Bennett College

Official Bennett College seal
Former names	Bennett School, Bennett Seminary
Motto	Education for your future Sisterhood for Life
Type	Private Historically Black Liberal Arts College for Women[1]
Established	August 1, 1873 and reorganized as an all-female institution in 1926
Affiliation	United Methodist Church[2]
Endowment	$15 million
President	Dr. Phyllis Worthy Dawkins
Academic staff	89
Students	469
Location	Greensboro , North Carolina , United States
Campus	60 acres
Colors	Navy Blue and White
Affiliations	United Negro College Fund
Website	bennett.edu
Bennett College Historic District
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. Historic district
Southern part of the campus
Show map of North Carolina Show map of the United States
Location	Roughy bounded by E. Washington, Bennett and Gorrell Sts., Greensboro, North Carolina
Built	1878
Architect	Multiple
Architectural style	Gothic, Other, Georgian Revival
MPS	Greensboro MPS
NRHP reference No.	92000179[3]
Added to NRHP	April 3, 1992

Bennett College is a private four-year historically black liberal arts college for women located in Greensboro, North Carolina. It was founded in 1873 as a normal school to educate freedmen and train both men and women as teachers. Originally coed, in 1926 it became a four-year women's college. It is one of two historically black colleges that enroll women only. Today it serves roughly 470 undergraduate students.

In 1956 Willa Beatrice Player was installed as the first African-American woman president of an accredited, four-year liberal arts college.^[4] She encouraged her students as activists in issues of the day. Beginning in 1960, Bennett students took part in the ultimately successful campaign in Greensboro to integrate white lunch counters at local variety stores. The college expanded its academic offerings and classes related to women's leadership.

Bennett College was founded August 1, 1873 as a normal school for seventy African-American men and women (freedmen or former slaves). The school's founder Albion W. Tourgee was an activist in the second half of the 19th century who championed the cause of racial equality. The school held its inaugural classes in the basement of Warnersville Methodist Episcopal Church North (now St. Matthew's United Methodist) in Greensboro. Bennett was coeducational and offered both high school and college-level courses, in an effort to compensate for the lack of educational opportunity for many blacks. The year after its founding, the school became sponsored by the Freedman's Aid Society and Southern Education Society of the northern Methodist Episcopal Church. Bennett remained affiliated for 50 years with the Freedman's Aid Society. In 1878, freedmen purchased land for a future college campus (this is the current site). Hearing of what was being done, New York businessman Lyman Bennett provided $10,000 in funding to build a permanent campus. Bennett died soon thereafter, and the school was named Bennett Seminary and a bell was created in his honor. Hearing of Bennett's philanthropy his coworkers continued his mission by providing the bell for the school.^[5]

In 1888, Bennett Seminary elected its first African-American president, the Reverend Charles N. Grandison. Grandison spearheaded a successful drive to have the school chartered as a four-year college in 1889. Two of the first African-American bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church were graduates of the college, including Robert Elijah Jones, an 1895 graduate and brother of future president David Dallas Jones. Under the direction of Reverend Grandison and succeeding President Jordan Chavis, Bennett College grew from 11 undergraduate students to a total of 251 undergraduates by 1905. The enrollment leveled out in the 1910s at roughly 300.

In 1916, a survey conducted by the Phelps-Stokes Foundation recommended Bennett College be converted to a college exclusively for women. The Women's Home Missionary Society, which had supported women at the college since 1886, had found that there was not a four-year college for African-American women only, and sought a school for that mission. North Carolina Board of Education offered Bennett College. After ten years, during which it studied other locations and conducted fundraising, the Women's Home Missionary Society and the NC Board of Education decided to develop the college in its current location. Bennett fully transitioned as a women's college in 1926. Note: The Women's Home Missionary Society's on-campus involvement with Bennett women dates back to 1886.^[6]

In 1926, David Dallas Jones was installed as president of the new women's college. Under his leadership, the college expanded, reaching an enrollment of 400. It became known in the black community as the Vassar College of the south, and Jones recruited faculty, staff and student body, from all cultural and ethnic backgrounds. Although his leadership of the college was very accomplished, it was also marked with controversy.

In 1937, Bennett students protested downtown Greensboro movie theaters because of the depictions of black women in film and segregation of movie theaters (the latter required by state law of the time). President Jones' daughter Frances Jones, a freshwoman, led the protest. This protest during the Great Depression, with Jim Crow ruling in the South, was a catalyst for Jones to be visited by the FBI and other government agencies. They were concerned about communist and leftist activities and ordered him to prohibit the students from protesting. Jones refused. At his invitation, First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt came to the college on March 22, 1945 to meet with an integrated group of school children from Greensboro. Other visitors to the campus included Benjamin Elijah Mays, former Morehouse College president; poet Robert Frost and writer James Weldon Johnson. Jones led the college for almost 30 years until he became ill in 1955, when he named Willa B. Player interim president.^[5] Note: (Bennett's brother college is Morehouse College in Atlanta, Georgia. This relationship developed through the historic friendship of David Dallas Jones and Benjamin E. Mays.)

In October 1956, Willa Beatrice Player was inaugurated as President of Bennett College. She was the first African-American woman to be president of a four-year, fully accredited liberal arts college or university. During Player's tenure, Bennett in 1957 was one of the first historically black colleges to receive accreditation from the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS). On February 11, 1958 she allowed civil rights leader Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. to speak at the school; he was prohibited by the city from speaking publicly anywhere else in Greensboro. His speech was entitled, "A Realistic Look At Race Relations," and was delivered to a standing-room-only audience at Annie Merner Pfeiffer Chapel on campus. Player said about this visit, "Bennett College is a liberal arts college where 'freedom rings,' so King can speak here." King, Howard Thurman and Benjamin Elijah Mays inspired Bennett Belles during President Vespers series to lead civil rights protests in Greensboro.^[5]

In February 1960 students from Bennett College and North Carolina A&T began a civil rights protest in downtown Greensboro. Bettye Davis, class of 1963, committed to sitting at the white-only lunch counter of F. and W. Woolworth's variety store with students from A&T and to return until it was integrated. On February 4, 1960, close to a dozen "Bennett Belles" were arrested due to their continuing protest at Woolworth's.^[7]

On April 21, 1960, Bennett and A&T students were arrested for trespassing at the white S.H. Kress & Co. lunch counter.^[7]

On April 22, 1960, The Daily News of New York broke the story of the arrests nationally with front-page headlines and a picture of well-dressed female students awkwardly entering the back of a paddy wagon without assistance from the police officers surrounding it. It reported that Greensboro police were surprised by the behavior of "Bennett Belles," who were considered refined young women from an "elitist finishing school" in the Greensboro community. At the peak of the sit-in movement, more than 40% of Bennett's student body was jailed.^[7] Player personally visited students in jail, carrying their assignments to them so they would not fall behind in their studies.^[8]

Willa B. Player, the activist president, led Bennett until 1966, after which Isaac H. Miller succeeded him. His father had been an administrator at Bennett during former President Frank Trigg's tenure.

Miller maintained the "Bennett Ideal", despite social changes of the late 1960s, during which students protested strict dress codes, disciplinary policies, and curfew. During the 1967-68 school year, freshwomen walked out of dormitories 1 minute before curfew. Students took over the student union demanding change. Miller surrounded the buildings with campus security, and brought in family and sleeping bags, changing the protest to a campus-wide sleep over. Students were required to wear dresses or skirts, hats and gloves until the early 1970s.^[5]

Miller collaborated with other colleges and universities in Greensboro to form a consortium which expanded Bennett's academic program offerings by giving students access to other local universities. His administration developed the Biomedical research and interdisciplinary studies programs, along with a bridge program in conjunction with Meharry Medical College of Nashville, Tennessee. He collaborated with other HBCU presidents to establish the National Association for Equal Opportunity in Higher Education, serving on the first board of directors. Miller's plans were supported by alumnae, who increased material and fiscal resources. Bennett's endowment grew and four new buildings were constructed on campus. Miller served as president for 21 years, the second-longest presidential tenure in Bennett College history and during a period of considerable social change. He retired in 1987. Gloria Randle Scott became Bennett's 12th president and its second woman in that position.^[5]

Gloria Randle Scott started as President of Bennett College on July 1, 1987. She developed offerings with additional programs. She established the Women's Leadership Institute, and the Center for African Women and Women of the African Diaspora. Bennett admitted new African immigrants as well as students who were residents of Africa. In 1989, poet and activist Maya Angelou was installed as a member of the board of trustees. Scott was President of Bennett for 14 years before retiring in 2001.^[5]

In June 2002 came big changes for Bennett College. The school was revitalized and much needed renovations were made to campus buildings under the leadership of Sister President Emerita Johnnetta B. Cole who spearheaded a $50 million campaign. Also under her leadership the New Academy – an academic program, the Johnnetta B. Cole Diversity and Inclusion Institute, and an art gallery were added to expand the culture of the college. Dr. Cole also enhanced the study abroad program. Health and fitness were added to encourage students to learn to lead healthy lives. Numerous prominent figures spoke at the campus and some helped raise funds for its operations. Former President Bill Clinton, former US Senator Robert Dole, trustee emerita Maya Angelou and Oprah Winfrey have assisted in fundraising. The campaign closed successfully at the end of Cole's tenure on June 30, 2007.^[5]

On July 1, 2007, Julianne Malveaux became President of Bennett College. She has led a $21 million expansion and renovation project of the college. She increased enrollment, added four new buildings, including a multimedia center, and renovated additional buildings. Malveaux enhanced the overall academic curriculum, which focuses on women's leadership, entrepreneurship, communications, and global studies.^{[citation needed]}

On July 1, 2012, Esther Terry '61 became the first alumna to lead the college. Already serving as the College's provost, Terry was made interim president for a full academic year. During the May 2013 commencement ceremony, the Board of Trustees announced Terry would be officially termed as 16th President of Bennett College.

Phyllis Worthy Dawkins assumed presidency on August 15, 2016. Previous serving as Provost, Dr. Dawkins focused on faculty/staff recruitment, reinvigorating living learning communities, and launched a leadership institute.

Since 1930, Bennett has graduated more than 7,000 students, affectionately known as "Bennett Belles."^{[citation needed]}

In 1930, on the graduation of its first four women with a 4-year bachelor's degree, the 'A' rating was granted to the college by the North Carolina State Department of Education. This same rating was granted the college in 1936 by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. Today, the college continues with its SACS accreditation; it is also accredited by the Council of Social Work Education (CSWE) and the National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE).

In 1957, Bennett was one of the first and the only private Black college to be admitted into full membership in the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. It has also been a member of the American Association of Colleges, The Commission on Black Colleges of the University Senate, the American Association of Registrars and Admission Officers, the American Council of Education, the American Association of Colleges of Teacher Education, the College Fund/UNCF, the Council on Independent Colleges, the Women's College Coalition, the North Carolina Association of Independent Colleges and Universities, the NCB Piedmont Automated Library System (NCBPALS), the Greater Greensboro Consortium, and the New York University Faculty Resource Network.^[5]

The Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges voted to revoke Bennett College's accreditation in December 2018. The school is appealing.^[9]

1. W.J. Parker (principal) (1874–1877)^[10]
2. Edward O. Thayer (1877–1881)^[10]
3. Wilbur F. Steele (1881–1889)^[10]
4. Charles N. Grandison (1889–1892)^[10]
5. Jordan D. Chavis (1892–1905)^[10]
6. Silas A. Peeler (1905–1913)^[10][11]
7. James E. Wallace (1913–1915)^[10]
8. Frank Trigg (1915–1926)^[10]

1. David Dallas Jones (1926–1955)
2. Willa Beatrice Player (1955–1966) – Bennett's first female president^[8]
3. Isaac H. Miller, Jr. (1966–1987)
4. Gloria Randle Scott (1987–2001)
5. Althia F. Collins (2001–2002)
6. Johnnetta B. Cole (2002–2007)
7. Julianne Malveaux (2007–2012)
8. Esther Terry (2012 – June 30, 2013) – Bennett's first alumna president
9. Rosalind Fuse-Hall (July 1, 2013 – 2016)
10. Phyllis Worthy Dawkins (August 15, 2016—present)

Bennett college offers 24 majors and 19 minors under three divisions: Division of Natural and Behavioral Sciences and Mathematics, Division of Social Sciences and Education, and Division of Humanities. These disciplines include degrees in bachelor of arts, bachelor of science, bachelor of arts and science in interdisciplinary studies, bachelor of social work, and the bachelor of fine arts. Bennett also offers five dual degree programs including Chemistry/Chemical Engineering with NC A&T, Chemistry/Pharmacy with Howard University, Mathematics/Mechanical Engineering with NC A&T, Mathematics/Electrical Engineering with NC A&T and Mathematics/Industrial Engineering with NC A&T.

The Middle College at Bennett is one of only two all-female high schools in the state of North Carolina. It began in 2003 as a "middle college," serving female 11th and 12th-grade students who were at-risk of dropping out of high school. By 2006, with the help of The New Schools Project Reform Initiative, The Middle College expanded to include 9th and 10th graders and began offering dual enrollment. With dual enrollment, students take college courses and earn transferable college credit as they earn their high school diploma. Students begin taking college courses in their 9th grade year and may earn up to two years of transferable college credit hours by completion of their senior year.

• Global Learning Center, houses administrative offices of the President and Institutional Advancement. The GLC has four classrooms, study rooms and a multipurpose room.
• Susie W. Jones Alumnae House, the oldest structure on campus, was built in 1915. Later named for the wife of Bennett's President David D. Jones it is used to house alumnae activities and offices.
• Wilbur F. Steele Hall, erected in 1922, is named for Reverend Wilbur Steele, president of Bennett from 1881 to 1889. Renovations were completed in 2004.
• Robert E. Jones Residence Hall, built in 1922, is named for the first Black minister elected as a general superintendent with full Episcopal responsibilities in the Methodist Church.
• John H. Race Administration Building, erected in 1925, is named for a Methodist church Publishing House official and trustee of Bennett College. It houses Business and Finance, Human Resources, Global Studies, the Entrepreneurship Institute and Public Relations.
• Enrollment Management Center, houses the offices of Financial Aid and Admissions.
• Pfeiffer Residence Hall, constructed in 1924, was the nucleus of the current Bennett College campus and the first of five structures that bear some variation of the names of Mr. and Mrs. Henry Pfeiffer, the institution's most generous early benefactors.
• Black Hall, built in 1937 as Henry Pfeiffer Science Hall and renamed for Ethel F. Black, a Bennett College trustee, when, in 1967–68, a new Henry Pfeiffer Science Hall was built. It is one of two principal classroom buildings. The building houses the administrative offices of Enrollment Management, The Registrar's Office, the Division of Social Sciences and Education including the Departments of Business and Economics, Curriculum and Instruction, Political Science and Social Work/Sociology, and one computer laboratory.
• Annie Merner Residence Hall, bears the maiden name of Mrs. Henry Pfeiffer and was erected in 1937–38. It currently houses faculty offices and The Institute For Academic Success (IAS).
• Thomas F. Holgate Library, was built in 1939, named for a former trustee of Bennett College, and funded by the General Education Board of the Methodist Church. Renovations to this building were completed in 2004.
• Annie Merner Pfeiffer Chapel and Little Theater, erected in 1941, forms the north boundary of the quadrangle around which most of the major buildings cluster.
• Carnegie Building, formerly a branch library of the City of Greensboro, was acquired by Bennett College in 1967 and renovated for use as a center for outreach programs. This facility houses the Truth and Reconciliation Archives and a portion of Information Technology IT.
• Jessie M. Reynolds Residence Hall, built in 1948, was named for Mrs. Reynolds, a Bennett College trustee from 1936 to 1948 and president of the Woman's Division of Christian Service of the Methodist Church from 1940 to 1948.
• David D. Jones Student Union, erected 1949–50, was named for the president of the college from 1926 to 1955, and is said to have been the first building erected as a student union on a predominantly black college campus in North Carolina. It houses the dining hall, central storeroom, bookstore, snack bar, post office, SGA offices, Commuter Student Lounge, Bennett Boutique and recreational areas as well as the offices of the Student Affairs, Career Services, Residence Life, and Student Activities.
• Martin Dixon Intergenerational Center, the Bennett College laboratory preschool, is used as a pre-observational and training site for elementary education majors prior to their official field experiences in a public school setting. The first five-star, licensed child-care facility in Guilford County, the preschool is also used by other departments in the college for students to gain exposure to and experiences in working with young children. The Martin Dixon Intergenerational Center also serves as a training/field exposure site for the Department of Curriculum and Instruction, Department of Psychology, Department of Political Science and Social Work/Sociology, and the Department of Visual and Performing Arts. It is named for donor and Bennett alumna Joyce Martin Dixon '56.
• The President's Home, forms the south base of the College quadrangle and was constructed in 1955.
• Laura H. Cone Residence Hall, was built in 1961–62. Mrs. Cone was a Bennett College trustee and chairperson of the Trustee Committee on Buildings and Grounds.
• The Ida Haslip Goode Health and Physical Education Building, is named for a long-time trustee of Bennett College who was also president of the Women's Home Missionary Society of the Methodist Church.^[12] The gymnasium contains an Olympic-style swimming pool, a standard basketball court, a combined stage and ballet studio, a corrective exercise gymnasium, faculty offices, four classrooms, and a seminar-conference room. This facility provides classrooms for the Early/Middle College High School at Bennett, a partnership program with the Guilford County School System.
• Willa B. Player Residence Hall, this residence hall, was named for the first woman president of Bennett College (1955–66) and was occupied for the first time in the fall of 1967.
• Henry Pfeiffer Science Building, was built in 1968. In addition to classrooms and laboratories, this structure contains four computer laboratories, one electronic classroom, an animal laboratory with an adjacent greenhouse, and the faculty development resource room and faculty lounge.
• The Honors Residence Hall, completed in 2010, is the largest residence hall. This facility has a capacity for 144 honor students, guest suites, seminar room to accommodate lectures and special programs and a computer lab for the residents.
• Pfeiffer Science Computer Laboratories, The computer labs serve all students on campus in a wide variety of disciplines. The computer labs, located on the first floor of Pfeiffer Science Building, are used as electronic classrooms for specific classes as well as for general academic purposes.
• Rose Catchings Complex, built in 1981, houses the administrative office of the Provost and Senior Associate Provost of the college; Student Health Services, Counseling Center, Information Technology IT and Administrative Services.
• Merner Pfeiffer Plant – Journalism and Media Studies Building, was adapted for reuse as an academic building in 2009. This historic building originally constructed in 1935 as the heating plant for the campus, houses the Department of Journalism & Media Studies.
• The Bennett College Micro-Laboratory for Effective Teaching, housed in the Department of Curriculum and Instruction in Black Hall, is a simulated laboratory.

There are over 60 campus social, service, religious, and the student government association organizations. Bennett College also has collegiate sports.

• Honor societies
  • Alpha Lambda Delta, Alpha Kappa Mu, Beta Kappa Chi, Iota Iota Iota, Psi Chi, Sigma Tau Delta
• Student publications, media and alumnae publications
  • Bennett Banner, Belle Vision TV, Bennett College Association of Black Journalist, Belle Ringer Alumnae Magazine
• Student academic and enrichment clubs
  • American Civil Liberties Club, Belle Business Club, Biology Club, Chemistry Club, Foster Friends Club, HBCU-UP Club, Mathematics and Computer Science Club, Psychology Club, Social Work Club, Journalism Club, Minority Association for Pre-Med Students (MAPS).
• Student council
  • Barge Hall Council, Cone Hall Council, Jones Hall Council, Pan Hellenic Council, Pfeiffer Hall Council, Player Hall Council, Reynolds Hall Council, Pre Alumnae Council or PAC.
• Student Government Association (SGA)
  • Serves as the official governing body for students.
• Student Union Advisory Board (SUAB)
  • Provides educational, cultural, social recreation, entertainment and community building.
• Student North Carolina Association of Educators (SNCAE)
  • Aids in making a smooth transition for education majors from classwork to first year teaching.
• Belle awareness and encouragement groups
  • Belles Against Domestic Violence, Belles of Peace, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), Political Pacesetters, HIV/AIDS Prevention Taskforce
• Religious organizations
  • Bennett College Choir, Belles of Harmony Gospel Choir, The Millennium Mentors, Spirit of David Dance Ministry, Student Christian Fellowship, United Methodist Women, Catholic Campus Connection.
• Sisterhood organizations
  • Ringers, Liberty Belle New York Connection, Sister to Sister, Native Sister, Mid West Belles Club, Southern Belles Club, West Coast Connect
• International organizations
  • Caribbean Connection, International Club
• National Pan-Hellenic Council
  • Active Sororities on Bennett College campus: Alpha Kappa Alpha, Delta Sigma Theta, Zeta Phi Beta
• Other organizations
  • Belles in Media, Blue Blaze Dancers, Bennett College Ambassadors Association, Class Governments (Freshwomen, Sophomore, Junior, Senior), Ecentrique Modeling Troupe, Ladies of Essence Dance Team, Queens Association, Students in Free Enterprise.
• Bennett College for Women Athletics (unaffiliated, competes against USCAA teams)
  • Basketball, Golf, Soccer, Swimming, Softball
• Health, wellness and fitness
  • Outdoor Tennis Courts, 1/2 Mile Walking Track, Fitness/Weight Room

• Women's Colleges in the Southern United States
• Morehouse College

• Official website
• "We Were Ladies, We Just Played Like Boys" African American Womanhood and Competitive Basketball at Bennett College, 1928-1942 by Rita Liberti.

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