You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 44.211.0.0/16 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪Blablubbs‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider or colocation provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host or colocation provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 10:53, 20 August 2024.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪AntiCompositeNumber‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: Visit the FAQ if you are affected .
- Start of block: 13:55, 18 August 2022
- Expiry of block: 13:55, 18 April 2025
Your current IP address is 44.211.87.112. The blocked range is 44.211.0.0/16. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((short description|King of the Franks from 1137 to 1180))
((other uses|Louis VII (disambiguation)))
((Use British English|date=November 2013))
((Use dmy dates|date=March 2023))
((Infobox royalty
| name         = Louis VII
| title        = 
| more         = france
| image        = Louis 7.jpg
| image_size   = 
| alt          = 
| caption      = Effigy of Louis VII on his seal
| succession   = [[List of French monarchs|King of the Franks]]
| moretext     = ([[Style of the French sovereign|more...]])
| reign        = 1 August 1137 – 18 September 1180
| coronation   = 25 October 1131, [[Reims Cathedral|Reims]]<br/>25 December 1137, [[Bourges]] 
| cor-type1    = [[Coronation#Coronation of the French monarch|Coronation]]
| predecessor1 = [[Louis VI of France|Louis VI]]
| successor1   = [[Philip II of France|Philip II]]
| birth_date   = 1120
| birth_place  = 
| death_date   = 18 September 1180 (aged 59–60)
| death_place  = [[Paris]]
| burial_date  = 
| burial_place = [[Barbeau Abbey]], then (1817) [[Saint-Denis Basilica]]
| spouses      = ((plainlist|
* ((marriage|[[Eleanor of Aquitaine]]|25 July 1137|21 March 1152|end=annulled))
* ((marriage|[[Constance of Castile]]|1154|4 October 1160|end=died))
* ((marriage|[[Adela of Champagne]]|18 October 1160))
))
| issue        = ((plainlist))
* [[Marie of France, Countess of Champagne|Marie, Countess of Champagne]]
* [[Alice of France|Alix, Countess of Blois]]
* [[Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary|Margaret, Queen of England and Hungary]]
* [[Alys of France, Countess of Vexin|Alys, Countess of Vexin]]
* [[Philip II, King of France]]
* [[Agnes of France, Byzantine Empress|Agnes, Byzantine Empress]]
((endplainlist))
| issue-link   = #Marriages and children
| issue-pipe   = Detail...
| house        = [[Capet]]
| father       = [[Louis VI of France]]
| mother       = [[Adelaide of Maurienne]]
| signature    = 
))

'''Louis VII''' (1120 – 18 September 1180), called '''the Younger''', or '''the Young''' (((lang-fr|link=no|le Jeune))), was [[List of French monarchs|King of France]] from 1137 to 1180. He was the son and successor of King [[Louis VI of France|Louis VI]] (hence the epithet "the Young") and married Duchess [[Eleanor of Aquitaine]], one of the wealthiest and most powerful women in western Europe. The marriage temporarily extended the [[Capetian]] lands to the [[Pyrenees]].

During his march, as part of the [[Second Crusade]] in 1147, Louis stayed at the court of King [[Géza II of Hungary]] on the way to [[Jerusalem]]. During his stay in the [[Holy Land]] disagreements with his wife led to a deterioration in their marriage. She persuaded him to stay in [[Principality of Antioch|Antioch]] but Louis instead wanted to fulfil his vows of [[pilgrimage]] to Jerusalem. He was later involved in the failed siege of [[Damascus]] and eventually returned to France in 1149.

Louis' reign saw the founding of the [[University of Paris]]. He and his counsellor Abbot [[Suger]], pushed for greater centralisation of the state and favoured the development of [[French Gothic architecture]], notably the construction of [[Notre-Dame de Paris]].

Louis' marriage was annulled in 1152 after no male heir was produced. Immediately after their annulment, Eleanor married [[Henry II of England|Henry Plantagenet]], [[Duke of Normandy]] and [[Count of Anjou]], to whom she conveyed [[Aquitaine]], which following Henry's ascension to the throne created an Angevin Empire. Later, Louis supported Henry's rebellious sons to foment further disunity in the [[Angevin Empire|Angevin]] realms. Louis went on to marry his second cousin, [[Constance of Castile]], but still failed to produce a male heir. Constance died in childbirth with their second daughter. His third marriage to [[Adela of Champagne]], five weeks after Constance's death, was finally able to give him a son, Philip. Louis died in 1180 and was succeeded by his son [[Philip II of France|Philip II]].

==Early life and education==
Louis was born in 1120,((sfn|Bardot|Marvin|2018|p=2)) the second son of [[Louis VI of France]] and [[Adelaide of Maurienne]].((sfn|Dunbabin|1985|p=383)) The early education of the young Louis anticipated an ecclesiastical career. As a result, he became well learned and exceptionally devout, but his life course changed decisively after the accidental death of his older brother [[Philip of France (1116-1131)|Philip]] in 1131, when Louis unexpectedly became the heir to the throne of France.((sfn|Bardot|Marvin|2018|p=2)) In October 1131, his father had him anointed and crowned by [[Pope Innocent II]] in [[Reims Cathedral]].((sfn|Robinson|1996|p=22))((sfn|Brown|1992|p=43)) He spent much of his youth in [[Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis|Saint-Denis]], where he built a friendship with the abbot Suger, an advisor to his father who also served Louis during his early years as king.

==Early reign==
[[File:Louis7seal.jpg|thumb|[[Equestrian seal|Equestrian image]] of Louis VII on two-sided royal seal. Legend: ET DVX AQVITANORVM.]]

Following the death of Duke [[William X of Aquitaine]], Louis VI moved quickly to have his son married to [[Eleanor of Aquitaine]] (who had inherited William's territory) on 25 July 1137.((sfn|Jones|2012|pp=31–33)) In this way, Louis VI sought to add the large, sprawling territory of the duchy of Aquitaine to his family's holdings in France. On 1 August 1137, shortly after the marriage, Louis VI died, and Louis VII became king. The pairing of the monkish Louis and the high-spirited Eleanor was doomed to failure; she reportedly once declared that she had thought to marry a king, only to find she had married a monk.((sfn|Turner|2009|p=47)) There was a marked difference between the frosty, reserved culture of the northern court in the [[Île-de-France]], where Louis had been raised, and the rich, free-wheeling court life of the Aquitaine with which Eleanor was familiar.((sfn|Jones|2012|pp=31–33)) Louis and Eleanor had two daughters, [[Marie of France, Countess of Champagne|Marie]] and [[Alix of France|Alix]].((sfn|Jones|2012|pp=31–33))

In the first part of his reign, Louis VII was vigorous and zealous in the exercise of his [[prerogative]]s. His accession was marked by no disturbances other than uprisings by the [[Burgess (title)|burgesses]] of [[Orléans]] and [[Poitiers]], who wished to organise [[Medieval commune|communes]]. He soon came into violent conflict with [[Pope Innocent II]], however, when the [[archbishopric of Bourges]] became vacant. The king supported the chancellor Cadurc as a candidate to fill the vacancy against the pope's nominee [[Pierre de la Chatre]], swearing upon relics that so long as he lived, Pierre should never enter Bourges. The pope thus imposed an [[interdict]] upon the king.

Louis VII then became involved in a war with [[Theobald II of Champagne]] by permitting [[Raoul I of Vermandois]], the [[seneschal]] of France, to repudiate his wife, Theobald II's sister, and to marry [[Petronilla of Aquitaine]], sister of the queen of France. As a result, [[Champagne (province)|Champagne]] decided to side with the pope in the dispute over Bourges. The war lasted two years (1142–44) and ended with the occupation of Champagne by the royal army. Louis VII was personally involved in the assault and burning of the town of [[Vitry-en-Perthois]].((sfn|Kaeuper|2016|p=202)) At least 1,500 people who had sought refuge in the church died in the flames.((sfn|Kaeuper|2016|p=202)) Condemned by the ecclesiastical authorities, Louis removed his armies from Champagne and returned them to Theobald. He accepted Pierre de la Chatre as archbishop of Bourges and shunned Raoul and Petronilla. Desiring to atone for his sins, he declared his intention of mounting a crusade on Christmas Day 1145 at Bourges. [[Bernard of Clairvaux]] assured its popularity by his preaching at [[Vezelay]] on Easter 1146.

[[File:II Geza es VII Lajos KK.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|[[Géza II of Hungary]] and Louis VII of France. Image from the Hungarian ''[[Chronicon Pictum]]'' (1358)]]

In the meantime, [[Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou]], completed his conquest of [[Normandy]] in 1144. In exchange for being recognised as Duke of Normandy by Louis, Geoffrey surrendered half of the county of Vexin—a region vital to Norman security—to Louis. Considered a clever move by Louis at the time, it would later prove yet another step towards [[House of Châteaudun|Angevin]] rule.

In June 1147, in fulfillment of his vow to mount the [[Second Crusade]], Louis VII and his queen set out from the [[Basilica of Saint-Denis]], first stopping in [[Metz]] on the overland route to [[Syria]]. Soon they arrived in the [[Kingdom of Hungary]], where they were welcomed by the king [[Géza II of Hungary]], who was already waiting with King [[Conrad III of Germany]]. Due to his good relationships with Louis VII, Géza II asked the French king to be his son [[Stephen III of Hungary|Stephen]]'s godfather. Relations between the kingdoms of France and Hungary remained cordial long after this time: decades later, Louis's daughter [[Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary|Margaret]] was taken as wife by Géza's son [[Béla III of Hungary]].((sfn|Laszlovszky|2016|p=84)) After receiving provisions from Géza, the armies continued the march to the East. Just beyond [[Latakia|Laodicea]] at [[Honaz]], the French army was ambushed by Turks.((sfn|Baldwin|Setton|1969|pp=499, 624, 634)) In the resulting [[battle of Mount Cadmus]], the Turks first bombarded the French with arrows and heavy stones, then swarmed down from the mountains and massacred them. The historian [[Odo of Deuil]] gives this account:
<blockquote>During the fighting the King Louis lost his small and famous royal guard, but he remained in good heart and nimbly and courageously scaled the side of the mountain by gripping the tree roots [...] The enemy climbed after him, hoping to capture him, and the enemy in the distance continued to fire arrows at him. But God willed that his [[cuirass]] should protect him from the arrows, and to prevent himself from being captured he defended the crag with his bloody sword, cutting off many heads and hands.
</blockquote>

[[File:RaymondOfPoitiersWelcomingLouisVIIinAntioch.JPG|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Raymond of Poitiers]] welcoming Louis VII in [[Antioch]] (15th-century illustration)]]

Louis VII and his army finally reached the Holy Land in 1148. His queen Eleanor supported her uncle, [[Raymond of Poitiers]], and prevailed upon Louis to help Antioch against Aleppo. But Louis VII's interest lay in Jerusalem, and so he slipped out of Antioch in secret.((sfn|Hodgson|2007|pp=131–134)) He united with King Conrad III of Germany and King [[Baldwin III of Jerusalem]] to lay [[Siege of Damascus (1148)|siege to Damascus]]; this ended in disaster and the project was abandoned. Louis VII decided to leave the Holy Land, despite the protests of Eleanor, who still wanted to help her doomed uncle Raymond. Louis VII and the French army returned home in 1149.((sfn|Foulet|1922|p=289))

==A shift in the status quo==
The expedition to the Holy Land came at a great cost to the royal treasury and military. It also precipitated a conflict with Eleanor that led to the annulment of their marriage.((sfn|Petit-Dutaillis|1999|p=107)) Perhaps the marriage to Eleanor might have continued if the royal couple had produced a male heir, but this had not occurred.((sfn|Jones|2012|pp=31–33)) The Council of [[Beaugency]] found an exit clause, declaring that Louis VII and Eleanor were too closely related for their marriage to be legal,((sfn|Jones|2012|pp=31–33)) thus the marriage was annulled on 21 March 1152. The pretext of kinship was the basis for annulment, but in fact, it owed more to the state of hostility between Louis and Eleanor, with a decreasing likelihood that their marriage would produce a male heir to the throne of France. On 18 May 1152, Eleanor married the Count of Anjou, the future King Henry II of England. She gave him the duchy of Aquitaine and bore him three daughters and five sons. Louis VII led an ineffective war against Henry for having married without the authorisation of his [[suzerain]]. The result was a humiliation for the enemies of Henry and Eleanor, who saw their troops routed, their lands ravaged, and their property stolen.((sfn|Jones|2012|pp=31–33)) Louis reacted by coming down with a fever and returned to the Île-de-France.

In 1154, Louis VII married [[Constance of Castile]], daughter of King [[Alfonso VII of Castile]].((sfn|Bisson|2009|p=294)) She also failed to supply him with a son and heir, bearing only two daughters, [[Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary|Margaret]]((sfn|Baldwin|2005|p=9)) and [[Alys of France, Countess of Vexin|Alys]].((sfn|Warren|1978|p=26)) By 1157, Henry II of England began to believe that Louis might never produce a male heir, and that the succession of France would consequently be left in question. Determined to secure a claim for his family, he sent his chancellor, [[Thomas Becket]], to press for a marriage between Margaret and Henry's heir, [[Henry the Young King]]. Louis agreed to this proposal, and by the Treaty of Gisors (1158) betrothed the young pair, giving as a [[dowry]] the Norman city of [[Gisors]] and the surrounding county of [[Vexin]].((sfn|Baldwin|2005|p=9))

[[File:Louis VII ristiretki.PNG|thumb|Louis VII receiving clergymen (from the ''[[Grandes Chroniques de France]]'', ((c.)) 1375–1379)]]

Louis VII was devastated when Constance died in childbirth on 4 October 1160. As he was desperate for a son, he married [[Adela of Champagne]] just 5 weeks later. To counterbalance the advantage this would give the king of France, Henry II had the marriage of their children (Henry "the Young King" and Margaret) celebrated at once. Louis understood the danger of the growing Angevin power; however, through indecision and a lack of fiscal and military resources in comparison to Henry II, he failed to oppose Angevin hegemony effectively. One of his few successes was a trip to [[Toulouse]] in 1159 to aid [[Raymond V, Count of Toulouse]], who had been attacked by Henry II: Louis entered into the city with a small escort, claiming to be visiting his sister, the countess. Henry declared that he could not attack the city while his [[liege lord]] was inside, and went home.((sfn|Dunbabin|2007|pp=53–54)) In 1169, Louis was petitioned by the [[bishop of Le Puy]] to stop the Viscount of Polignac from attacking travelers through [[Auvergne]].((sfn|Wolfe|2009|p=20)) The viscount was besieged by Louis at Nonette and the county was turned into a [[prévôt]].((sfn|Wolfe|2009|p=20))

==Diplomacy==
((more citations needed section|date=September 2016))
Louis' reign saw [[Holy Roman Emperor]] [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick I]] press his claims to [[Arles]], in southeastern France. When a [[papal schism]] broke out in 1159, Louis VII took the side of [[Pope Alexander III]], the enemy of Frederick I, and after two comical failures of Frederick I to meet Louis VII at [[Saint-Jean-de-Losne]] (on 29 August and 22 September 1162), Louis VII definitely gave himself up to the cause of Alexander III, who lived at [[Sens]] from 1163 to 1165. In return for his loyal support, the pope bestowed upon Louis the [[Golden Rose]].

[[File:Becket and the kings part - Becket Leaves (c.1220-1240), f. 2v - BL Loan MS 88.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|left|[[Thomas Becket]] leaves Louis VII and Henry II in January 1169, illustration from c. 1220–1240, possibly by [[Matthew Paris]]]]
More important for English history would be Louis's support for Thomas Becket, [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], whom he tried to reconcile with Henry II. Louis sided with Becket as much to damage Henry as out of piety—yet even he grew irritated with the stubbornness of the archbishop, asking when Becket refused Henry's conciliations, "Do you wish to be more than a Saint?"

Louis also tried to weaken Henry by supporting his rebellious sons, and encouraged [[Plantagenet]] disunity by making Henry's sons, rather than Henry himself, the feudal overlords of the Angevin territories in France. But the rivalry among Henry's sons and Louis's own indecisiveness broke up the coalition (1173–1174) between them. Finally, in 1177, the pope intervened to bring the two kings to terms at [[Vitry-en-Perthois]].

In 1165, Louis's third wife bore him a son and heir, [[Philip II of France|Philip]]. Louis had him crowned at [[Reims]] in 1179,((sfn|Bradbury|2007|p=168)) in the Capetian tradition (Philip would in fact be the last king so crowned). Already stricken with paralysis, Louis himself could not be present at the ceremony.((sfn|Bradbury|2007|p=168)) He died on 18 September 1180 in Paris and was buried the next day at [[Barbeau Abbey]],((sfn|Bradbury|2007|p=168)) which he had founded. His remains were moved to the [[Basilica of Saint-Denis]] in 1817.

==Marriages and children==
Louis' children by his three marriages:

With [[Eleanor of Aquitaine]]:((sfn|Kelly|1991|pp=7–8))
* [[Marie of France, Countess of Champagne|Marie]] (1145 – 11 March 1198), married [[Henry I of Champagne]]((sfn|Kelly|1991|p=126))
* [[Alice of France|Alix]] (1151–1197/1198), married [[Theobald V of Blois]]((sfn|Kelly|1991|p=126))

With [[Constance of Castile]]:((sfn|Bisson|2009|p=294))
* [[Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary|Margaret]] (1158 – August/September 1197),((sfn|Baldwin|2005|p=9)) married (1) [[Henry the Young King]];((sfn|Baldwin|2005|p=9)) (2) King [[Béla III of Hungary]]
* [[Alys of France, Countess of Vexin|Alys]] (4 October 1160 – c. 1220),((sfn|Warren|1978|p=26)) engaged to [[Richard I of England]]; she married [[William IV, Count of Ponthieu]]

With [[Adela of Champagne]]:((sfn|Spiegel|1997|p=121))
* [[Philip II of France|Philip II Augustus]] (22 August 1165 – 1223)
* [[Agnes of France, Byzantine Empress|Agnes]] (1171 – after 1204),((sfn|Warren|1977|p=222)) married 1) [[Alexius II Comnenus]] (1180–1183), 2) [[Andronicus I Comnenus]] (1183–1185), then 3) [[Theodore Branas]] (1204)((sfn|Gislebertus of Mons|2005|p=52))

==Fictional portrayals==
Louis is a character in [[Jean Anouilh]]'s 1959 play ''[[Becket]]''. In the [[Becket (1964 film)|1964 film adaptation]] he was portrayed by [[John Gielgud]], who was nominated for the [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor]]. He was also portrayed by [[Charles Kay]] in the 1978 [[BBC]] TV drama series ''[[The Devil's Crown]]''. He has a role in [[Sharon Kay Penman]]'s novels ''[[When Christ and His Saints Slept]]'' and ''[[Devil's Brood]].'' The early part of [[Norah Lofts]]' biography of [[Eleanor of Aquitaine]] deals considerably with Louis VII, seen through Eleanor's eyes and giving her side in their problematic relationship. Louis is one of the main characters in [[Elizabeth Chadwick]]'s novel ''The Summer Queen''.

==References==
((Reflist|30em))
((Wikiquote))
((commons category|Louis VII of France))

==Sources==
((refbegin|30em))
* ((Cite book |last=Baldwin |first=John W. |title=A Companion to Chrétien de Troyes |date=2005 |publisher=DS Brewer |editor-last=Lacy |editor-first=Norris J. |editor-link=Norris J. Lacy |chapter=Chrétien in History |editor-last2=Grimbert |editor-first2=Joan Tasker |authorlink=John W. Baldwin))
* ((Cite book |title=A History of the Crusades |date=1969 |publisher=University of Wisconsin Press |editor-last=Baldwin |editor-first=Marshall W. |volume=One, The First Hundred Years |editor-last2=Setton |editor-first2=Kenneth M. |editor-link2=Kenneth Setton))
* ((Cite book |title=Louis VII and his World |date=2018 |publisher=Brill |editor-last=Bardot |editor-first=Michael L. |editor-last2=Marvin |editor-first2=Laurence W.))
* ((Cite book |last=Bisson |first=Thomas N. |title=The Crisis of the Twelfth Century: Power, Lordship, and the Origins of European Government |date=2009 |publisher=Princeton University Press))
* ((Cite book |last=Bradbury |first=Jim |title=The Capetians: Kings of France 987–1328 |date=2007 |publisher=Hambledon Continuum |authorlink=Jim Bradbury))
* ((Cite book |last=Brown |first=Elizabeth A. R. |title="Franks, Burgundians, and Aquitanians" and the Royal Coronation Ceremony in France |date=1992 |publisher=The American Philosophical Society |isbn=978-0-871-69827-8 |ol=1748828M |authorlink=Elizabeth A. R. Brown))
* ((Cite book |last=Dunbabin |first=Jean |title=France in the Making, 943–1180 |date=1985 |publisher=Oxford University Press |authorlink=Jean Dunbabin))
* ((Cite book |last=Dunbabin |first=Jean |title=Henry II: New Interpretations |date=2007 |publisher=The Boydell Press |editor-last=Harper-Bill |editor-first=Christopher |editor-link=Christopher Harper-Bill |chapter=Henry II and Louis VII |editor-last2=Vincent |editor-first2=Nicholas))
* ((cite book |chapter=Chapter VIII: Literature |first=Lucien |last=Foulet |pages=275-329 |title=Medieval France: A Companion to French Studies |editor-first=Arthur Augustus |editor-last=Tilley |publisher=Cambridge University Press  |year=1922  ))
* ((Cite book |author=Gislebertus of Mons |title=Chronicle of Hainaut |date=2005 |publisher=The Boydell Press |translator-last=Napran |translator-first=Laura))
* ((Cite book |last=Hodgson |first=Natasha |title=Women, Crusading and the Holy Land in Historical Narrative |publisher=Boydell |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-84383-332-1 ))
* ((Cite book |last=Jones |first=Dan |title=The Plantagenets: The Warrior Kings and Queens Who Made England |date=2012 |publisher=Viking Press |isbn=978-0-670-02665-4 |ol=27144084M |authorlink=Dan Jones (writer)))
* ((Cite book |last=Kaeuper |first=Richard W. |title=Medieval Chivalry |date=2016 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |language=en-UK |authorlink=Richard W. Kaeuper))
* ((Cite book |last=Kelly |first=Amy Ruth |title=Eleanor of Aquitaine and the Four Kings |date=1991 |publisher=Harvard University Press |language=en-US))
* ((Cite book |last=Laszlovszky |first=Jozsef |title=Medieval East Central Europe in a Comparative Perspective |date=2016 |publisher=Routledge |editor-last=Jaritz |editor-first=Gerhard |language=en-UK |chapter=Local Tradition or European Patterns? The grave of Gertrude in the Pilis Cistercian Abbey |editor-last2=Szende |editor-first2=Katalin))
* ((Cite book |last=Petit-Dutaillis |first=Charles |title=The Feudal Monarchy in France and England |date=1999 |publisher=Routledge |translator-last=Hunt |translator-first=E. David |authorlink=Charles Petit-Dutaillis))
* ((Cite book |last=Robinson |first=Ian Stuart |title=The Papacy, 1073–1198: Continuity and Innovation |date=1996 |publisher=Cambridge University Press))
* ((Cite book |last=Spiegel |first=Gabrielle M. |title=The Past as Text: The Theory and Practice of Medieval Historiography |date=1997 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |authorlink=Gabrielle M. Spiegel))
* ((Cite book |last=Turner |first=Ralph V. |title=Eleanor of Aquitaine: Queen of France, Queen of England |date=2009 |publisher=Yale University Press))
* ((Cite book |last=Warren |first=Wilfred Lewis |title=Henry II |date=1977 |publisher=University of California Press |authorlink=W. L. Warren))
** ((Cite book |last=Warren |first=Wilfred Lewis |url=https://archive.org/details/kingjohn00wlwa |title=King John |date=1978 |publisher=University of California Press |author-mask=2 |url-access=registration))
* ((Cite book |last=Wolfe |first=Michael |title=Walled Towns and the Shaping of France: From the Medieval to the Early Modern Era |date=2009 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan))
((refend))

((S-start))
((s-hou|[[House of Capet]]||1120|18 September|1180))
((s-reg))
|-
((S-bef|before=[[Louis VI of France|Louis VI]]))
((s-ttl|title=[[King of France]]|regent1=[[Louis VI of France|Louis VI]]|regent2=[[Philip II of France|Philip II]]|years=1131–1180|years1=1131–1137|years2=1179–1180))
((S-aft|after=[[Philip II of France|Philip II]]))
|-
((S-reg|fr))
((S-bef|before=[[Eleanor of Aquitaine|Eleanor]]|as=sole ruler))
((s-ttl|title=[[Duke of Aquitaine]]|regent1=[[Eleanor of Aquitaine|Eleanor]]|years=1137–1152))
((S-aft|after=[[Eleanor of Aquitaine|Eleanor]]|as=sole ruler))
((S-end))

((Monarchs of France))
((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Louis 07 Of France))
[[Category:1120 births]]
[[Category:1180 deaths]]
[[Category:12th-century kings of France]]
[[Category:Christians of the Second Crusade]]
[[Category:House of Capet]]
[[Category:Dukes of Gascony]]
[[Category:Dukes of Aquitaine]]
[[Category:Counts of Poitiers]]
[[Category:Burials at the Basilica of Saint-Denis]]
[[Category:Annulment]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Louis VII of France (edit)
Template:Abbr (view source) (protected)
Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Br separated entries (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:C. (view source) (extended confirmed protected)
Template:Circa (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Cite book (view source) (protected)
Template:Commons category (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:DMCA (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Dated maintenance category (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Dated maintenance category (articles) (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Delink (view source) (protected)
Template:Delink question hyphen-minus (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Endplainlist (view source) (protected)
Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Flatlist (view source) (protected)
Template:Has short description (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Hlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:If both (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:If empty (view source) (protected)
Template:In string (view source) (protected)
Template:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox royalty (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Lang-fr (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:Marriage (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Marriage/doc (edit)
Template:Marriage/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Monarchs of France (edit)
Template:More citations needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:More citations needed section (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Ns has subpages (view source) (protected)
Template:Other uses (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Template:Plainlist (view source) (protected)
Template:Plainlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Refbegin (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Refbegin/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Refend (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Replace (view source) (protected)
Template:S-aft (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:S-aft/check (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:S-aft/filter (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:S-bef (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:S-bef/check (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:S-bef/filter (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:S-end (view source) (protected)
Template:S-hou (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:S-reg (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:S-start (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:S-ttl (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:S-ttl/check (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Template:Sfn (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Template:Side box (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Sister project (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Sp (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Str ≠ len (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Str ≥ len (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Sup (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Template other (view source) (protected)
Template:Tooltip (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Tooltip/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Trim (view source) (protected)
Template:Use British English (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Use dmy dates (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Wdib (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Wikiquote (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:YEAR (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Yesno (view source) (protected)
Template:Yesno-no (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Yesno-yes (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Authority control/auxiliary (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Authority control/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Delink (view source) (protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:EditAtWikidata (view source) (protected)
Module:Footnotes (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Footnotes/anchor id list (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Footnotes/anchor id list/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Footnotes/whitelist (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Format link (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:GetParameters (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote list (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:If empty (view source) (protected)
Module:If preview (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:If preview/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:If preview/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:InfoboxImage (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana languages (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana regions (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana suppressed scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana variants (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:MultiReplace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Ns has subpages (view source) (protected)
Module:Other uses (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:Parameter validation (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Parameter validation/default config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:Separated entries (view source) (protected)
Module:Side box (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Side box/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:String2 (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:Unicode data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:WikidataIB (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WikidataIB/nolinks (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WikidataIB/titleformats (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Louis VII of France.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_VII_of_France"