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((Short description|Watch resistant to magnetic fluctuations))
((more citations needed|date=August 2013))
'''Anti-magnetic (non-magnetic) watches''' are those that are able to run with minimal deviation when exposed to a certain level of [[magnetic field]]. The [[International Organization for Standardization]] issued a standard for magnetic-resistant watches, which many countries have adopted.

==ISO 764 magnetic-resistant watches standard==
The international standard '''ISO 764 Horology—Magnetic resistant watches''' defines the resistance of watches to magnetic fields. According to ISO 764 or its equivalent [[DIN]] 8309 (Deutsches Institut für Normung - German Institute for Standardization) a [[watch]] must resist exposure to a direct current [[magnetic field]] of 4800&nbsp;[[Ampere|A]]/[[Metre|m]]. The watch must keep its accuracy to ±30 seconds/day as measured before the test in order to be acknowledged as a magnetic-resistant watch.
Annex A of ISO 764 deals with watches designated as magnetic resistant with an additional indication of intensity of a magnetic field exceeding 4800&nbsp;A/m.((Citation needed|date=September 2020))

There are two ways of building an anti-magnetic watch:
* The first way consists of making the moving parts of [[alloys]] chosen to be insensitive to magnetic fields. These alloys include [[Invar]] ([[iron]]–[[nickel]]–[[carbon]]–[[chromium]] alloy), [[Glucydur]] ([[beryllium]]–[[bronze]] alloy), [[Nivarox]] (iron–nickel–chromium–[[titanium]]–beryllium alloy) and [[Elinvar]] (an alloy similar to Invar, though less resistant to [[magnetism]] and more resistant to thermal influence). These alloys are preferred by different watchmakers due to their differing properties. In the 1960s, almost all Swiss watches had Glucydur balance and Nivarox [[hairspring]]s. The anchors, escape wheels and other watch mechanisms were also made of non-magnetic metals or alloys.((Citation needed|date=September 2020))
* Another way of making a watch non-magnetic is to house the entire movement into a case made of a highly [[Permeability (electromagnetism)|permeable]] (magnetically conductive) material. The movement is covered by an additional soft-iron clasp to prevent the forming of magnetic fields inside the watch itself.<ref name="Sinn MFP" />

==History==
The first recorded experiments in anti-magnetic watch-making are in 1846. Watchmakers from [[Vacheron Constantin]] were among the first to experiment with anti-magnetic features of a watch. However, they succeeded in assembling the first antimagnetic watch only several decades later. That watch was able to withstand magnetic fields because some of its parts were made of non-magnetic [[metals]]: the [[palladium]]-made [[balance wheel]], [[balance spring]] and the lever shaft.

In 1896 [[Charles Édouard Guillaume]] discovered the nickel based alloy '''Invar'''. Afterwards, in 1920, when he received the [[Nobel Prize]] in [[Physics]], he developed another alloy - '''Elinvar'''. These alloys assisted in the assembly of anti-magnetic watches. Invar and Elinvar are able to resist magnetic fields, allowing the watch to continue to keep accurate time.

The first anti-magnetic pocket watch was assembled by Vacheron Constantin in 1915. 

In 1930, [[Tissot]] produced the first ever non-magnetic [[wristwatch]].<ref>((cite web |title=Non-magnetism |url=https://www.tissotwatches.com/en-gb/history-nonmagnetism.html/ |publisher=[[Tissot]] |access-date=15 August 2021))</ref>

==Usage==
Since their appearance, anti-magnetic watches have been favored by people who deal with high magnetic fields. They are widespread among electronic engineers and in other professions where strong magnetic fields are present.

Today, even divers' watches (according to [[ISO 6425]]) must be anti-magnetic as well as being [[Waterproofing|water resistant]], [[luminosity|sufficiently luminous]], [[Shock resistant watch|shock resistant]] and have solid straps.

==Contributions==
[[Image:Milgaussnew.jpg|thumb|New version of the Rolex Milgauss]]

After discovering the alloys for assembling anti-magnetic watches, many watch-making brands utilize such materials in production in order to improve the performance of such timepieces.

===IWC===
In 1989 IWC first manufactured the Ingenieur Reference 3508,<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.iwc.com/en-us/collection/ingenieur/|title=Ingenieur))</ref> which was able to withstand huge magnetic fields of up to 500000 A/m.

===Omega===
[https://web.archive.org/web/20130510102435/http://www.omegawatches.com/uploads/pics/Seamaster_Aqua_Terra_300dpi.jpg The Omega Anti-Magnetic Seamaster]
[http://www.omegawatches.com/news/international-news/international-news-detail/2181%20announced was announced] 17 January 2013 (e.g. Seamaster Aqua Terra > 15,000 Gauss).  According to the press release, the OMEGA movement does not rely on a protective container inside the watchcase but on the use of selected non-ferrous materials in the movement itself. The OMEGA prototype was subjected to 1.5 Tesla (15,000 Gauss) and continued to perform. Testing showed that the watch was as accurate after its magnetic exposure as it had been before.

===Rolex===
The [[Rolex Milgauss]] series of antimagnetic certified chronometers was first manufactured in 1954 with the model 6541 for those working in nuclear, aircraft, and medical settings associated with strong magnetic fields. The watch has an advertised magnetic flux density resistance of 1,000 Gauss within magnetic fields of 80,000&nbsp;A/m. In 2007, after being out of production for nearly two decades a new Milgauss was introduced as the model number 116400.

===Sinn===
((multiple image
 | width = 160
 | image1 = Sinn Modell EZM3-0874.jpg
 | image2 = Sinn Modell EZM3-3087.jpg
 | footer = [[Diving watch]] Sinn "Einsatzzeitmesser 3" (EZM 3), highly resistant against shock, pressure and magnetic fields))
Certain [[diving watch]]es produced by [[Sinn_(watchmaker)|Sinn]] as mission timers (in German: "Einsatzzeitmesser") for professional users are also protected against magnetic fields up to 1,000&nbsp;Gauss / 80,000&nbsp;A/m, using a protective sheath consisting of a closed, magnetically soft inner case that includes the dial, the movement holding ring and the case back.<ref name="Sinn MFP">((cite web|url=https://www.sinn.de/en/Magnetic_Field_Protection.htm|title=Magnetic Field Protection|publisher=Sinn Spezialuhren GmbH|accessdate=April 4, 2022))</ref>

===METAS N001 requirements===
The Swiss [[Federal Institute of Metrology]] (METAS) has METAS N001 requirements for movements and mechanical watches resistant to magnetic fields of 1.5 Tesla (15,000 Gauss). The METAS N001 certification demands a series of tests were amongst other relevant requirements the watches are subjected to strong magnetic field exposures without resulting in the movement stopping or a 0 to ≤5 seconds daily rate deviation.<ref>[https://www.metas.ch/metas/en/home/dok/rechtliches/Zertifizierung_Uhren.html Certification of mechanical watches is in accordance with the METAS requirements N001]</ref>

==See also==
* [[Watch]]
* [[Diving watch]]
* [[Shock-resistant watch]]
* [[Water Resistant mark|Water-resistant watch]]
* [[Rolex Milgauss]]

==References==
((reflist))
* ((cite web |url=http://www.gadget4boys.com/index.php?page=articles&catid=2&id=5|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711062550/http://www.gadget4boys.com/index.php?page=articles&catid=2&id=5 |archivedate= 2011-07-11 |title=High-end Materials for High-end Watches |date=November 3, 2006))


==External links==
* [http://www.interwatches.com/vacheron-constantin-history Vacheron Constantin and Nonmagnetic Watches]

((ISO standards))

((DEFAULTSORT:Antimagnetic Watch))
[[Category:Watches]]

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