Rajputana Rifles
Regimental Insignia of the Rajputana Rifles
Active10 January 1775 – present
Country India
Branch Indian Army
TypeLine Infantry
RoleInfantry
Size25 battalions
Garrison/HQDelhi Cantonment
Nickname(s)RajRif
Motto(s)Veer Bhogya Vasundhara (वीर भोग्य वसुंधरा )
"The Brave Shall Inherit the Earth"
War CryRaja Ramchandra Ki Jai [1]
(Hail Lord Raja Ramachandra)
Battle honoursPoonch, Hajipir, Charwa, Basantar and Myanamati, Tololing
Commanders
Colonel of the regimentLt Gen Amardeep Singh Aujla

The Rajputana Rifles is the oldest rifle regiment of the Indian Army. It was originally a part of the British Indian Army, when six previously existing regiments were amalgamated to form six battalions of the 6th Rajputana Rifles. In 1945, the numeral designation was dropped from the title and in 1947 the regiment was transferred to the newly independent Indian Army. Since independence, the regiment has been involved in a number of conflicts against Pakistan, as well as contributing to the Custodian Force (India) in Korea under the aegis of the United Nations in 1953–54 and to the UN Mission to the Congo in 1962. As a rifle regiment, it uses a bugle horn as its insignia, the same as the British Light Division, but unlike its British counterparts, the Rajputana Rifles march at the same march pace used in the Indian Army as a whole.

Etymology

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The name Rajputana Rifles is derived from northwest, and the word Rajputana, a historic region in northwest India that is roughly coextensive with the modern Indian state of Rajasthan, as well as small sections of Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat. It is based on the word Rajaputra, meaning "son of a king, which came in 6th century. The name Rajputana means "land of the Rajputs". The Aravalli Range crosses the southern part of the region from northeast to southwest. The northwestern part is largely the Thar desert, but to the southeast, the land is extremely fertile. Rajput power rose here between the 6th and 13th centuries, and the princes resisted the early Muslim incursions, which began in the 11th century. Rajput power reached its peak in the early 15th century, but the area fell to the Mughals when Akbar captured the Chittor Fort in 1568. But the Rajputana was safe due to mutual understanding with mughals.From their seat at Ajmer the Mughals ruled Rajputana until the early 18th century. The Marathas held feudatories in the region from c. 1750 to 1818, when it passed to Great Britain. When Britishers came Rajputs did treaty.The Rajput princely states came under British protection by treaties in the early 19th century; most of the area was formed into Rajasthan state in 1948. Under the British, Rajputana included more than 20 princely states, notably Bikaner, Jaipur, Jodhpur, Udaipur, and Ajmer. The internal autonomy of many of the states was guaranteed.

Recruitment

The Rajputana Rifles is a fixed class regiment with equal proportions of Jats and Rajputs.[2][3]

Lineage

The regiment's origins lie in the 18th century when the East India Company (HEIC) recruited Rajputs to protect its operations. The impressive performance of French local units which were composed of local recruits mixed with French officers, helped the HEIC to decide that it needed to do something similar. In January 1775, it raised its first local infantry units which included the 5th Battalion, Bombay Sepoys, which is considered to be the oldest rifle regiment of the Indian Army.[4] The 5th Battalion was successively redesignated as 9th Battalion Bombay Sepoys in 1778; 2nd Battalion, 2nd Regiment of Bombay Native Infantry in 1796; 4th Regiment of Bombay Native Infantry in 1824, and then 4th Regiment Native Infantry (Rifle Corps) in 1881.[5] It thus became the first rifle regiment of the British Indian Army.[4] In 1899 the battalion was once more renamed as 4th Regiment (1st Battalion Rifle Corps) Bombay Infantry and again in 1901 as 4th Bombay Rifles.[5]


In Kitchener's 1903 reorganisation of the Indian Army, 4th Bombay Rifles became 104th Wellesley's Rifles, to commemorate the fact that the regiment had been commanded in 1800 by Arthur Wellesley (later the Duke of Wellington).[6] In the further re-organisation in 1921, the following six regiments were brought together to form the six battalions of the 6th Rajputana Rifles Regiment:[7]

A painting depicting members of the Rajputanta Rifles, of all ranks and uniforms. c. 1911

In 1945, the regiments of the British Indian Army dropped the numeral in their titles and so the Rajputana Rifles assumed its current name. In 1947, after the partition of India, the regiment was allocated to the newly formed Indian Army. In 1949, the 1st battalion was transferred to the newly raised Brigade of the Guards, becoming the 3rd battalion, Brigade of the Guards.

History

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2009)
Men of the regiment during the Battle of Meiktila, Burma 1945

In 1817, the 4th battalion met the Marathas at the Battle of Khadki. The defence earned the regiment the battle honor of "Khadki". In 1856–57 the 1st, 2nd, and 4th battalions were together in the Persian theatre of operations. In 1856, Captain John Augustus Wood of the 2nd battalion (then the 20th Bombay Native Infantry) was awarded the Victoria Cross for storming Bushire Fort.[9] This was the first Victoria Cross to be won in an Indian unit.[10] Sub. Maj Mohammed Sharief and Sub. Peer Bhatt were recommended for the Victoria Cross for their actions in the same battle, but were turned down as at that time the medal category was not open to Indians.[11][12]

In 1878–1880, during the Second Afghan War, the 1st battalion marched 145 miles in 5 days from Quetta to Kandahar and laid siege to the city. In 1900–1902, the 3rd battalion was part of a force used to contain the Boxer Rebellion in China.

World War I saw the regiment fight in battlefields from France to Palestine. The 5th battalion was in all theatres of the war and participated in General Allenby’s march to recapture Jerusalem.

During World War II, the regiment was expanded to thirteen battalions and served in the Middle East, Burma and Malaya.[13] The 4th battalion had the distinction of earning two Victoria Crosses during this conflict.[14]

Over the course of its existence, members of the regiment have received four Victoria Crosses, 44 Military Crosses, one Param Vir Chakra, three Ashok Chakras, one Padma Bhushan, fourteen Param Vishisht Seva Medals, ten Maha Vir Chakras, eleven Kirti Chakras, 18 Ati Vishisht Seva Medals, two Uttam Yudh Seva Medal, 50 Vir Chakras, 28 Shaurya Chakras, 122 Sena Medals (including Bar), 39 Vishisht Seva Medals, three Yudh Seva Medals, 85 Mentions-in-Dispatches and 55 Arjuna Awards.[4]

Units

Members of the Rajputana Rifles.
President Ram Nath Kovind with members of the Band of the Rajputana Rifles following the Beating Retreat, Rashtrapati Bhavan, 30 January 2018.
Postage stamp released in 2018 to commemorate the Bicentenary of the Third Battalion of Rajputana Rifles.
Postage stamp released in 2020 to commemorate the Bicentenary of the Fourth Battalion of Rajputana Rifles.
Postage stamp released in 1995 to commemorate 175 years of the Fifth Battalion of Rajputana Rifles.

The Rajputana Rifles consists of nineteen regular battalions, four Rashtriya Rifles battalions and two Territorial Army battalions -

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (April 2023)
Battalion Raising Date Remarks References
1st Battalion § 1775 Raised as 5th Battalion, Bombay Sepoys. Converted to 3rd Battalion, Brigade of the Guards on 1 September 1949. Pre-independence : 28 battle honours, post-independence : battle honour Gadra Road [15]
2nd Battalion 1817 Raised as the 2nd Battalion, 10th Regiment of Bombay Native Infantry. Designated 120th Rajputana Infantry in 1903 and 2nd (Prince of Wales's Own), 6th Rajputana Rifles in 1922. Battle honours of Persia, Reshire, Bushire, Koosh-Ab, Mesopotamia, Shaiba, Kut-Al-Amara, and Ctesiphon. Captain John Augustus Wood won the Victoria Cross in 1856 at Bushire, Persia. Post independence battle honours – Poonch, Tololing and Drass; theatre honour – Kargil. [16][17]
3rd Battalion 1818 Raised as 2nd Battalion, 11th Regiment of Bombay Native Infantry. Underwent many name changes, was designated 122nd Rajputana Infantry, before present designation. Battle honours –China, Afghanistan, Basra and Shaiba, Kut-Al-Amra, Baghdad, Mesopotamia, Irrawady, Mandalay and Fort Dufferin. Theatre honours – Persia, Mesopotamia, Burma 1932-34, Burma 1944-45, Jammu & Kashmir and Rajasthan. [18]
4th Battalion (Outram’s) 1820 Raised on 26 May 1820 from elements which took part in the Battle of Khadki in November 1817, as the First Battalion of the 12th Regiment of the East India Company Indian Army. In the reorganisation of 1903, it took on the name of Sir James Outram and was designated the 123rd Outram's Rifles. Won two Victoria Crosses (Subedar Richhpal Ram and CHM Chhelu Ram), and 23 Battle/Theatre Honours during the pre-independence period. Post-Independence battle honours – Charwa and Uri, theatre honour Punjab 1965. [19]
5th Battalion (Napier’s) 1820 Raised as 1st Extra Battalion of Bombay Native Infantry, underwent many changes, designated 125th Napier's Rifles in 1903 and present designation in 1945. Won one Victoria Cross in 1858 and 27 battle honours before independence. [20]
6th Battalion 1962 Nicknamed the Param Vir Chakra Paltan and Shooting Sixth, the regiment was raised in 1940 by Lieutenant Colonel NG Gane MC at Faizabad. Theatre honour Burma during World War II. CHM Piru Singh was awarded the PVC during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948. The battalion was awarded the theatre honour Jammu and Kashmir and battle honour Darapari. [21]
7th Battalion 1962 Raised 1941, fought in Malaya, disbanded at the end of war. Re-raised in 1962 at Delhi Cantonment. Battle honour Mynamati and theatre honour East Pakistan, 1971. [22]
8th Battalion 1963 Raised in 1941 and saw action in the Arakan Campaign, battle honour Rathedaung, disbanded 1947. Re-raised by Lieutenant Colonel JJ Lal in Delhi. [23]
9th Battalion 1964 Raised 1941 at Nasirabad, converted to an anti-aircraft regiment, disbanded 1945. Re-raised at Delhi Cantonment by Lieutenant Colonel C Silva. [24]
11th Battalion 1964 Raised by Lieutenant Colonel Risal Singh at Kanchrapara. Havildar Rajesh Kumar was posthumously awarded the Ashoka Chakra in 2010. [25]
12th Battalion 1968 Raised as 31 Rajputana Rifles on 15 January 1968 and re-designated as 12 Rajputana Rifles on 23 February 1971. Theatre honour : East Pakistan, 1971. [26]
13th Battalion 1966 Raised as the New Delhi by Lieutenant Colonel Jai Singh SM. Nicknamed Thundering Thirteen. [27]
14th Battalion 1966 Raised as 11 Rajputana Rifles (TA), disbanded 1947, re-raised 1966 by Lieutenant Colonel Harbhajan Singh at Golconda. [28]
15th Battalion 1976
16th Battalion 1979
17th Battalion 1934 Former Imperial Service Troops, raised as Sawai Man Guards of Jaipur State Forces, battle honour Ledi Gali during 1948 operations, absorbed into Indian Army in 1951. [29]
18th Battalion § 1941? Former Saurashtra Rifles, (Nawanagar State Forces); now 11th Mechanised Infantry Regiment. Battle honours Asal Uttar and Basantar.
19th Battalion 1962 Raised at Delhi Cantonment by Lieutenant Colonel SP Kutky. Captain Ummed Singh Mahra was posthumously awarded the Ashoka Chakra in 1971. Awarded theatre honour East Pakistan, 1971. [30]
20th Battalion 1981 Raised in Delhi Cantonment [31]
21st Battalion 1985
22nd Battalion
23rd Battalion § Converted to 23rd Battalion, Parachute Regiment in 2013
9 Rashtriya Rifles 1994
18 Rashtriya Rifles 1994
43 Rashtriya Rifles 2005?
57 Rashtriya Rifles
105 (TA) Battalion 1949 Delhi Cantonment, New Delhi; nicknamed Rajputana Terriers [32]
128 (TA) Battalion 1983 Eco - Jaisalmer, Rajasthan [33]

§ indicates former units.

Alliances

Rajputana Rifles Regimental Museum

The Rajputana Rifles Regimental Museum in the Rajputana Rifles Centre is located inside the Delhi Cantonment. The museum covers the rich history of the regiment in the most modern fashion. The museum is around 7000 square feet in size and covers the history of the regiment from its inception. The museum exhibits weapons and uniforms and narrates the history through large format images and audiovisual film. The museum was designed and conceived by Holistic Design a Delhi-based design studio headed by Nikhil Bhardwaj who specializes in designing museums and exhibitions. Col. M. S. Niranjan of the 19th battalion was the director of the museum project. It is rated as the finest military museum in India and even compared to the Imperial War Museum in London.

Battle Honours

Pre Independence[34][35]

Post Independence[34]

Gallantry awards

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (April 2023)

Pre-independence

Pre-1914

Victoria Cross


1914-1921[36]
Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire

Military Cross

Order of British India

Indian Order of Merit

Indian Distinguished Service Medal

Indian Meritorious Service Medal

Croix De Guerre (French)

Leim Alilimdetaire (French)

Medaille d'Honneur avec Glaives en Bronze (French)


1921-1939
Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire

Member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire

Distinguished Service Order

Military Cross


1939-1947[49][50][51][52][53]
Victoria Cross

Distinguished Service Order

Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire

Member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire

Military Cross

Indian Order of Merit, 1st Class

Indian Order of Merit

Indian Distinguished Service Medal

Military Medal

British Empire Medal

Gold Cross of Merit

Mentioned in dispatches

Post-independence

Param Vir Chakra

Ashok Chakra

Maha Vir Chakra

Kirti Chakra

Vir Chakra

Shaurya Chakra

See also

References

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  105. ^ "Nk Neeraj Kumar Singh". Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  106. ^ "ajor General Swarup Singh Kalaan, MC". Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  107. ^ "Lt Col Raghubir Singh". Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  108. ^ "Lieutenant Ved Prakash Trehan". Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  109. ^ "Rifleman Dhonkal Singh". Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  110. ^ "Naik Sugan Singh". Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  111. ^ "Major Padmapani Acharya". Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  112. ^ "Major Vivek Gupta". Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  113. ^ "Naik Digendra Kumar". Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  114. ^ "Capt Neikezhakuo Kenguruse". Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  115. ^ "Lt Col Kamaldeep Singh". Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  116. ^ "Capt Karni Singh Rathore". Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  117. ^ "Capt Ashutosh Kumar". Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  118. ^ "Havildar Amar Singh". Retrieved 29 August 2023.
  119. ^ "Naib Subedar Umaid Singh". Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  120. ^ "Naik Rajinder Singh". Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  121. ^ "Maj Pushpender Singh". Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  122. ^ "L/Nk Hoshiar Singh". Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  123. ^ "Lieutanant Colonel Mahabir Singh". Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  124. ^ "Major Balbir Singh Poonia". Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  125. ^ "Major Rajender Singh Rajawat". Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  126. ^ "Major Ram Swarup Sharma". Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  127. ^ "Maj Jitendra Kumar Tomar". Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  128. ^ "Capt Vijayant Thapar". Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  129. ^ "Colonel Magod Basappa Ravindranath". Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  130. ^ "Major Mohit Saxena". Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  131. ^ "Captain Haneef Uddin". Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  132. ^ "Subedar Rajab Ali". Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  133. ^ "Naib Subedar Mangej Singh". Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  134. ^ "Jemadar Sanwal Ram". Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  135. ^ "Havildar Hazari Singh". Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  136. ^ "Naik Sheo Chand Ram". Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  137. ^ "Lance Naik Prem Singh". Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  138. ^ "CHM Yashvir Singh". Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  139. ^ "Havildar Prem Kumar Chauhan". Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  140. ^ "Rifleman Rewat Singh". Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  141. ^ "Rifleman Mathan Singh". Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  142. ^ "Rifleman Mohan Singh". Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  143. ^ "Rifleman Jai Ram Singh". Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  144. ^ "Rifleman Mahilal Singh". Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  145. ^ "Rifleman Chagan Singh". Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  146. ^ "Lance Naik Ayyub Ali". Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  147. ^ "Nb Sub Lal Singh Khichi". Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  148. ^ "Lance Naik Deshpal Singh". Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  149. ^ "Rifleman Lakshman Singh". Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  150. ^ "Hav Hanuman Ram Saran". Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  151. ^ "Rifleman Mukesh Kumar". Retrieved 4 April 2023.

Further reading

External links

Indian Army Infantry Regiments
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