

t
⠥ (braille pattern dots-136)

u
⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236)

v
⠺ (braille pattern dots-2456)

w
⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)

x
⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456)

y

The accented vowel letters are derived from their base letters through stretching or reflection as follows. The traditional letter for q (which is not part of the basic Hungarian alphabet) has been reassigned to ö, and an unused pattern has been assigned to ü:

⠁ (braille pattern dots-1)

a
⠑ (braille pattern dots-15)

e
⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)

i
⠕ (braille pattern dots-135)

o
⠟ (braille pattern dots-12345)

ö
⠥ (braille pattern dots-136)

u
⠷ (braille pattern dots-12356)

ü
⠯ (braille pattern dots-12346)

q
⠘ (braille pattern dots-45)

ä
⠈ (braille pattern dots-4)

á
⠡ (braille pattern dots-16)

é
⠌ (braille pattern dots-34)

í
⠪ (braille pattern dots-246)

ó
⠻ (braille pattern dots-12456)

ő
⠬ (braille pattern dots-346)

ú
⠾ (braille pattern dots-23456)

ű

This creates the following symmetrical pattern for the umlauted vowels:

⠟ (braille pattern dots-12345)

ö
⠻ (braille pattern dots-12456)

ő
⠷ (braille pattern dots-12356)

ü
⠾ (braille pattern dots-23456)

ű

(Ä is not part of the basic Hungarian alphabet.)

The consonant digraphs are derived from their base letters as follows. The traditional letter for z has been replaced, and is used for a parenthesis. As with the accented vowels, the majority of digraphs are created through reflection:

⠉ (braille pattern dots-14)

c
⠛ (braille pattern dots-1245)

g
⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)

l
⠝ (braille pattern dots-1345)

n
⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345)

t
⠎ (braille pattern dots-234)

s
⠣ (braille pattern dots-126)

z
⠩ (braille pattern dots-146)

cs
⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456)

gy
⠸ (braille pattern dots-456)

ly
⠫ (braille pattern dots-1246)

ny
⠳ (braille pattern dots-1256)

ty
⠱ (braille pattern dots-156)

sz
⠜ (braille pattern dots-345)

zs
⠩ (braille pattern dots-146)
⠩ (braille pattern dots-146)

ccs
⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456)
⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456)

ggy
⠸ (braille pattern dots-456)
⠸ (braille pattern dots-456)

lly
⠫ (braille pattern dots-1246)
⠫ (braille pattern dots-1246)

nny
⠳ (braille pattern dots-1256)
⠳ (braille pattern dots-1256)

tty
⠱ (braille pattern dots-156)
⠱ (braille pattern dots-156)

ssz
⠜ (braille pattern dots-345)
⠜ (braille pattern dots-345)

zzs

This creates the following pattern among the sibilants:

⠎ (braille pattern dots-234)

s
⠱ (braille pattern dots-156)

sz
⠣ (braille pattern dots-126)

z
⠜ (braille pattern dots-345)

zs

Punctuation

Unlike English or French Braille, Hungarian Braille has separate opening and closing symbols for both parentheses and quotation marks.

⠂ (braille pattern dots-2)

,
⠄ (braille pattern dots-3)

.
⠆ (braille pattern dots-23)

 ;
⠒ (braille pattern dots-25)

 :
⠤ (braille pattern dots-36)

-
⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)
⠄ (braille pattern dots-3)

'
⠢ (braille pattern dots-26)

 ?
⠖ (braille pattern dots-235)

 !
⠦ (braille pattern dots-236)
⠀ (braille pattern blank)
⠴ (braille pattern dots-356)

„     ”
⠮ (braille pattern dots-2346)
⠀ (braille pattern blank)
⠵ (braille pattern dots-1356)

(     )
⠐ (braille pattern dots-5)
⠂ (braille pattern dots-2)

/

Mathematics and computer notation

⠿ (braille pattern dots-123456)

number sign (#)
⠐ (braille pattern dots-5)
⠙ (braille pattern dots-145)

Dollar sign ($)
⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456)
⠚ (braille pattern dots-245)
⠴ (braille pattern dots-356)

percent sign (%)
⠐ (braille pattern dots-5)
⠯ (braille pattern dots-12346)

ampersant (&)
⠖ (braille pattern dots-235)

plus sign (+)
⠔ (braille pattern dots-35)

asterisk / multiplication sign (*)
⠐ (braille pattern dots-5)
⠂ (braille pattern dots-2)

division sign (/)
⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356)

equality sign (=)
⠘ (braille pattern dots-45)

at sign (@)
⠡ (braille pattern dots-16)

backslash (\)
⠐ (braille pattern dots-5)
⠮ (braille pattern dots-2346)

caret (^)
⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)
⠤ (braille pattern dots-36)

underscore (_)
⠈ (braille pattern dots-4)

`
⠐ (braille pattern dots-5)
⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345)

tilde / similarity sign (~)
⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456)
⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236)

paragraph sign (§)
⠰ (braille pattern dots-56)
⠑ (braille pattern dots-15)

euro (€)
⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)
⠔ (braille pattern dots-35)

bullet sign (•)
⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)
⠴ (braille pattern dots-356)

degree (°)

Roman Numerals

the roman numerals use the capital letters of i, v, x, l, c, m

⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)

I
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)

II
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)

III
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236)

IV
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236)

V
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236)
⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)

VI
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236)
⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)

VII
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236)
⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)

VIII
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)

IX
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)

X
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)
⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)

XI
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)
⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)

XX
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)
⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)
⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)

XXI
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)
⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)
⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)

XXX
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)
⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)
⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)
⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)

XXXI
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)
⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)

XL
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)
⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)
⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)

XLI
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)

L
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)
⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)

LI
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)
⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)

LX
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)
⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)
⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)

LXI
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
⠉ (braille pattern dots-14)

C
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
⠉ (braille pattern dots-14)
⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)

CI
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
⠍ (braille pattern dots-134)

M
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
⠍ (braille pattern dots-134)
⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)

MI

Formatting

⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456)

(num.)
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)

(caps)

References