This article is rated B-class on Wikipedia's content assessment scale. It is of interest to the following WikiProjects: | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
There is an intriguing photograph, and a discussion of some dynamic inefficiencies that may accrue to offshore wind farms, here: Wind Turbines Leave Clouds and Energy Inefficiency in Their Wake, 2010-01-22. I have not put any of this information into the WP article, but it may be appropriate to do so. Importantly, the linked magazine article provides a link to a more exhaustive reliable secondary source, a book, that might be good reading for any editor interested in the topic, and from which one could obtain verifiable citations for any new assertions added to the Offshore wind power article. Cheers. N2e (talk) 01:31, 25 January 2010 (UTC)
I'm moving the following section here because it is poorly sourced, poorly written, and adds little. Johnfos (talk) 00:32, 1 January 2011 (UTC)
Phases
[edit]Planning and permitting
[edit]Important elements:
- Siting (finding a site with i.e. good wind, proximity to onshore transmission capacity, favorable regulatory regime and the right conditions in terms of water depth, soil conditions etc.)
- Preliminary technical plan
- Environmental impact assessment
- Wind measurement
- Applications for various permits required by local authorities
- Communication with the public and stakeholders to ensure support for the plans
- Predictions of the yield of the plant
- Financial modelling
- Financing
In Denmark, many of these phases were deliberately streamlined by authorities in order to minimize hurdles.[1]
In many cases, planning and permitting is done by specialized project development companies that do not intend to own and operate the plant, and that do not have the financial resources to do so. In other cases it is undertaken by utilities or independent power providers ("IPPs").
The planning and permitting phase can cost >$10 million, take 5–7 years and have an uncertain outcome. The industry puts pressure on the governments to improve the processes[2][3], and some governments are responding by streamlining them (e.g., UK, Ontario).
Procurement and construction
[edit]The owner of the wind farm typically procures:
- Wind turbines
- Marine structural elements
- Foundations -- required for fixed-bottom turbines, but not for floating turbines.
- Electrical cables (within the farm and to onshore connection point)
- Offshore Transformer substation(s)
All these items have special requirements for and special challenges in the offshore environment. For instance, turbines are much less accessible when offshore (requiring the use of a service vessel for routine access, and a jackup rig for heavy service such as gearbox replacement), and thus reliability is more important than for an onshore turbine.[4]
Foundations transfer the loads from the turbine into the seabed. Major issues for offshore foundations include the need for special installation vessels and the resultant risk and costs of waiting for weather windows. Technology exists to install without use of offshore crane.[citation needed]
Operations and maintenance
[edit]After commissioning of the offshore wind farm, the operations and maintenance phase commences.
A control center uses weather forecasts to predict electricity generation and interfaces with the Transmission system operator to integrate the electricity into the grid. The control center also monitors and controls the individual turbines and other components of the plant.
A maintenance organization performs maintenance and repairs of the components, spending almost all its resources on the turbines. Access to turbines is by helicopter or service access vessel. Some wind farms located far from possible onshore bases have service teams living on site in offshore accommodation units.[5]
-- Johnfos (talk) 00:32, 1 January 2011 (UTC)
References
btm2010o
was invoked but never defined (see the help page).The article is missing any mention of the deep-water floating wind turbine technology that has moved out of the labs, and small-scale tests, to large-scale (>2 MW) deep-water turbines now completing their second year of tests. This oversight should be, it seems to me, be remedied. I will try to get back here in the near future to fix this. N2e (talk) 18:43, 31 August 2011 (UTC)
Minor point, but as the UK has more offshore wind power than the rest of the world combined, shouldn't the page image be of a UK offshore wind farm, like the London Array?! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.6.102.83 (talk) 23:05, 26 August 2013 (UTC)
An anonymous editor (who is, I'll bet, an electrical engineer) wants to change the title of this article to offshore wind energy - because "power" and "energy" mean different things in technical usage. (Here's an explanation: http://www.homepower.com/power-vs-energy) I would argue that "wind power" has become the generic, generally used term and thus should remain the title of this article regardless of whether you're thinking of instantaneous output or output over time. What do others think? - DavidWBrooks (talk) 18:53, 17 November 2015 (UTC)
Dear Wikipedia colleagues, this article is for average readers, not for electrical engineers. But every reader deserves to be well informed. Energy and power are well defined different terms, also for wind, gas, oil, nuclear fission or anything in the Universe.
Well, one joule of energy released during one second gives only one watt of power, which is easy to understand. You can even feel such power as delicate heat from a one-watt flashlight bulb. It is relatively small power. But if you release the same one joule of energy during one microsecond, then you will get one megawatt of power. However, if a wind turbine can provide one megawatt of continuous power, that means enormous amount of energy during a year, but still only one joule during one microsecond. Energy and power are notoriously confused, because they are closely related to each other. That's all I have to say. The final decision is yours. 85.193.232.158 (talk) 13:55, 18 November 2015 (UTC)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just added archive links to one external link on Offshore wind power. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add ((cbignore))
after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add ((nobots|deny=InternetArchiveBot))
to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.
This message was posted before February 2018. After February 2018, "External links modified" talk page sections are no longer generated or monitored by InternetArchiveBot. No special action is required regarding these talk page notices, other than regular verification using the archive tool instructions below. Editors have permission to delete these "External links modified" talk page sections if they want to de-clutter talk pages, but see the RfC before doing mass systematic removals. This message is updated dynamically through the template ((source check))
(last update: 5 June 2024).
Cheers.—cyberbot IITalk to my owner:Online 01:23, 28 January 2016 (UTC)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just modified 7 external links on Offshore wind power. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
((dead link))
tag to https://www.astandis.at/shopV5/Preview.action;jsessionid=B1F8285709DF6DA00EBD7A2B7A1366DE?preview=&dokkey=353962((dead link))
tag to http://ing.dk/annoncer/redsek/Screening.pdf((dead link))
tag to http://tethys.pnnl.gov/wiki/index.php/Tethys_Home((dead link))
tag to http://FOWIND((dead link))
tag to http://tethys.pnnl.gov/wiki/index.php/Tethys_HomeWhen you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ((Sourcecheck))
).
This message was posted before February 2018. After February 2018, "External links modified" talk page sections are no longer generated or monitored by InternetArchiveBot. No special action is required regarding these talk page notices, other than regular verification using the archive tool instructions below. Editors have permission to delete these "External links modified" talk page sections if they want to de-clutter talk pages, but see the RfC before doing mass systematic removals. This message is updated dynamically through the template ((source check))
(last update: 5 June 2024).
Cheers.—InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) 12:04, 21 July 2016 (UTC)
Right now, in the "Environmental Impact" section of the article, all of the citations link to the Tethys database. However, this website houses many thousands of journal papers / articles, and many of them have nothing to do with the environmental impacts of offshore wind power. Ideally we should see citations that link to specific, relevant papers, not just a place where one can look for papers. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Wiikipedia wii man (talk • contribs) 05:17, 7 November 2016 (UTC)
I changed the section heading to "Future developments" instead of "Vertical Axis Wind turbines" @Ita140188 then reverted this edit. I want to explain my rationale for the change. It seems to heavily overemphasize vertical axis wind turbines to give them their own section. The topic is occasionally discussed at industry conferences, but I'm not aware of any companies seriously developing offshore vertical axis turbines (even in an early phase). There are no demonstrations, and I'm not even aware of any academic work on the topic (although I'm sure some exists somewhere, but this is a topic I spent some time researching and discussing in the past years). So to me to give it a section heading on the same level as two mainstream (or nearly mainstream) technologies is seriously out of balance. I suggest either deleting the info about vertical axis turbines or combining it with other potential future developments. Possums (talk) 15:21, 22 May 2018 (UTC)
would it be appropriate to include a table of national offshore wind targets? 220.244.178.137 (talk) 09:15, 20 August 2024 (UTC)