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((Short description|Eleventh day of the lunar fortnight))
((More citations needed|date=April 2015))
((Use dmy dates|date=March 2020))

'''Ekadashi''' (((Lang-sa|एकादशी|lit=The eleventh day|translit=Ēkādaśī))) is the eleventh [[lunar day]] (''[[tithi]]'') of the waxing (''[[Shukla Paksha|Shukla Pakṣa]])'' and waning (''Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa)'' lunar cycles in a [[Hindu calendar|Vedic calendar]] month.<ref>((Cite news|title=What is Ekadashi? Its types, benefits of Ekadashi fast and foods to be eaten - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/food-news/what-is-ekadashi-its-types-benefits-of-ekadashi-fast-and-foods-to-be-eaten/articleshow/76996495.cms|access-date=2021-04-20|website=The Times of India|language=en))</ref> Ekadashi is popularly observed within [[Vaishnavism]] and [[Shaivism]], two major paths within Sanatan Dharma. Followers offer their worship to the gods [[Vishnu]] and [[Shiva]] by fasting or just symbolically; the idea was always to receive self-discipline and the benefits of fasting and it was connected to the way of life via Sanatam Dharma practices.<ref>((Cite book |last1=Jones |first1=Constance |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OgMmceadQ3gC |title=Encyclopedia of Hinduism |last2=Ryan |first2=James D. |date=2006 |publisher=Infobase Publishing |isbn=978-0-8160-7564-5 |pages=147 |language=en))</ref><ref>((Cite book |last=Melton |first=J. Gordon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KDU30Ae4S4cC |title=Religious Celebrations: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations |date=2011-09-13 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-205-0 |pages=490 |language=en))</ref> 

Within Hinduism, the primary purpose of fasting on ekadashi is to gain control over the mind and bodily senses, and channel it towards spiritual progression. In addition, there are several health benefits linked to fasting.<ref name=":0">((Cite book |last=Fieldhouse |first=Paul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P-FqDgAAQBAJ&dq=ekadashi+encyclopedia&pg=PA189 |title=Food, Feasts, and Faith: An Encyclopedia of Food Culture in World Religions [2 volumes] |date=2017-04-17 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-61069-412-4 |pages=187–190 |language=en))</ref><ref>((Cite book |last=Verma |first=Manish |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z4gzFFLdBoYC&dq=ekadashi+fasting&pg=PA7 |title=Fasts and Festivals of India |date=2013 |publisher=Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd. |isbn=978-81-7182-076-4 |pages=7–9 |language=en))</ref> High protein and carbohydrate-containing foods such as beans and grains are not consumed. Instead, only fruit, vegetables, and milk products are eaten. This period of abstinence starts from sunrise on the day of ekadashi to sunrise on the following day. Rice is not eaten on ekadashi.

The timing of each ekadashi is according to the position of the moon.<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.ekadashi.net/|title=Ekadashi Dates & Fast Breaking Times (Parana) for 2018 - Ekadashi Katha - Ekadashi Svarupa Darsana|website=Ekadashi Svarupa Darsana|language=en-US|access-date=2018-05-30|archive-date=13 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613211308/http://www.ekadashi.net/|url-status=dead))</ref> The Indian calendar marks progression from a full moon to a new moon as divided into fifteen equal arcs. Each arc measures one lunar day, called a ''tithi''. The time it takes the moon to traverse a particular distance is the length of that lunar day. Ekadashi refers to the 11th ''tithi'', or lunar day. The eleventh ''tithi'' corresponds to a precise phase of the waxing and waning moon. In the bright half of the lunar month, the moon will appear roughly 3/4 full on ekadashi, and in the dark half of the lunar month, the moon will be about 3/4 dark on ekadashi.

There are usually 24 ekadashis in a calendar year. Occasionally, there are two extra ekadashis that happen in a [[leap year]]. Each ekadashi day is purported to have particular benefits that are attained by the performance of specific activities.<ref>((cite book |last1=Goswami |first1=Danvir |last2=Das |first2=Kushakrita |date=2010 |title=Sri Garga Samhita |publisher=Rupanuga Vedic College Publishing))</ref>

[[Bhagavata Purana]] (skandha IX, adhyaay 4) notes the observation of ekadashi by [[Ambarisha]], a devotee of Vishnu.<ref>((cite book |last= Prabhupada |first= Bhaktivedanta Swami|author-link= Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada|date= 1995 |title= Srimad Bhagavatam - Canto Nine |location= |publisher= The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust |pages= 85–170 |isbn= 978-81-8957491-8))</ref>

== Legend ==
The story behind ekadashi began with Vishnu sleeping or in a meditative state. A demon, Murdanav, approached and attempted to attack Vishnu. At that time, a beautiful woman sprung forth from Vishnu's 11th sense (often called the "mind"). An infatuated Murdanav asked to marry her, to which she responded that she would agree only if he defeated her in battle. As they fought, Murdanav was eventually killed. Vishnu awoke from his sleep, and blessed the woman by naming her "Ekadashi", and stated that if anyone were to fast on this day, they would be given ''[[moksha]]'' (spiritual liberation).<ref name=":0" /><ref>((Cite web |title=Indriya ((!)) Indian philosophy |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/indriya |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en))</ref> 

==List of ekadashis ==
The table below describes the ekadashis and when they fall in the year.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Vedic lunar month !! Presiding deity !! [[Krishna paksha]] ekadashi !! [[Shukla paksha]] ekadashi  !! 2024 Dates
|-
| [[Chaitra]] (चैत्र, March–April) ||Rama/[[Vishnu]]|| Papavimocani Ekadashi || [[Kamada Ekadashi]] || Papmochani/Papavimocani Ekadashi: April 4-5 <br/>
[[Kamada Ekadashi]]: April 18-19<ref group=Note name=Note01/> (April 17-18 in some traditions)<ref name = "Drikpanchang"/><ref name = "Vrindavan"/>
|-
| [[Vaisakha]] (वैशाख, April–May ) || Madhusudana ([[Vishnu]]) ||[[Varuthini Ekadashi]] || Mohini Ekadashi || [[Varuthini Ekadashi]]: May 3-4 <br/>
Mohini Ekadashi: May 18-19<ref name = "Drikpanchang"/><ref name = "Vrindavan"/>
|-
| [[Jyeshtha]] (ज्येष्ठ, May–June) || Trivikrama ([[Vishnu]]) || Apara Ekadashi || [[Nirjala Ekadashi]] || Vaishnava Apara & Apara Ekadashi: June 2-3 <br/>
[[Nirjala Ekadashi]]: June 17-18<ref name = "Drikpanchang"/><ref name = "Vrindavan"/>

|-
| [[Aashaadha|Ashada]] (आषाढ, June–July) ||[[Vamana]]|| Yogini Ekadashi || [[Shayani Ekadashi]] || Yogini Ekadashi: : July 1-2 <br/>
[[Shayani Ekadashi | Devshayani (Shayani) Ekadashi]]: July 16-17 (July 15-16 in some traditions)<ref name = "Drikpanchang"/><ref name = "Vrindavan"/>
|-
| [[Shravan|Shravana]] (श्रावण,  July–August) || Sridhara || Kamika Ekadashi || [[Shravana Putrada Ekadashi]] || Kamika Ekadashi: July 30-31<ref group=Note name=Note01/> <br/>
[[Shravana Putrada Ekadashi]]: August 15-16<ref group=Note name=Note01/><ref name = "Drikpanchang"/><ref name = "Vrindavan"/>
|-
| [[Bhadrapada]]<br>(भाद्रपद, August–September) || [[Hrishikesha]]<ref>((Cite book|last=N.A|url=http://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12961|title=The Skanda-Purana Part 1|date=1950|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers| location=Delhi|isbn=|pages=154 (18.31–32)))</ref>|| Annada Ekadashi || Parsva Ekadashi || Aja (Annada) Ekadashi: August 29-30<ref group=Note name=Note01/><br/>
Parsva Ekadashi: September 13-14<ref name = "Drikpanchang"/><ref name = "Vrindavan"/>
|-
| [[Ashvin|Ashvina]] (अश्विन्, September–October) || Padmanabha || Indra Ekadashi<ref>((Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/events/indira-ekadashi-2019-date-times-puja-vidhi-shubh-mahurat-and-all-you-need-to-know/articleshow/71277619.cms|title=Indira Ekadashi 2019: Date, Times, Puja Vidhi, Shubh Mahurat and all you need to know - Times of India|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-12-27))</ref>|| Pasankusa Ekadashi || Indira (Indra) Ekadashi: September 27-28<ref group=Note name=Note01/><br/>
Papankusha Ekadashi: October 13-14<ref name = "Drikpanchang"/><ref name = "Vrindavan"/>
|-
| [[Kartika (month)|Kartik]] (कार्तिक, October–November) || [[Damodar (name of Krishna)|Damodara]] || Rama Ekadashi<ref>((Cite web|url=https://khabar.ndtv.com/news/faith/rama-ekadashi-2019-date-time-siginificance-shubh-muhurat-puja-vidhi-vrat-katha-and-lakshmi-puja-2121181|title=Rama Ekadashi 2019: आज है रमा एकादशी, जानिए शुभ मुहूर्त, पूजा विधि, व्रत कथा और महत्‍व|last=|first=|date=|website=NDTVIndia|trans-title=Rama Ekadashi 2019- Date, Time, Significance, Auspicious Time, Puja Vidhi, Vrat Katha and Lakshmi-Puja|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023234325/https://khabar.ndtv.com/news/faith/rama-ekadashi-2019-date-time-siginificance-shubh-muhurat-puja-vidhi-vrat-katha-and-lakshmi-puja-2121181 |archive-date=23 October 2019 |access-date=2019-12-27))</ref>||[[Prabodhini Ekadashi]] || Rama Ekadashi: October 27-28<ref group=Note name=Note01/> <br/>
[[Prabodhini Ekadashi | Devutthana Ekadashi]]: November 11-12<ref name = "Drikpanchang"/><ref name = "Vrindavan"/>
|-
| [[Agrahayana|Margashirsha(Agrahayana)]]<br>(मार्गशीर्ष, November–December) || [[Keshava]]  || Utpanna Ekadashi || [[Mokshada Ekadashi]]/[[Vaikunta Ekadashi|Vaikuntha Ekadashi]] || Utpanna Ekadashi: November 26-27<ref group=Note name=Note01/> <br/>
[[Mokshada Ekadashi | Mokshada]] & [[Vaikuntha Ekadashi | Guruvayur(Vaikuntha) Ekadashi]]: December 11-12<ref name = "Drikpanchang"/><ref name = "Vrindavan"/>
|-
| [[Pausha]] (पौष, December–January) ||[[Narayana]] (Vishnu/Krishna) || Saphala Ekadashi || [[Pausha Putrada Ekadashi]]/[[Vaikunta Ekadashi|Vaikuntha Ekadashi]] || Saphala Ekadashi: January 7-8 (January 11-12 in Eastern Traditions) <br/>
[[Pausha Putrada Ekadashi]]: January 20-21<ref name = "Drikpanchang"/><ref name = "Vrindavan">((Cite web |title=Vraj Vrindavan - Ekadashi Dates |url=https://vrajvrindavan.com/ekadashi-dates/ |website=Vraj Vrindavan |access-date= ))</ref>

|-
| [[Magha (month)|Magha]] (माघ, January–February) || [[Madhava (Vishnu)|Madhava]]|| Shattila Ekadashi || Bhaimi Ekadashi / Jaya Ekadashi || Shattila Ekadashi: February 5-6<ref group=Note name=Note01/> <br/>  Bhaimi/Jaya Ekadashi: February 19-20<ref name = "Drikpanchang"/><ref>((Cite web |title=Drik Panchang - Bhaimi Ekadashi Date and Parana Time |url=https://www.drikpanchang.com/iskcon/ekadashi/bhaimi/bhaimi-ekadashi-date-parana-time.html |website=Drik Panchang |access-date= ))</ref><ref>((Cite web |title=Hare Krishna Calendar - Bhaimi Ekadashi 2023 |url=https://harekrishnacalendar.com/vaishnava-calendar/bhaimi-ekadashi-2023/ |website=Hare Krishna Calendar |date=9 October 2019 |access-date= ))</ref><ref name = "Vrindavan"/>
 
|-
| [[Phalgun]]a (फाल्गुन, February–March) ||[[Govinda]] ([[Krishna]]) || Vijaya Ekadashi || [[Amalaki Ekadashi]] || Vaishnava Vijaya & Vijaya Ekadashi: March 6-7 (March 4-5 in some traditions)<ref group=Note name=Note01/> <br/>
[[Amalaki Ekadashi]]: March 20-21<ref name = "Drikpanchang">((Cite web |title=Drik Panchang - Ekadashi Dates |url=https://www.drikpanchang.com/vrats/ekadashidates.html |website=Drik Panchang |access-date= ))</ref><ref name = "Vrindavan"/>

|-
| Adhika month<br>(अधिक, once in 2–3 years) ||[[Adhik Maas|Purushottama]]|| Padmini Vishuddha Ekadashi || Parama Shuddha Ekadashi || 
|}

==See also==
* [[Guruvayur Ekadasi]]
* [[Amavasya]]

==Notes==
((reflist|group=Note|refs=
<ref name=Note01>Fasting may begin several days before</ref>
))
==References==
*Gangadharan, N., ''Agni Purana'', New Delhi: Motilala Banarsidass, 1985, Chapter 178.
*Iyer, N.P. Subramania, Kalaprakasika: ''The standard book on the election (mahoortha) system: with the original text in Devanagari and English translation'', New Delhi: Asian Educational Services, 1982.

==External links==
((Commons category|Ekadasi tithi))
* [https://www.hindirasayan.com/religion/worship/vrat-festivals/ekadashi/know-about-ekadashi-vrat-19646 About Ekadashi Vrat: Ekadashi Vrat Vidhi-Niyam and Vrat Bhojan] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831050355/https://www.hindirasayan.com/religion/worship/vrat-festivals/ekadashi/know-about-ekadashi-vrat-19646 |date=31 August 2019 ))
*[https://www.drikpanchang.com/vrats/ekadashidates.html List of all Ekadashi of this year 2022]

((Tithi))
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[[Category:Days of the Hindu calendar|11]]
[[Category:Ekadashi| ]]
[[Category:Hindu calendar]]
[[Category:Hindu festivals]]
[[Category:Religious festivals in India]]
[[Category:Hindu festivals in Nepal]]
[[Category:Hindu holy days]]
[[Category:Vrata]]

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