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((Short description|Former general in the Indian army))
((EngvarB|date=July 2016))
((Use dmy dates|date=July 2016))
((more citations needed|date=December 2011))
((Infobox officeholder
|honorific_prefix=[[Lieutenant General]]
|name = Kunhiraman Palat Candeth
|honorific_suffix=[[Param Vishisht Seva Medal|PVSM]]
|image= Kunhiraman Palath Candeth-.jpg
|office          = [[List of Governors of Goa|Military Governor of Goa, Daman and Diu]]
|term_start      = 19 December 1961
|term_end        = 6 June 1962
|predecessor     = ''Post Established''
|successor       = T. Sivasankar (as [[List of Governors of Goa|Lieutenant Governor of Goa, Daman and Diu]])
|birth_date= 23 September 1916
|death_date= 19 May 2003
|birth_place=[[Ottapalam]], [[Malabar district]], [[India]]. 
(Presently in [[Palakkad]], [[Kerala]])
|death_place= 
|placeofburial=
|nickname=
|allegiance=((flag|British India))<br> ((flag|India))
|branch=((army|British India))<br>((army|India))
|serviceyears=1934–1973
|rank= [[File:Lieutenant General of the Indian Army.svg|14px]] [[Lieutenant General]]
|unit=[[Royal Indian Artillery]]
|commands=[[File:IA_Western_Command.svg|20px]] [[Western Command (India)|Western Army]]<br/> 8 Mountain Division<br/>17 Infantry Division
|battles=[[World War II]]<br />[[Indo-Pakistan War of 1947]]<br />[[Operation Vijay (1961)|Operation Vijay]]<br />[[Indo-Pakistan War of 1965]]<br />[[Indo-Pakistan War of 1971]]
|awards= [[File:Padma Bhushan Ribbon.svg|23px]] [[Padma Bhushan]]<br />[[File:Param Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]] 
|relations= [[C. Sankaran Nair|Sir C. Sankaran Nair]] (Maternal Grandfather) <br/> [[Vengayil Kunhiraman Nayanar]] (Paternal Grandfather)
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
))

[[Lieutenant General]] '''Kunhiraman Palat Candeth''', [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal|PVSM]] (23 October 1916&nbsp;– 19 May 2003) was a senior [[Army ranks and insignia of India|officer]] in the [[Indian Army]] who played a commanding role in the [[Indian annexation of Goa|Liberation of Goa]] from [[Portuguese India|Portuguese control]] in 1961, and briefly served as the [[List of Governors of Goa|Military Governor of Goa, Daman and Diu]].

He later served as the [[Vice Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Deputy Chief of Army Staff]] based in [[GHQ India|GHQ in New Delhi]] during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|second war]] in 1965, and later effectively commanded the [[Western Command (India)|Western Command]] during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|third war]] with Pakistan in 1971.

==Early life==
He was born in [[Ottapalam]], [[Malabar District]] (now [[Kerala]]) in [[British Raj|British India]] (now [[India]]) to MA Candeth, the son of the landlord and writer [[Vengayil Kunhiraman Nayanar]]. His maternal grandfather was [[Sir C. Sankaran Nair]], who was the President of the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>C. Sankaran Nair By Kumara Padmanabha Sivasankara Menon p.138</ref><ref>BJP today, Volume 12. Page:20, Column:3</ref>

==Military career==
===Pre-independence===
Commissioned into the Royal Artillery in 1936, Candeth saw action in West Asia during the Second World War. Shortly before India's independence from colonial rule, he was deployed in the [[North-West Frontier Province (1901–1955)|North West Frontier Province]], bordering [[Afghanistan]], to quell local tribal uprisings. The mountainous terrain gave Candeth the experience for his later operations against [[Nagaland]] separatists in the North East. He attended the Military Services Staff College at [[Quetta]], capital of [[Baluchistan (Pakistan)|Baluchistan]] in 1945.

===Kashmir 1947===
After Independence, Candeth was commanding an artillery regiment that was deployed to [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] after [[Pakistan]]-backed tribesmen attacked and captured a third of the province before being forced back by the Indian Army. Thereafter, Candeth held a series of senior appointments, including that of Director General of Artillery at Army Headquarters in [[Delhi]], to which he was appointed on 8 September 1959, with the acting rank of major-general (substantive colonel).<ref name="actg_maj_gen">((cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=260  |date=24 October 1959 |publisher=The Gazette of India))</ref>

===North East===
After relinquishing command as Goa's Military Governor in 1963, Candeth was appointed GOC, Nagaland on 23 August 1963.<ref>((cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=339  |date=5 October 1963 |publisher=The Gazette of India))</ref> He took command of the newly raised 8 Mountain Division in the North-East on 15 November 1963,<ref>((cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=9  |date=11 January 1964 |publisher=The Gazette of India))</ref> where he battled, although with little success, the highly organised Naga insurgents. The insurgency in the North East has not been quelled completely to this day. On 7 May 1965, he was appointed Deputy Chief of the Army Staff (DCOAS) with the acting rank of lieutenant-general.<ref name="DCOAS">((cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=211  |date=2 April 1966 |publisher=The Gazette of India))</ref> He was promoted to lieutenant-general on 17 January 1966,<ref name="lt_gen">((cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=211  |date=2 April 1966 |publisher=The Gazette of India))</ref> and was appointed GOC-in-C, Western Command on 27 September 1969.<ref>((cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=1072  |date=1 November 1969 |publisher=The Gazette of India))</ref>

==Awards and later life==
Lt. Gen. Kunhiraman Palat Candeth was awarded the [[PVSM|Param Vishisht Seva Medal]] and also the [[Padma Bhushan]] by the [[Government of India]].<ref name="Padma Awards">((cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |date=2015 |access-date=21 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 ))</ref> Retiring from the army on 21 October 1972,<ref>((cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=105  |date=27 January 1973|publisher=The Gazette of India))</ref> he joined the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) in the 1990s and was appointed a member of the Party's Executive Committee.<ref>((Cite news |last= |first= |last2= |last3= |first3= |title='Liberator of Goa' Candeth dead |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/liberator-of-goa-candeth-dead/articleshow/46887325.cms |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=The Times of India |date= 19 May 2003|language=en))</ref>

==Dates of rank==
{|class="wikitable" style="background:white"
! Insignia !! Rank !! Component !! Date of rank
|-
|align="center" |[[File:British_Army_OF-1a.svg|35px]] || [[Second lieutenant#United Kingdom & other Commonwealth countries|Second Lieutenant]] || [[British Indian Army]] || 15 July 1937 (seniority 30 August 1936)<ref name="Indian_Army_List_47">((cite book|pages=226|title=Indian Army List (Special Edition) August 1947|publisher=Government of India Press|year=1947))</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:British_Army_OF-1b.svg|35px]] || [[Lieutenant (British Army and Royal Marines)|Lieutenant]] || British Indian Army || 30 November 1938<ref>((cite book|pages=221P|title=Indian Army List (April 1939)|publisher=Government of India Press|year=1939))</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:British_Army_OF-2.svg|35px]] || [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|Captain]] || British Indian Army  || 1940 (acting)<ref name="Indian_Army_List_47"/><br>1 January 1941 (temporary)<ref name="Indian_Army_List_47"/><br>30 August 1944 (substantive)<ref name="Indian_Army_List_47"/>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:British_Army_OF-2.svg|35px]] || Captain || [[Indian Army]]  || 15 August 1947<ref name="insignia" group="note">Upon independence in 1947, India became a [[Dominion of India|Dominion]] within the British [[Commonwealth of Nations]]. As a result, the rank insignia of the [[British Army]], incorporating the [[Tudor Crown (heraldry)|Tudor Crown]] and four-pointed [[Order of the Bath|Bath Star]] ("pip"), was retained, as [[George VI of the United Kingdom|George VI]] remained Commander-in-Chief of the [[Indian Armed Forces]]. After 26 January 1950, when India became a [[Republic of India|republic]], the [[President of India]] became Commander-in-Chief, and the [[Lion Capital of Asoka|Ashoka Lion]] replaced the crown, with a five-pointed star being substituted for the "pip."</ref><ref name="insignia_designs"/>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:British Army (1928-1953) OF-6.svg|35px]] || [[Brigadier (United Kingdom)|Brigadier]] || Indian Army  || 1948 (acting)<ref name="insignia" group="note"/><ref name="insignia_designs"/>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:British_Army_(1920-1953)_OF-3.svg|35px]] || Major || Indian Army  || 30 August 1949<ref name="major_subs">((cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=1520  |date=29 October 1949 |publisher=The Gazette of India))</ref><ref name="insignia" group="note"/><ref name="insignia_designs"/>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Major_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Major (rank)|Major]] || Indian Army || 26 January 1950 (recommissioning and change in insignia)<ref name="insignia_designs">((cite web|title=New Designs of Crests and Badges in the Services|url=http://pib.nic.in/archive/docs/DVD_38/ACC%20NO%20807-BR/HOM-1950-01-06_484.pdf|website=Press Information Bureau of India - Archive|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808193914/http://pib.nic.in/archive/docs/DVD_38/ACC%20NO%20807-BR/HOM-1950-01-06_484.pdf|archive-date=8 August 2017|df=dmy-all))</ref><ref>((cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=227  |date=11 February 1950 |publisher=The Gazette of India))</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Lieutenant_Colonel_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Lieutenant-Colonel]] || Indian Army || 1953
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Colonel_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Colonel]] || Indian Army || 30 August 1956<ref>((cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=97  |date=20 April 1957 |publisher=The Gazette of India))</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Brigadier_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]]  || [[Brigadier]] || Indian Army || 30 August 1959<ref>((cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=266  |date=31 October 1959 |publisher=The Gazette of India))</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Major_General_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Major general#India|Major General]] || Indian Army || 8 September 1959 (acting)<ref name="actg_maj_gen"/>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Lieutenant_General_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]]  || [[Lieutenant-General]] || Indian Army || 7 May 1965 (acting)<ref name="DCOAS"/><br>11 January 1966 (substantive)<ref name="lt_gen"/>
|-
|}

==See also==
*[[Operation Vijay (1961)|Operation Vijay]]
*[[World War II]]
*[[Vengayil Kunhiraman Nayanar]]

==Notes==
((Reflist|group=note))

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
*((usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20070427113529/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2003/05/20/stories/2003052002461300.htm K.P. Candeth's obituary in ''The Hindu'']))
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060714020422/http://www.goavidhansabha.gov.in/pastgov.php https://web.archive.org/web/20060714020422/http://www.goavidhansabha.gov.in/pastgov.php]

((S-start))
((s-mil))
((s-bef|before=Moti Sagar))
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((s-aft|after=[[Jagjit Singh Aurora]]))
((s-bef|before=[[Harbaksh Singh]]))
((s-ttl|title=[[General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Western Command]]|years=1969-1972))
((s-aft|after=M. L. Thapan))
((S-end))

((Indo-Pakistani War of 1971))
((PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1970–79))
((Padma Award winners of Kerala))
((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Candeth, K. P.))
[[Category:1916 births|Candeth, K.P.]]
[[Category:2003 deaths|Candeth, K.P.]]
[[Category:Indian generals]]
[[Category:Generals of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]
[[Category:People from Ottapalam]]
[[Category:History of Goa]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Kerala|Candeth, KP]]
[[Category:Rashtriya Indian Military College alumni]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in civil service]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Param Vishisht Seva Medal]]
[[Category:Deputy Chiefs of Army Staff (India)]]

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