The emblem of NORAD Tracks Santa
Contact information
StatusOperational December 1–24
Phone877-446-6723
Websitehttps://www.noradsanta.org
Launch dateDecember 1, 1925

NORAD Tracks Santa is an annual Christmas-themed program in which North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) performs the tracking of Santa Claus, who leaves the North Pole to travel around the world on his mission to deliver presents to children every year on Christmas Eve.[1][2][3] The program starts on December 1, but the actual Santa-tracking starts at midnight annually on December 24. It is a community outreach function of NORAD, and has been held annually since 1955.[1]

The program follows the tradition of the September 1897 editorial "Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus" in the New York Sun.[4][5]

History and overview

The 1955 Sears ad with, according to legend, the misprinted telephone number that led to the NORAD Tracks Santa program
Harry Shoup, the Santa Colonel

Origin

On December 24, 1948, the United States Air Force issued a communique claiming that an "early warning radar net to the north" had detected "one unidentified sleigh, powered by eight reindeer, at 14,000 feet [4,300 meters], heading 180 degrees."[6] The Associated Press passed this "report" along to the general public. It was the first time that the United States Armed Forces issued a statement about tracking Santa Claus' sleigh on Christmas Eve, though it was a one-time event, not repeated over the next several years.[6]

The program originated before the actual formation of NORAD, as an annual event on December 24, 1955. According to legend, a Sears department store placed an advertisement in the Colorado Springs newspaper The Gazette, which told children they could place a call to Santa Claus and included the number ME 2-6681.[7] A call allegedly came through to Colorado Springs' Continental Air Defense Command (CONAD) Center as one digit was misprinted.[8]

In some versions of the story, the calls were coming in to the "red telephone" hotline that connected CONAD directly to command authorities at the Strategic Air Command. Colonel Harry Shoup, who was a crew commander on duty, answered the first call and supposedly told his staff to give all children who called in later a made-up "current location" for Santa Claus.[9]

Shoup responded gruffly to one child who called and no additional Santa Claus-related calls came in to CONAD.[6][10] A more accurate description of the events of 1955 appears to be that on November 30, a child trying to reach Santa on a hotline number provided in a Sears advertisement misdialed the number and instead reached Shoup at his desk at CONAD.

However, when a member of Shoup's staff placed a picture of Santa on a board used to track unidentified aircraft that December, Shoup saw a public relations opportunity for CONAD and he asked CONAD's public affairs officer Colonel Barney Oldfield to inform the press that CONAD was tracking Santa's sleigh. In his release to the press, Oldfield added that "CONAD, Army, Navy, and Marine Air Forces will continue to track and guard Santa and his sleigh on his trip to and from the U.S. against possible attack from those who do not believe in Christmas."[6]

Over the following years, the legend of how the annual event originated began to change. By 1961, Shoup's version of the story was that he had not been gruff with the child but instead had identified himself as Santa Claus when he spoke to the child on the phone. Shoup and his family later modified the story further, adding that the child had dialed the "red telephone"—an impossibility, because the hotline was connected with the Strategic Air Command by an enclosed cable, and no one could dial in from the outside—rather than the regular phone on Shoup's desk, that it was a misprint in an advertisement that led the child to call him rather than the child misdialing the number, and that a flood of calls had come in from children on Christmas Eve 1955 rather than from just one child on November 30.[6]

Shoup did not intend to repeat the stunt in 1956, but Oldfield informed him that the Associated Press and United Press International were awaiting reports that CONAD again was claiming to be tracking Santa Claus. Shoup agreed that Oldfield should announce it again, and the annual tradition was born.[6][9]

In 1958, the North America Air Defense Command (NORAD) took over the reporting responsibility from CONAD, and the reporting became more elaborate as the years passed. On December 24, 1960, for example, NORAD's northern command post at Saint-Hubert, Quebec, Canada, provided regular updates of a supposed sleigh operated by "S. Claus" which it identified as "undoubtedly friendly". During the evening, NORAD claimed that the sleigh had made an emergency landing on the ice of Hudson Bay, where Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) interceptor aircraft claimed to have been sent to investigate supposedly discovered Santa bandaging his reindeer Dancer's front foot, after which the RCAF planes were said to have escorted him when he resumed his journey.[6]

Eventually, NORAD, which was renamed the North American Aerospace Defense Command in 1981, openly published a hotline number for the general public to call to get updates on Santa Claus' supposed progress.[6]

Recent history

NORAD volunteers answering phone calls in 2007

NORAD relies on volunteers to make the program possible.[11] Each volunteer handles about 40 telephone calls per hour and the team typically handles more than 12,000 e-mails and more than 70,000 telephone calls from more than two hundred countries and territories. Most of these contacts happen during the twenty-five hours from 2 a.m. on December 24 until 3 a.m. MST on December 25.[9][11] A website called NORADSanta.org was established to allow project access for Internet users.[12] Not only does NORAD simulate the tracking of Santa's sleigh, but it also tells the user the exact amount of presents he is "delivering" at any moment on Christmas Eve. NORAD begins "tracking" at 12:00 a.m. MST, and even provides a depiction of Santa's pre-delivery ritual.[citation needed]

Since December 2007, Google Analytics has been used to analyze website traffic. As a result of this analysis information, the program can project and scale volunteer staffing, telephone equipment, and computer equipment needs for Christmas Eve.[13] Volunteers include NORAD military and civilian personnel.[14][15]

In 2014, NORAD answered more than 100,000 phone calls. In 2015, more than 1,200 U.S. and Canadian military personnel volunteered to staff the phone lines.[6]

In 2018, more than 1,500 volunteers staffed the phone lines despite the shutdown of the US government.[16][17]

In December 2019, the noradsanta.org website received 8.9 million visitors.[18]

In 2020, NORAD announced they would continue the Santa Tracker, despite the COVID-19 pandemic.[19] They would operate with a limited number of volunteers answering calls and some people who try to reach the Santa-tracking hotline would receive an automated message. The 3D depiction of Santa Claus on the tracker showed him wearing a mask while in his sleigh until 2022, where the feature was removed.[citation needed]

Website and other media

Screenshot of the live NORAD Tracks Santa web page, 2023

The NORAD Tracks Santa program has always made use of a variety of media. From the 1950s to 1996, these were the telephone hotline, newspapers, radio, phonograph records, and television. Many television newscasts in North America feature NORAD Tracks Santa as part of their weather updates on Christmas Eve.

Since 1997, the program has had a highly publicized internet presence. As mobile media and social media have become popular and widespread as methods of direct communication, these newer media have also been embraced by the program.[20][21] The layout of the NORAD Tracks Santa website and its web pages have changed from 1997 to the present due to changes in internet technologies, and changes in partners and sponsors for a particular year. In September 2008, NORAD started a Twitter account, @NORADSanta, as part of its social media presence.[22]

Between 2007 and 2008, people who visited the NORAD Tracks Santa site were told they could track Santa in Google Earth.[23] They were given a link to download Google Earth, and then a KMZ file to download. From 2009 to 2011, the tracking in the Google Earth app was moved to the Google Earth Web API on the NORAD Santa website. [24] In 2011, an iOS and Android application was introduced, which features updates and an interactive game similar to the Christmas levels in Angry Birds Seasons, called Elf Toss.[25]

From mid-January until November 30, when one arrives at the NORAD Tracks Santa website, one is greeted with a message to come back on December 1 to track Santa with NORAD. During December, one finds a NORAD Tracks Santa website with all the features available. On Christmas Eve, the NORAD Tracks Santa website videos page is generally updated each hour, when it is midnight in a different time zone. The "Santa Cam" videos show CGI images of Santa flying over famous landmarks. Each video was accompanied by a voice-over until the end of the 2011 season, typically done by NORAD personnel, giving a few facts about the city or country depicted. In 2012, the voice overs were replaced with music done by the US Air Force Band. The voice overs returned in the 2013 season.[26]

Celebrity voice-overs have also been used over the years. For the London "Santa Cam" video, Jonathan Ross did the voice-over for 2005 to 2007 and Ringo Starr narrated the same video in 2003 and 2004.[27][28] In 2002, Aaron Carter provided the voice-over for three videos.[29]

Since 2012, Analytical Graphics, Inc. has used their Cesium platform to build a 3D map for visualizing Santa's location with more accurate global terrain and satellite imagery than before.[30] NORAD reported that for Christmas 2013, it logged 19.58 million unique visitors to its website on Christmas Eve, and 1,200 volunteers answered 117,371 calls. Through social media, it had 146,307 Twitter followers and 1.45 million "likes" on Facebook.[31] That year, NORAD contracted with Bing Maps to provide 2D map tracking, ending a five-year contract with Google.[32]

In 2014, NORAD logged almost 20 million visits to its Santa Tracker.[6]

Sponsorship and publicity

First Lady Michelle Obama reacts while talking on the phone to children across the country as part of NORAD Tracks Santa 2016.

NORAD Tracks Santa relies on corporate sponsorship, and is financed by neither American nor Canadian taxpayers.[11][33][34]

U.S. military units have provided publicity for the program, including the Northeast Air Defense Sector of the New York Air National Guard and the U.S. Naval Reserve Navy Information Bureau (NIB) 1118 at Fort Carson, Colorado,[35][36] as have the Canadian Armed Forces.[37][38][39]

Other U.S. federal agencies, such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), have helped publicize the service.[40][41][42][43][44] Former First Lady Michelle Obama participated in the program from 2009 to 2016, answering phone calls.[45][46]

According to Gerry Bowler, a history professor at the University of Manitoba, the NORAD Tracks Santa program is "one of the few modern additions to the centuries-old Santa Claus story that have stuck." Bowler stated that the program "takes an essential element of the Santa Claus story—his travels on Christmas Eve—and looks at it through a technological lens," therefore bringing the Santa Claus legend into the modern era.[47]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Why we track Santa". NORAD. Archived from the original on December 24, 2011.
  2. ^ "NORAD is Ready to Track Santa's Flight" (Press release). Newsline 360. November 29, 2017. Retrieved December 19, 2018.
  3. ^ Hughes, Trevor (December 23, 2017). "All eyes to the skies to track Santa's Christmas Eve flight". USA Today. Retrieved December 19, 2018.
  4. ^ "Is There a Santa Claus?". NORAD. December 2009. Retrieved December 31, 2009 – via Tobey.com.
  5. ^ "Yes Virginia ..." The Sun. New York. December 21, 2012. Archived from the original on June 16, 2017. Retrieved June 14, 2017.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Appelbaum, Yoni (December 24, 2015). "Yes, Virginia, There Is a NORAD". The Atlantic. Retrieved December 26, 2015.
  7. ^ Kaplan, Karen (December 24, 2015). "How NORAD became the world's official Santa-tracker". Los Angeles Times. Science Now. Retrieved December 29, 2015.
  8. ^ Batz Jr, Bob (December 23, 1999). "Red (suit) alert!". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.
  9. ^ a b c "NORAD Tracks Santa". NORAD. Archived from the original on December 24, 2009.
  10. ^ Novak, Matt (December 23, 2014). "How the U.S. Military Turned Santa Claus into a Cold War Icon". Gizmodo. Paleofuture. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
  11. ^ a b c Terdiman, Daniel (December 24, 2009). "Behind the scenes: NORAD's Santa tracker". CNN. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
  12. ^ "NORAD Tracks Santa". Archived from the original on February 22, 2011. Retrieved November 26, 2006.
  13. ^ Gillis, Jeff (December 9, 2008). "Santa Tracking with NORAD and Google Analytics". Google Analytics. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
  14. ^ "Santa trackers break records for calls, emails". The Denver Post. Associated Press. December 29, 2011. Archived from the original on December 25, 2023.
  15. ^ "NORAD's Santa trackers break own records for calls, emails, Facebook and Twitter followers". The Washington Post. Associated Press. December 29, 2011. Retrieved January 1, 2012.[permanent dead link]
  16. ^ Maxouris, Christina (December 25, 2018). "Government shutdown can't keep NORAD from tracking Santa's journey". CNN. Retrieved July 17, 2019.
  17. ^ Herbert, Geoff (December 25, 2018). "NORAD Santa tracker still following Christmas journey despite government shutdown". Syracuse.com. Retrieved October 21, 2019.
  18. ^ "Noradsanta.org Traffic, Ranking & Marketing Analytics | SimilarWeb". Archived from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved May 26, 2020.
  19. ^ David Williams (November 21, 2020). "Covid-19 won't stop NORAD from tracking Santa's Christmas Eve flight around the world". CNN. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
  20. ^ Franklin, Curt (December 24, 2009). "NORAD Deploys Network For Watching Santa". Network Computing. Archived from the original on January 11, 2010. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
  21. ^ Gordhamer, Soren (February 8, 2010). "5 Levels of Effective Communication in the Social Media Age". Mashable. Retrieved February 10, 2010.
  22. ^ "@NORADSanta". Retrieved December 25, 2015 – via Twitter.
  23. ^ "santa.kmz". Archived from the original on November 21, 2011. Retrieved December 24, 2007.
  24. ^ Martin, Jeffery (December 23, 2009). "This year, Santa is totally plugged in". Google Geo Developers. Retrieved December 24, 2011.
  25. ^ Elliott, Dan (December 22, 2011). "NORAD Santa trackers stand by for another big day". Deseret News. Associated Press. Archived from the original on July 17, 2019. Retrieved July 17, 2019.
  26. ^ Sullivan, Danny (December 23, 2009). "From NORAD Santa Tracker To Twitter: Santa Tracking For Christmas Eve 2009". Search Engine Land. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
  27. ^ Phillips, Michael (December 2, 2003). "'Starr' helps NORAD track Santa". United States Air Force. Archived from the original on May 31, 2016. Retrieved May 30, 2016.
  28. ^ "NORAD Missile Agency Tracks Santa By Satellite". Sky News. December 24, 2007. Archived from the original on February 2, 2013. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
  29. ^ Gelman, Jason (November 25, 2002). "Aaron Carter Named NORAD's Honorary Santa Tracker". Yahoo! News. Archived from the original on November 7, 2012. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
  30. ^ Moore, Vanessa (December 5, 2017). "NORAD Santa Tracker Technology through the Years". Cesium. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
  31. ^ "NORAD Tracks Santa logs 19.58 million web visits". Associated Press. December 27, 2013. Archived from the original on December 18, 2014. Retrieved December 18, 2014.
  32. ^ Blagdon, Jeff (December 19, 2013). "Google keeps tracking Santa despite NORAD's switch to Bing". The Verge. Retrieved December 24, 2013.
  33. ^ Dendy, John B. (December 2000). "Santa Trackers.Org". Airman Magazine. Retrieved December 27, 2013.
  34. ^ Roeder, Tom (December 24, 2007). "NORAD will track Santa's trip". The Gazette. Colorado Springs, CO. Archived from the original on June 14, 2012. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
  35. ^ Davis, Brooke (December 21, 2007). "New York Guardsmen Lend Help to Track Santa's Flight Path". New York State Division of Military & Naval Affairs. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
  36. ^ Brian, Eric; Arnold, Darin (December 24, 2002). "Naval Reservists Support NORAD's Annual Tracks Santa Project". United States Navy. Archived from the original on September 14, 2007. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
  37. ^ Lavallee, David (December 12, 2007). "NORAD getting ready to track Santa". The Maple Leaf. Archived from the original on May 23, 2013. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
  38. ^ Munoz, Alexandre (December 12, 2007). "Land force ready to help too". The Maple Leaf. Archived from the original on July 3, 2013. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
  39. ^ Peterson, Lorinda (December 14, 2005). "Canadian institutions keep us believing in Santa, says Queen's researcher" (Press release). Queen's University. Retrieved December 26, 2011 – via Webwire.com.
  40. ^ Viets, Pat (December 15, 2000). "NOAA to Aid NORAD in Tracking Santa Claus" (Press release). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on May 20, 2015. Retrieved December 27, 2013.
  41. ^ Herring, Kyle; Hawley, Eileen (December 20, 2002). "NASA to Track Santa". NASA. Archived from the original on September 19, 2011. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
  42. ^ Diller, George (December 21, 2006). "NASA's KSC Providing Assistance to Santa on Christmas Eve". NASA. Archived from the original on June 19, 2017. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
  43. ^ Wrublewski, Tom (December 19, 2008). "NORAD Tracks Santa Update". NASA. Archived from the original on September 8, 2009. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
  44. ^ Atkins, William (December 23, 2006). "NORAD and NASA Help Santa Claus Deliver Toys to Children". iTWire. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
  45. ^ Cotton, Anthony (December 24, 2014). "NORAD-calling Santa-trackers receive surprise update from First Lady". The Denver Post. Retrieved January 5, 2015.
  46. ^ Criss, Doug (December 25, 2015). "Where in the world is Santa? Michelle Obama and NORAD know". CNN. Retrieved January 5, 2015.
  47. ^ Elliott, Dan (December 24, 2010). "Secret Santa helper: First lady pitches in with NORAD". NBC News. Associated Press. Retrieved May 30, 2011.

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