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The Guatemala portal

Republic of Guatemala República de Guatemala (Spanish)
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: "Libre Crezca Fecundo"^[1] (Spanish) (English: "Grow Free and Fertile")
Anthem: Himno Nacional de Guatemala (English: "National Anthem of Guatemala")
ISO 3166 code	GT

Guatemala (/ˌɡwɑːtəˈmɑːlə/ ^ⓘ GWAH-tə-MAH-lə; Spanish: [ɡwateˈmala] ^ⓘ), officially the Republic of Guatemala (República de Guatemala), is a country in Central America. It is bordered to the north and west by Mexico, to the northeast by Belize, to the east by Honduras, and to the southeast by El Salvador. It is hydrologically bordered to the south by the Pacific Ocean and to the northeast by the Gulf of Honduras.

The territory of modern Guatemala hosted the core of the Maya civilization, which extended across Mesoamerica; in the 16th century, most of this was conquered by the Spanish and claimed as part of the viceroyalty of New Spain. Guatemala attained independence from Spain and Mexico in 1821. From 1823 to 1841, it was part of the Federal Republic of Central America. For the latter half of the 19th century, Guatemala suffered instability and civil strife. From the early 20th century, it was ruled by a series of dictators backed by the United States. In 1944, authoritarian leader Jorge Ubico was overthrown by a pro-democratic military coup, initiating a decade-long revolution that led to social and economic reforms. In 1954, a US-backed military coup ended the revolution and installed a dictatorship. From 1960 to 1996, Guatemala endured a bloody civil war fought between the US-backed government and leftist rebels, including genocidal massacres of the Maya population perpetrated by the Guatemalan military. The United Nations negotiated a peace accord, resulting in economic growth and successive democratic elections.

Guatemala's abundance of biologically significant and unique ecosystems includes many endemic species and contributes to Mesoamerica's designation as a biodiversity hotspot. Although rich in export goods, around a quarter of the population (4.6 million) face food insecurity. Other extant major issues include poverty, crime, drug trafficking, and civil instability.

With an estimated population of around 17.6 million,0 Guatemala is the most populous country in Central America, the 4th most populous country in North America and the 11th most populous country in the Americas. Its capital and largest city being Nueva Guatemala de la Asunción, also known as Guatemala City, is the most populous city in Central America. It is a representative democracy with significant levels of corruption. (Full article...)

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Rafael Spínola (1866 – 4 October 1901 in Guatemala City) was a writer, journalist, politician and public speaker from Guatemala. Director of the well known cultura magazine La Ilustración Guatemalteca in 1896 and 1897, was Secretary of Infrastructure in Manuel Estrada Cabrera first presidential term. He also created the "Fiestas Minervalias", which were a celebration to the studious youth and the president Estrada Cabrera rule. He was also the one that signed the treaty granting the American company "The Central American Improvement Co. Inc." to finish the Northern Railroad -which had been left unfinished after president José María Reina Barrios assassination on 8 February 1898–, which would be the stepping stone for the operations of the United Fruit Company in Guatemala. He was the father of Guatemalan poetesse Magdalena Spínola (1896–1991). (Full article...)

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Spanish conquest of Guatemala 1954 Guatemalan coup d'état Spanish conquest of Petén Quiriguá El Señor Presidente Miguel Ángel Asturias Pan-Maya movement Villa Nueva, Guatemala La Blanca, Peten Guatemala City Guatemala syphilis experiment Cobán Maya civilization Piedras Negras (Maya site) Mano Blanca Northern Railroad of Guatemala Arabella Árbenz Puerto Barrios Historical Clarification Commission COVID-19 pandemic in Guatemala LGBT rights in Guatemala

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... that the Adelaide L. T. Douglas House, built for a New York City socialite, housed the United States Olympic Committee before being sold to Guatemala?
... that the Central American government voted for annexation to the First Mexican Empire after a request from Regent Agustín de Iturbide?

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The period in the history of Guatemala between the coups against Jorge Ubico in 1944 and Jacobo Árbenz in 1954 is known locally as the Revolution (Spanish: La Revolución). It has also been called the Ten Years of Spring, highlighting the peak years of representative democracy in Guatemala from 1930 until the end of the civil war in 1996. It saw the implementation of social, political, and especially agrarian reforms that were influential across Latin America.

From the late 19th century until 1944, Guatemala was governed by a series of authoritarian rulers who sought to strengthen the economy by supporting the export of coffee. Between 1898 and 1920, Manuel Estrada Cabrera granted significant concessions to the United Fruit Company, an American corporation that traded in tropical fruit, and dispossessed many indigenous people of their communal lands. Under Jorge Ubico, who ruled as a dictator between 1931 and 1944, this process was intensified, with the institution of harsh labor regulations and a police state. (Full article...)

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Francisco Javier Arana Jacobo Árbenz Carlos Castillo Armas Haʼ Kʼin Xook Ricardo Arjona Mixco Viejo El Chal Zaculeu Tikal Fuiste Tú Motul de San José Iximche North Acropolis, Tikal Yoʼnal Ahk III Kʼinich Yat Ahk II Kʼinich Yoʼnal Ahk I Spanish conquest of the Maya Poquita Ropa Puente (song) Manche Chʼol Independiente (Ricardo Arjona album)

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Image 1Station and Customs of Puerto Barrios, Guatemala, Northern Railway, 1896
Image 2A low impact trail built for ecotourists to protect an archeological site in Guatemala
Image 3Tikal Temple II
Image 4A view of Flores, El Petén
Image 5Jaguar Temple Tikal, Guatemala
Image 6A camioneta or chicken bus, a typical mode of transportation in Guatemala
Image 7A view of the beach in Livingston, Guatemala
Image 8Lake Atitlán, from a dock in San Juan La Laguna
Image 9View from the top of the Lost World Pyramid, Temple IV on the right and top of pyramid 5C-49 (also known as the Talud-Tablero Temple) in the Plaza of the Lost World

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... that the ancient Maya ruins of San Clemente, El Petén, in Guatemala include a two-storey palace structure and two Mesoamerican ballcourts?

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El Señor Presidente (Mister President) is a 1946 novel written in Spanish by Nobel Prize-winning Guatemalan writer and diplomat Miguel Ángel Asturias (1899–1974). A landmark text in Latin American literature, El Señor Presidente explores the nature of political dictatorship and its effects on society. Asturias makes early use of a literary technique now known as magic realism. One of the most notable works of the dictator novel genre, El Señor Presidente developed from an earlier Asturias short story, written to protest social injustice in the aftermath of a devastating earthquake in the author's home town.

Although El Señor Presidente does not explicitly identify its setting as early twentieth-century Guatemala, the novel's title character was inspired by the 1898–1920 presidency of Manuel Estrada Cabrera. Asturias began writing the novel in the 1920s and finished it in 1933, but the strict censorship policies of Guatemalan dictatorial governments delayed its publication for thirteen years. (Full article...)

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Quiriguá Spanish conquest of Guatemala Pinguicula moranensis Spanish conquest of Petén

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The following are images from various Guatemala-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Route Map of the Great White Fleet of the United Fruit Company, which had the monopoly of freight and passenger maritime transportante to and from Puerto Barrios in Guatemala since 1903 (from History of Guatemala)
Image 2Chipilín Tamal, a common dish usually eaten at dinner. (from Culture of Guatemala)
Image 3Manuel Estrada Cabrera ruled Guatemala between 1898 and 1920. (from History of Guatemala)
Image 4Guatemala territory during Rafael Carrera and Vicente Cerna conservative regimes. Soconusco territories were given to México in exchange for their support to the Liberal revolution in 1871 by Herrera-Mariscal treaty of 1882. (from History of Guatemala)
Image 5State coat of Los Altos, carved in stone on the grave of heroes in the Cemetery of Quetzaltenango (from History of Guatemala)
Image 6Captain General Rafael Carrera after being appointed president for life of the Republic of Guatemala in 1854 (from History of Guatemala)
Image 7The Jurun Marinalá power plant was conceived during the Arbenz government to compete with the generation of the Electricity Company of Guatemala, which at that time was an American company and was using foreign oil instead of natural resources in Guatemala. Construction was not completed until 1968, fourteen years after Arbenz was removed in a CIA sponsored coup d'état. (from History of Guatemala)
Image 8Coat of Arms of the Republic of Guatemala between 1858 and 1871. A replica was carved on the front side of the Carrera theater before it was remodeled in 1892. (from History of Guatemala)
Image 9Plaza Central of Antigua Guatemala in 1829. The old "Palacio de la Capitanía General" was still destroyed after the 1773 earthquake. (from History of Guatemala)
Image 10Day laborers pay day in Santa Rosa, ca. 1890, according to the Day Laborer Regulations established by Barrios (from History of Guatemala)
Image 11Finance Center in 2011. In 1981, a powerful bomb exploded in the basement of the building, leaving it without windows for several years. The owners -Industrial Bank- decided to keep it open to the public to defy the leftist guerrilla. (from History of Guatemala)
Image 12Barrigones sculpture (from History of Guatemala)
Image 13Maya city of Tikal (from History of Guatemala)
Image 14Map of railway lines in Guatemala and El Salvador, which were owned by the IRCA, the subsidiary of the United Fruit Company that controlled the railroad in both countries, while the only Atlantic port was controlled by the Great White Fleet, also a UFCO's company (from History of Guatemala)
Image 15Inauguration of colonel Jacobo Árbenz as president of Guatemala in 1951 (from History of Guatemala)
Image 16Location of Franja Transversal del Norte -Northern Transversal Strip- in Guatemala (from History of Guatemala)
Image 17Central America in the 16th century before Spanish conquest (from History of Guatemala)
Image 18Chiltepe, a common pepper used on some Guatemalan dishes. (from Culture of Guatemala)
Image 19Proclamation Coin 1847 of the independent Republic of Guatemala (from History of Guatemala)
Image 20Marinalá power plant advertisement during Arbenz government (from History of Guatemala)
Image 21General Francisco Morazán (from History of Guatemala)
Image 22Map of Guatemala in 1829. Note that borders with Mexico, Yucatán and Chiapas are not defined. (from History of Guatemala)
Image 23Criollos rejoice upon learning about the declaration of independence on 15 September 1821. Painting by Rafael Beltranena. (from History of Guatemala)
Image 24Guatemalan National Penitentiary, built by Barrios to incarcerate and torture his political enemies (from History of Guatemala)
Image 251861 map of the boundary between British Honduras (now Belize) and Guatemala (from History of Guatemala)
Image 26General Carrera portrait celebrating the foundation of the Republic of Guatemala in 1847 (from History of Guatemala)

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Topics

Crime Education Health Languages LGBT rights People Demographics Prostitution Religion Sex trafficking Water supply and sanitation
Culture	Anthem Cuisine Flag Literature Media Music National emblem Public holidays

v t e Ancestry and ethnicity in Guatemala
Ancestral background of Guatemalan citizens
Guatemalan native groups (Maya and others)	Achi Akatek Awakatek Chuj Chʼortiʼ Itza Ixil Jakaltek Kaqchikel Kʼicheʼ Mam Mopan Poqomam Poqomchiʼ Qʼanjobʼal Qʼeqchiʼ Sakapultek Sipakapense Tektitek Tzʼutujil Uspantek Xinca
Former and extinct	Acala Chʼol Chinamita Kejache Kowoj Lakandon Chʼol Manche Chʼol Pipil Tojolabal Toquegua Yalain
Guatemalan mestizo	Mestizo Ladino
Descendants of Europeans (white or Criollo)	French German Italian Russian Spanish Swiss
Descendants of Asians	Jewish Korean Lebanese Romani
Afro-descendants	Garifuna Mulatto Zambo
Americas	Americans Mexicans Salvadorans

v t e National sports teams of Guatemala
Badminton Baseball Basketball Beach soccer Football M MU-20 MU-17 W Futsal Handball M W Rugby union M W Tennis M W Volleyball W WU-18
Olympics Paralympics Pan American Games

Football in Guatemala

National Football Federation of Guatemala

National teams

Men	National team Olympic (U-23) U-20 U-17 Futsal Beach soccer
Women	National team U-23 U-20 U-17

League system

Men	Liga Nacional Primera División de Ascenso Segunda División de Ascenso
Women	National Women's Football League

Domestic cups

Men	Copa de Guatemala

Awards

Footballer of the Year
Top scorers

Lists

Men's clubs
Women's clubs
Men's players
Women's players
Expatriate players
Managers
Referees
Venues
Seasons
Records

Languages of Guatemala

Official language

Spanish

Indigenous
languages

Mamean	Awaketek Ixil Mam Tektitek Chalchiteco
Qʼanjobalan	Akatek Chuj Jakaltek Qʼanjobʼal
Quichean	Achi Kʼicheʼ Kaqchikel Poqomam Poqomchiʼ Qʼeqchiʼ Sakapultek Sipakapense Tzʼutujil Uspantek
Yucatecan	Itzaʼ Mopan
Other	Chʼorti Garifuna Xinca Chinese Japanese Korean Plautdietsch Lebanese Italian French Romani

Sign languages

v t e Museums in Guatemala
Guatemala City	Museo de Historia Natural Museo del Ferrocarril FEGUA Museo Ixchel del Traje Indigena Museo Miraflores Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología Museo Nacional de Arte Moderno "Carlos Mérida" Museo Nacional de Historia Museo Popol Vuh	Guatemala portal
Antigua Guatemala	Museo del Libro Antiguo Hotel Casa Santo Domingo Hotel Museo Uxlabil
Provincial museums	Centro Cultural la Azotea Museo Regional de Arqueología de la Democracia Museo Regional de Chichicastenango Museo Regional del Sureste de Petén

v t e National parks of Guatemala
Cerro El Baúl Cerro El Reformador Cerro Miramundo Cuevas del Silvino El Rosario Grutas de Lanquín Laguna del Tigre Laguna El Pino Laguna Lachuá Las Victorias Los Aposentos Mirador Río Azul Naciones Unidas Pacaya Río Dulce Riscos de Momostenango San José la Colonia Sierra del Lacandón Sipacate-Naranjo Tikal Yaxhá-Nakúm-Naranjo		Guatemala portal

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Departments

Departments and municipalities

Guatemala is divided into 22 departments (departamentos) and sub-divided into about 332 municipalities (municipios).

The departments include:

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