GNGT2

Identifiers

GNGT2, G-GAMMA-8, G-GAMMA-C, GNG8, GNG9, GNGT8, G protein subunit gamma transducin 2, HG3I

External IDs

OMIM: 139391 MGI: 893584 HomoloGene: 11325 GeneCards: GNGT2

Gene location (Human)

Chr.	Chromosome 17 (human)^[1]

Band	17q21.32	Start	49,202,791 bp^[1]
Band	17q21.32	End	49,210,574 bp^[1]

Gene location (Mouse)

Chr.	Chromosome 11 (mouse)^[2]

Band	11 D\|11 59.01 cM	Start	95,837,216 bp^[2]
Band	11 D\|11 59.01 cM	End	95,845,734 bp^[2]

RNA expression pattern

Bgee

Top expressed in
muscle tissue thymus spleen blood lymph node adrenal gland appendix lung right lung
More reference expression data

BioGPS


More reference expression data

Gene ontology
Molecular function	signal transducer activity GO:0006184 GTPase activity G-protein beta-subunit binding
Cellular component	heterotrimeric G-protein complex plasma membrane membrane G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex
Biological process	G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway signal transduction phototransduction
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

Entrez


2793


14710

Ensembl


ENSG00000167083


ENSMUSG00000038811

UniProt


O14610


Q61017

RefSeq (mRNA)


NM_001198754 NM_001198755 NM_001198756 NM_031498


NM_001038664 NM_001284393 NM_001284397 NM_023121

RefSeq (protein)


NP_001185683 NP_001185684 NP_001185685 NP_113686


NP_001033753 NP_001271322 NP_001271326 NP_075610

Location (UCSC)

Chr 17: 49.2 – 49.21 Mb

Chr 11: 95.84 – 95.85 Mb

PubMed search

^[3]

^[4]

Wikidata

View/Edit Human

View/Edit Mouse

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNGT2 gene.^[5]^[6]

Phototransduction in rod and cone photoreceptors is regulated by groups of signaling proteins. The encoded protein is thought to play a crucial role in cone phototransduction. It belongs to the G protein gamma family and localized specifically in cones. There is evidence for use of multiple polyadenylation sites by this gene.^[6]

References

Cohen NA, Sha Q, Makhina EN, et al. (1997). "Inhibition of an inward rectifier potassium channel (Kir2.3) by G-protein betagamma subunits". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (50): 32301–5. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.50.32301. PMID 8943291.
Huang CL, Jan YN, Jan LY (1997). "Binding of the G protein betagamma subunit to multiple regions of G protein-gated inward-rectifying K+ channels". FEBS Lett. 405 (3): 291–8. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(97)00197-X. PMID 9108307. S2CID 44072628.
Cook LA, Schey KL, Cleator JH, et al. (2002). "Identification of a region in G protein γ subunits conserved across species but hypervariable among subunit isoforms". Protein Sci. 10 (12): 2548–55. doi:10.1110/ps.ps.26401. PMC 2374038. PMID 11714923.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
Cuello F, Schulze RA, Heemeyer F, et al. (2003). "Activation of heterotrimeric G proteins by a high energy phosphate transfer via nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) B and Gbeta subunits. Complex formation of NDPK B with Gbeta gamma dimers and phosphorylation of His-266 IN Gbeta". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (9): 7220–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M210304200. PMID 12486123.
Ivanina T, Rishal I, Varon D, et al. (2003). "Mapping the Gbetagamma-binding sites in GIRK1 and GIRK2 subunits of the G protein-activated K+ channel". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (31): 29174–83. doi:10.1074/jbc.M304518200. PMID 12743112.
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
DePuy SD, Yao J, Hu C, et al. (2006). "The molecular basis for T-type Ca2+ channel inhibition by G protein β2γ2 subunits". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103 (39): 14590–5. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10314590D. doi:10.1073/pnas.0603945103. PMC 1600004. PMID 16973746.

Intracellular signaling peptides and proteins

MAP

see MAP kinase pathway

Calcium

G protein

Heterotrimeric

cAMP:	Heterotrimeric G protein Gs/Gi Adenylate cyclase cAMP 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase Protein kinase A
cGMP:	Transducin Gustducin Guanylate cyclase cGMP 3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase Protein kinase G
G alpha subunit G_α GNAO1 GNAI1 GNAI2 GNAI3 GNAT1 GNAT2 GNAT3 GNAZ GNAS GNAL GNAQ GNA11 GNA12 GNA13 GNA14 GNA15/GNA16
G beta-gamma complex G_β GNB1 GNB2 GNB3 GNB4 GNB5 G_γ GNGT1 GNGT2 GNG2 GNG3 GNG4 GNG5 GNG7 GNG8 GNG10 GNG11 GNG12 GNG13 BSCL2
G protein-coupled receptor kinase AMP-activated protein kinase

Monomeric

Cyclin

Lipid

Other protein kinase

Serine/threonine:	Casein kinase 1 2 eIF-2 kinase EIF2AK3 Glycogen synthase kinase GSK1 GSK2 GSK-3 GSK3A GSK3B IκB kinase CHUK IKK2 IKBKG Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase IRAK1 IRAK2 IRAK3 IRAK4 Lim kinase LIMK1 LIMK2 p21-activated kinases PAK1 PAK2 PAK3 PAK4 Rho-associated protein kinase ROCK1 ROCK2 Ribosomal s6 kinase RPS6KA1
Tyrosine:	ZAP70 Focal adhesion protein-tyrosine kinase PTK2 PTK2B BTK
both	Dual-specificity kinase

Other protein phosphatase

Serine/threonine:	Protein phosphatase 2
Tyrosine:	protein tyrosine phosphatase: Receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase Sh2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase
both:	Dual-specificity phosphatase

Apoptosis

see apoptosis signaling pathway

GTP-binding protein regulators

see GTP-binding protein regulators

Other

see also deficiencies of intracellular signaling peptides and proteins

References

Further reading