Regional variations
Australia and New Zealand
Australia and New Zealand have "morning tea" that occurs at approximately 10:30 am. This is often a break from work that is formally codified into many workplace agreements.[1] It is standard practice for schools to have a morning tea recess for students, which may be colloquially known as little lunch.[2] Many workplaces organize an event or celebration during morning tea in order to welcome new employees, farewell colleagues who are leaving, to recognise special occasions such as birthdays, or simply as a regular social event for staff. Food will sometimes be provided by the workplace, but often employees will be expected to bring food to share.[3][4]
Farmers, shearers and tradespeople in both countries often refer to this mid-morning break as smoko.
Belgium
In Flemish, this kind of snack is called a tienuurtje, literally a "little (one of) 10 o'clock".[5] A tienuurtje typically consists of one or more cookies or some piece of fruit and may be accompanied by fruit juice or chocolate milk. Many parents give their children a tienuurtje to eat during the mid-morning school break.
A similar kind of snack for the afternoon break is called a vieruurtje, literally "little (one of) 4 o'clock".
Chile
In many Spanish-speaking cultures, elevenses is observed under the name las once or la once (in Spanish, once means 'eleven'). However, in Chile it has shifted to the afternoon, sometimes replacing the traditional dinner.[6]
In the 2010–2011 National Food Consumption Survey, around 80% of the Chileans reported having once. This is due to once sometimes replacing the traditional dinner in Chile, which only 30% of the population reported having. Here, traditional dinner means a proper meal with vegetables, meat, poultry and fish. La once resembles a light version of British High Tea.[7]
An alternative widespread, but unfounded, popular etymology for the word in Chile is that priests (in other versions, workers or women) used the phrase tomar las once (Spanish: "drink the eleven") in reference to the eleven letters of the word Aguardiente to conceal the fact that they were drinking during the day.[7]
Colombia
In Colombia, it is common to have a snack named onces. It consists mainly of hot chocolate or coffee with arepa, bread, or crackers, usually taken around 5:00 p.m. In the morning, the snack consist of the same type of food but it is called medias nueves. It is served generally between 9:00 and 11:00.
Germany
In Germany, 10:30 is a popular time for workers who started early (like craftspeople, builders, …) to eat a snack. Most people nowadays will attribute German self-awareness of this to an advertisement for Knoppers, a type of candy, with the saying “Morgens, halb Zehn, in Deutschland…“ (“In the morning, 9:30, in Germany…“), that had become its own meme. But in reality, since those workers work harder, the most common snacks include bread rolls with meat, e.g. Mettbrötchen (raw pork mince), Leberkäse (comparable to trick baloney), Schnitzel, three small sausages (Wiener or Nürnberger), etc, all preferably warm; or just cold cuts.
Hungary
Elevenses in Hungarian is called Tíz-órai which translates to "of the 10 o'clock", referring to "the meal of the 10 o'clock". This is a break between breakfast and lunch, when it is time for a light meal or snack. In schools the early lunch break is called a Tíz-órai break. Parallel to the word Elevenses, Tíz-órai is often called Tenses "Tenzeez" by Hungarian-Americans and Hungarian-Britons.
India
In certain parts of rural India, especially in northern states like Punjab, it is normal practice to take tea break two or three hours after breakfast. When the practice began, there was no set clock and break was usually between 10-11am, so as in other countries it was named after the approximate time; “Das-Baja", meaning 10 o'clock tea.
The practice is slowly becoming obsolete in cities and towns, especially in professional jobs, but in rural areas such breaks for manual and agricultural labourers are still very popular.
Israel
In Israel it is called ארוחת עשר (arukhat eser, Hebrew for "10 o'clock meal"), mostly eaten at schools and kindergartens in the form of homemade sandwiches, often accompanied with a fruit or other snack, after the second hour of the school day and before the so-called "small break". It also occurs in major unionized workplaces, such as factories and customer services reception centres, where workers are handed tea.
Netherlands
In West Friesland country people had a similar meal called konkelstik (served at konkeltiid, the proper time for konkelen, a verb denoting "making a visit").[8][9]
Poland
In Poland the drugie śniadanie (lit. "second breakfast") is eaten in the midmorning. Rather than a heavy chunk of sausage or other meat, though, like the German second breakfast, Poles prefer a lighter, dessert-like pastry or sweet with a hot drink, more similar to the American "coffee break".[10]
Slovakia
In Slovakia, desiata (lit. "tenth", from "tenth hour") can be eaten at or around 10 a.m. It usually consists of a small snack, fruit, or a sandwich, i.e. a lighter meal, so as not to fill the stomach before lunch. In schools, the break between classes around 10 a.m. is referred to as desiatová prestávka (lit. "tenth break", or "break for the tenth") and may be a few minutes longer than other breaks, to give the students time to eat their desiata. Note: although the word desiata is grammatically an ordinal numeral, it is treated as a noun in this context.
Spain
In Spain it is not rare to have a short meal break around 11:00 a.m., particularly in jobs of intense physical activity; this can range from a hot drink paired with light snacks like pastries to a sandwich, scrambled eggs or a piece of Spanish omelette (also known as a pincho). This meal is sometimes known as almuerzo, although this word is used inconsistently and mostly just means lunch. Also note lunch time in Spain can be as late as 3:00 p.m., which conditions mid-morning customs.
In the Basque Country in particular it is common to have a mid-morning snack consisting of high-protein food like eggs, bacon, or cured meat on bread, called hamarretako (literally "10 o'clock (snack)") or hamaiketako ("11 o'clock (snack)").
Sweden
In Sweden, it is common to drink coffee at 11:00, elvakaffe (lit. coffee at eleven), often with a few biscuits or a light sandwich.
Switzerland
In Switzerland, there is a Znüni ("(Meal) at nine", following the nomenclature of Breakfast (Zmorge), Lunch (Zmittag), afternoon snack at four (Zvieri) and Dinner (Znacht)). The name, despite referring to a specific time, stays the same no matter the actual time of the snack break; especially in schools, it is usually at 10am.
United Kingdom
Elevenses, eaten at 11:00 as the name suggests, typically consists of tea or coffee, often with a few biscuits. Sometimes, cake or other snacks are eaten instead.[11]
United States
During the first decades of the 19th century, elevenses consisted of drinking whiskey.[12] In modern times, hourly workers take a break known as a coffee break, typically around 10:00 a.m., or in the first third of a work shift[citation needed] Often, this is done in a break room, and small snacks may be eaten as well.
It is common for school children to have a short snack break called morning snack. This is offered in the morning before lunch, usually between 9:00 and 11:00.
