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Introduction

Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia የኢትዮጵያ ፌደራላዊ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ (Amharic)
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Anthem: ወደፊት ገስግሺ ፣ ውድ እናት ኢትዮጵያ (English: "March Forward, Dear Mother Ethiopia")

ISO 3166 code	ET

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Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the east and southeast, Kenya to the south, South Sudan to the west, and Sudan to the northwest. Ethiopia covers a land area of 1,112,000 square kilometres (472,000 sq. miles). , it is home to around 128 million inhabitants, making it the 13th-most populous country in the world, the 2nd-most populous in Africa after Nigeria, and the most populated landlocked country on Earth. The national capital and largest city, Addis Ababa, lies several kilometres west of the East African Rift that splits the country into the African and Somali tectonic plates.

Anatomically modern humans emerged from modern-day Ethiopia and set out for the Near East and elsewhere in the Middle Paleolithic period. Southwestern Ethiopia has been proposed as a possible homeland of the Afroasiatic language family. Ethiopia is Africa's oldest independent country and one of the oldest in the world with over 3000 years of history. Apart from a five-year occupation by Mussolini's Italy, Ethiopia has never been colonised. In 980 BC, the Kingdom of D'mt extended its realm over Eritrea and the northern region of Ethiopia, while the Kingdom of Aksum maintained a unified civilization in the region for 900 years. Christianity was embraced by the kingdom in 330, and Islam arrived by the first Hijra in 615. After the collapse of Aksum in 960, the Zagwe dynasty ruled the north-central parts of Ethiopia until being overthrown by Yekuno Amlak in 1270, inaugurating the Ethiopian Empire and the Solomonic dynasty, claimed descent from the biblical Solomon and Queen of Sheba under their son Menelik I. By the 14th century, the empire had grown in prestige through territorial expansion and fighting against adjacent territories; most notably, the Ethiopian–Adal War (1529–1543) contributed to fragmentation of the empire, which ultimately fell under a decentralization known as Zemene Mesafint in the mid-18th century. Emperor Tewodros II ended Zemene Mesafint at the beginning of his reign in 1855, marking the reunification and modernization of Ethiopia. (Full article...)

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Orde Wingate, the Gideon Force commander, talking with Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia

Gideon Force was a small British and African special force, a Corps d’Élite with the Sudan Defence Force, Ethiopian regular forces and Arbegnoch (Amharic for Patriots). Gideon Force fought the Italian occupation in Ethiopia, during the East African Campaign of the Second World War. The leader and creator of the force was Major (later Colonel) Orde Wingate. At its peak, Gideon Force had fifty officers, twenty British NCOs, 800 trained Sudanese troops and 800 part-trained Ethiopian regulars, a few mortars but no artillery and no air support, except for intermittent bombing sorties.

The force operated in difficult country at the end of a long, tenuous supply-line, on which perished nearly all of the 15,000 camels used as beasts of burden. Gideon Force and the Arbegnoch ejected the Italian forces commanded in Ethiopia by General Guglielmo Nasi (the conqueror of British Somaliland). The campaign took six weeks; 1,100 Italian and 14,500 Ethiopian troops were captured along with twelve guns, many machine-guns, rifles, much ammunition and over 200 pack animals. Gideon Force was disbanded on 1 June 1941, Wingate resumed this substantive rank of Major and returned to Egypt, as did many of the troops of Gideon Force, who joined the Long Range Desert Group (LRDG) in the Eighth Army. (Full article...)

List of selected articles
1922 regnal list of Ethiopia 2005 Ethiopian general election 2022 al-Shabaab invasion of Ethiopia Adal Sultanate Addis Ababa Addis Ababa–Djibouti Railway Aeschynomene elaphroxylon Afar Triangle African Union Conference Center and Office Complex Agame Al-Fashaga conflict Aksumite currency Amba Aradam Formation Ambo Mineral Water Antalo Arwadito Attack on the United States embassy in Addis Ababa Australopithecus afarensis Australopithecus deyiremeda Australopithecus garhi Bale Mountains National Park Battle of Adwa Battle of Anchem Battle of Beledweyne (2008) Battle of Chelenqo Battle of Ganale Doria Battle of Gondar Battle of Jilib Battle of Maychew Battle of Wayna Daga Beta Israel Boeing 737 MAX groundings Book of Enoch Borena Zone British expedition to Abyssinia Casualties of the Tigray War China–Ethiopia relations Commission for Organizing the Party of the Working People of Ethiopia Common eland Cyclone Sagar Dedebit Elementary School airstrike Dolo hospital airstrike East African campaign (World War II) Education in Ethiopia Elections in Ethiopia Emperor of Ethiopia Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict Ethio-Djibouti Railways Ethiopia at the 2003 All-Africa Games Ethiopia at the 2006 Winter Olympics Ethiopia at the 2010 Winter Olympics Ethiopia in the Middle Ages Ethiopia–Tigray peace agreement Ethiopian Airlines Ethiopian Airlines Flight 409 Ethiopian aristocratic and court titles Ethiopian chant Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present) Ethiopian highland hare Ethiopian historiography Ethiopian nationality law Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church Ethiopian wolf Ethiopian–Adal War Ethiopians Famines in Ethiopia Fano (militia) Fincha Habera, Ethiopia First Congo War Garima Gospels GDRT Geʽez Geʽez script Gelada Geography of Ethiopia Gurage people Habesh Eyalet Hamar people History of Eritrea History of the Jews in Ethiopia Horn of Africa Ilemi Triangle Injera Insurgency in Ogaden Intercalary month (Egypt) July 2019 Ethiopian Jews protest in Israel Kingdom of Aksum Kingdom of Fazughli KMG Ethiopia Lake Turkana Lalibela Langelurillus rufus List of Boeing 737 MAX groundings List of rulers of the Gibe state of Limu-'Enarya Mexcala macilenta Modern education in Ethiopia Mohamed Abokor Nekemte Nuer people Ogaden War Operation Thunderbolt (1997) Oromo language Oromo Liberation Front P'ent'ay Queen of Sheba Relief Society of Tigray Second Battle of Tembien Siege of Saïo Semitic languages Shabo language Slavery in Ethiopia Soddo Gurage people Soddo language Sof Omar Caves Somali Civil War (2009–present) Somali people Tej Tigray War Tigrayans Tigrinya language Tigrinya verbs Transitional Government of Tigray Tsaliet Urban evolution of Addis Ababa Visa policy of Ethiopia Visa requirements for Ethiopian citizens War crimes in the Tigray War War in Somalia (2006–2009) Welayta people Weldiya–Mekelle Railway Women in Ethiopia Starvin' Marvin

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Field Marshal Robert Cornelis Napier, 1st Baron Napier of Magdala GCB GCSI FRS (6 December 1810 – 14 January 1890) was a British Indian Army officer. He fought in the First Anglo-Sikh War and the Second Anglo-Sikh War before seeing action as chief engineer during the second relief of Lucknow in March 1858 during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. He also served in the Second Opium War as commander of the 2nd division of the expeditionary force which took part in the Battle of Taku Forts, the surrender of Peking's Anting Gate and the entry to Peking in 1860. He subsequently led the punitive expedition to Abyssinia in July 1867, defeating the Emperor Tewodros II of Ethiopia with minimal loss of life among his own forces and rescuing the hostages of Tewodros. (Full article...)

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Abebe Bikila Agitu Ideo Gudeta Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi Alimirah Hanfare Amha Selassie Awol Allo Sophia Bekele Bilal ibn Rabah Zerai Deres Tirunesh Dibaba Sentayehu Ejigu Enbaqom Mulugeta Gebrehiwot Dejen Gebremeskel Haile Gebrselassie Haile Melekot Haile Selassie Sifan Hassan Hayat Ahmed Hamdi Adus Isaac Lij Iyasu Tsegaye Kebede Kristos Samra Hailu Mekonnen Menelik II Tito Minniti Abune Paulos Sa'ad ad-Din II Sabagadis Woldu Mikael Sehul Seifu Mikael Sahle Selassie Susenyos I Tekle Haymanot Modeste Testas Tewodros II Tharbis Tilahun Gizaw Tadese Tola Edemariam Tsega Tsgabu Grmay Luciano Vassallo Walatta Petros Yekuno Amlak Ras Mengesha Yohannes Zewditu

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The following are images from various Ethiopia-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Aksumite currency of the Aksumite king Endubis, 227–35, at the British Museum. (from Ethiopia)
Image 2The Church of Saint George, Lalibela a pilgrimage site for Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church; the site is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site "Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela". (from Ethiopia)
Image 3Sheger Park is the largest park in the country, hosting hundreds of thousands of visitors a year since its opening (from Ethiopia)
Image 4Ethiopian troops sent by the government under the Emperor Haile Selassie I during the Korean War fighting for South Korean independence (from Ethiopia)
Image 5Map of regions and zones of Ethiopia (from Ethiopia)
Image 6Abebe Bikila, Ethiopia's first Olympic gold medalist (from Ethiopia)
Image 7Declining child mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa and Ethiopia since 1950 (from Ethiopia)
Image 8Cultural performance in Addis Ababa (from Ethiopia)
Image 9Köppen climate classification of Ethiopia (from Ethiopia)
Image 10The Addis Ababa Science Museum of Art and Science serves as the country's biggest hub which showcases the country's newest innovations (from Ethiopia)
Image 11The Empire of Axum at its peak in the 6th century. (from Ethiopia)
Image 12Emperor Tewodros II (r. 1855–1868) brought an end to Zemene Mesafint (from Ethiopia)
Image 13House of Peoples' Representatives is the lower house of the Ethiopian Federal Parliamentary Assembly (from Ethiopia)
Image 14This meal consisting of injera and several kinds of wat (stew) is typical of Ethiopian cuisine. (from Ethiopia)
Image 15Ethiopian civil conflict: territorial control as of September 2023 (from Ethiopia)
Image 16Ethiopian Prime Minister Meles Zenawi (bottom row, fourth from left) in G8 Group meeting in 2007 (from Ethiopia)
Image 17The Ethiopian Empire under Emperor Amda Seyon I (from Ethiopia)
Image 18Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed with Russian President Vladimir Putin in 2023 (from Ethiopia)
Image 19An Ethiopian logistics shipping cargo docked at the Red Sea (from Ethiopia)
Image 20The Ethiopian Broadcasting Corporation former headquarters in Addis Ababa (from Ethiopia)
Image 21Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) training under AMISOM, 2021 (from Ethiopia)
Image 22The Axumite stelae in the northern part of Ethiopia, dating well over a thousand years, serve as a remembrance of Ethiopia's past architecture. (from Ethiopia)
Image 23Ethiopian Federal Police vehicles driving through Addis Ababa (from Ethiopia)
Image 24An Orthodox bible dated at least 1,500 years, being the oldest illustrated bible in the world, depicts Corinthian pillars (from Ethiopia)
Image 25A Walia Ibex in Simien Mountains National Park, one of the national symbols of Ethiopia only found in the Northern parts of the country (from Ethiopia)
Image 26Former Prime Minister Meles Zenawi with the 44th U.S President Barack Obama (from Ethiopia)
Image 27Fasil Ghebbi, one of the key castles of the Gondarine period. (from Ethiopia)
Image 28Entrance of Addis Ababa University (from Ethiopia)
Image 29Giyorgis of Segla, prolific religious author in the Late Middle Ages (from Ethiopia)
Image 30Mengistu Haile Mariam was sentenced to death in absentia for committing crimes during his rule (from Ethiopia)
Image 31Development of GDP per capita (from Ethiopia)
Image 32Yared in a piece of 15th century Ethiopian sacred art holding a mequamia (prayer stick) (from Ethiopia)
Image 33Tsegaye Gebre-Medhin in 1980s one of Ethiopia's renowned writers (from Ethiopia)
Image 34A Homo sapiens idaltu hominid skull (from Ethiopia)
Image 35Addis Ababa seen at nighttime, the financial epicenter of the country (from Ethiopia)
Image 36Relief map of Ethiopia (from Ethiopia)
Image 37Peaceful demonstrators in Tigray calling for the full implementation of the 2022 Pretoria Agreement; July 2023 (from Ethiopia)
Image 38The Blue Nile falls during winter provides over 86 percent of the Nile river's water coming from melted snow in the Simien mountains below 0. (from Ethiopia)
Image 39Emperor Haile Selassie I with U.S President Roosevelt during World War II (from Ethiopia)

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Image 1

Haile Selassie I was Ethiopia's regent from 1916 to 1930 and Emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974. The heir to a dynasty that traced its origins to the 13th century, and from there by tradition back to King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba, he is a defining figure in both Ethiopian and African history. Selassie is revered as the religious symbol for God incarnate among the Rastafari movement, whose name comes from Ras (literally "Head," an Ethiopian title equivalent to Duke), and Tafari Makonnen, Selassie's pre-coronation name.

Photo credit: American Colony, Jerusalem
Image 2

The plains zebra (Equus quagga, subspecies Grant's zebra pictured) is the most common and geographically widespread species of zebra. It ranges from the south of Ethiopia through East Africa to as far south as Angola and eastern South Africa. The plains zebra is mid-sized, smaller on average than the other two zebra species, and thick-bodied with relatively short legs. Adults of both sexes can stand from 1.1 to 1.47 m (3.6 to 4.8 ft) high at the shoulder, are 2 to 2.5 m (6.6 to 8.2 ft) long (excluding the tail), and weigh 175 to 387 kg (386 to 853 lb), with males slightly heavier than females.

Photo credit: Muhammad Mahdi Karim
Image 3

The black-chested snake eagle (Circaetus pectoralis) is a large African bird of prey in the family Accipitridae. It resembles other snake eagles and was formerly considered conspecific with the short-toed and Beaudouin's snake eagles, to which it is closely related. As well as feeding on snakes, which may be swallowed while still alive, it feeds on lizards, small mammals, frogs and insects. It typically perches in an elevated position ready to swoop silently to capture its prey, before returning to its perch to eat.

Photo credit: Charles J. Sharp
Image 4

The black-headed lapwing (Vanellus tectus tectus) is a resident breeder located across sub-Saharan Africa, living in locations ranging from Senegal to Ethiopia.

Photo credit: Charles J. Sharp
Image 5

Saint George (died 23 April 303) was a soldier of Cappadocian Greek origin. A member of Roman emperor Diocletian's Praetorian Guard, he was sentenced to death for refusing to recant his Christian faith. He is immortalised in the legend of Saint George and the Dragon and his feast day is celebrated on 23 April. Saint George is claimed as their patron saint by England, Ethiopia, Georgia, Catalonia and several other nation states, as well as by various cities, universities, professions and organisations.

Painting credit: Carlo Crivelli

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... that Asfaw Yemiru's school educated over 120,000 Ethiopian students?
... that the government of Ethiopia's SNNP Region supported local governments calling for a referendum to secede from the region?
... that Tsadkan Gebretensae, one of the top commanders of Tigray forces in the conflict against the Ethiopian government, previously served as chief of staff of the Ethiopian National Defense Force?
... that Aguil Chut-Deng took 22 child refugees from South Sudan to Ethiopia during civil war so that they could attend school?
... that Quintin Johnstone advocated giving control of an American-governed law school to native Ethiopians?
... that when journalist Pierre Nadeau reported on the 1973 famine in Ethiopia, his suggestion for viewers to donate to Oxfam led to an inundation of contributions the next day?

Did you know archive

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In the news

1 March 2024 – War in Amhara: Intense fighting between the Fano militia and the Ethiopian government breaks out in Bahir Dar, the capital of the Amhara Region. (The East African)
23 February 2024 – War in Amhara: An Ethiopian airstrike kills at least 15 people and injures more than 20 others in North Shewa, Ethiopia, with many of the victims fleeing clashes between Fano and the Ethiopian government. (Reuters) (The East African)

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