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Dumah (Heb. דּוּמָה‎ dūmā, "silence") is an angel mentioned in Rabbinical and Islamic literature as an angel who has authority over the wicked dead.[1][2] Dumah is a popular figure in Yiddish folklore. I. B. Singer's Short Friday (1964), a collection of stories, mentions Dumah as a "thousand-eyed angel of death, armed with a fiery rod or flaming sword". Dumah is the Aramaic word for silence.

The angel

Duma(h) or Douma (Aramaic) is the angel of silence and of the stillness of death.[3]

Dumah is also the tutelary angel of Egypt, prince of Hell, and angel of vindication. The Zohar speaks of him as having "tens of thousands of angels of destruction" under him, and as being "Chief of demons in Gehinnom [i.e., Hell] with 12,000 myriads of attendants, all charged with the punishment of the souls of sinners."[4] As the patron of Egypt, he disregarded the command of God to exercise judgment over the Egyptian deities. Whereupon God banishes him into Gehenna, there he becomes its ruler and three angels of destruction are appointed to him. He and his fellow angels torment the sinners every day in the week except on Sabbath.[5]

According to hadiths mentioned in Al-Suyuti's al-Haba'ik fi akhbar al-mala'ik, Azrael hands over the souls of the deceased unbelievers to Dumah.[6]

Other references

See also

References

  1. ^ Stephen Burge Angels in Islam: Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti's al-Haba'ik fi akhbar al-mala'ik Routledge 2015 ISBN 978-1-136-50473-0 page 91
  2. ^ Trachtenberg, Joshua (2004) [Originally published 1939]. Jewish Magic and Superstition. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 76. ISBN 9780812218626.
  3. ^ Definition partly taken from Gustav Davidson
  4. ^ Müller, History of Jewish Mysticism
  5. ^ Howard Schwartz Tree of Souls: The Mythology of Judaism Oxford University Press, 27.12.2006 ISBN 9780195327137 p. 214
  6. ^ Burge, Stephen (2015). Angels in Islam: Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti's al-Haba'ik fi akhbar al-mala'ik. Routledge. p. 73. ISBN 978-1-136-50473-0
  7. ^ Gallagher, 1999, p. 56.
  8. ^ Hoyland, 2001, p. 68.
  9. ^ (edit.) Boustan, Ra'anan S. Reed, Annette Yoshiko. Heavenly Realms and Earthly Realities in Late Antique Religions. Cambridge University Press, 2004.
  10. ^ Reitsleff, Rachel (September 23, 2018). "TV Review: SUPERNATURAL – Season 13 – "War of the Worlds"". AssignmentX. Retrieved December 13, 2018.

Bibliography

  • Gallagher, William R. (1999), Sennacherib's campaign to Judah: new studies (Illustrated ed.), BRILL, ISBN 978-90-04-11537-8
  • Hoyland, Robert G. (2001), Arabia and the Arabs: from the Bronze Age to the coming of Islam (Illustrated, reprint ed.), Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-19535-5
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