The History of Sikhs Train to Pakistan Delhi: A Novel The Company of Women Truth, Love and a Little Malice: An Autobiography With Malice towards One and All Why I Supported the Emergency: Essays and Profiles Khushwantnama, The Lessons of My Life Punjab, Punjabis & Punjabiyat: Reflections on a Land and its People The Mark of Vishnu and Other Stories The Portrait of a Lady
Notable awards
Rockefeller Grant Padma Bhushan Honest Man of the Year Punjab Rattan Award Padma Vibhushan Sahitya Akademi Fellowship All-India Minorities Forum Annual Fellowship Award Lifetime Achievement Award Fellow of King's College The Grove Press Award
Relatives
Sardar Sujan Singh (grandfather) Lakshmi Devi (grandmother) Sir Sobha Singh (father) Viran Bai (mother) Sardar Ujjal Singh (uncle) Bhagwant Singh (brother) Brigadier Gurbux Singh (brother) Daljit Singh (brother) Mohinder Kaur (sister) Kanwal Malik (spouse) Rahul Singh (son) Mala (daughter) Sir Teja Singh Malik (father-in-law)
Khushwant Singh (born Khushal Singh, 2 February 1915 – 20 March 2014) was an Indian author, lawyer, diplomat, journalist and politician. His experience in the 1947 Partition of India inspired him to write Train to Pakistan in 1956 (made into film in 1998), which became his most well-known novel.[1][2]
Khushwant Singh was born in Hadali, Khushab District, Punjab (which now lies in Pakistan), in a Sikh family. He was the younger son of Sir Sobha Singh, who later witnessed against Bhagat Singh, and Veeran Bai. Births and deaths were not recorded in his time, and for him his father simply made up 2 February 1915 for his school enrollment at Modern School, New Delhi.[6] But his grandmother Lakshmi Devi asserted that he was born in August, so he later set the date for himself as 15 August.[1] Sobha Singh was a prominent builder in Lutyens' Delhi.[7] His uncle Sardar Ujjal Singh (1895–1983) was previously Governor of Punjab and Tamil Nadu.
His birth name, given by his grandmother, was Khushal Singh (meaning "Prosperous Lion"). He was called by a pet name "Shalee". At school his name earned him ridicule as other boys would mock him with an expression, "Shalee Shoolee, Bagh dee Moolee" (meaning, "This shalee or shoolee is the radish of some garden.") He chose Khushwant so that it rhymes with his elder brother's name Bhagwant.[8] He declared that his new name was "self-manufactured and meaningless". However, he later discovered that there was a Hindu physician with the same name, and the number subsequently increased.[9]
Khushwant Singh started his professional career as a practicing lawyer in 1939 at Lahore in the Chamber of Manzur Qadir and Ijaz Husain Batalvi. He worked at Lahore Court for eight years where he worked with some of his best friends and fans including Akhtar Aly Kureshy, Advocate, and Raja Muhammad Arif, Advocate. In 1947, he entered the Indian Foreign Service for the newly independent India. He started as Information Officer of the Government of India in Toronto, Canada, and moved on to be the Press Attaché and Public Officer for the Indian High Commission for four years in London and Ottawa. In 1951, he joined the All India Radio as a journalist. Between 1954 and 1956 he worked in Department of Mass Communication of the UNESCO at Paris.[16][17] From 1956 he turned to editorial services. He founded and edited Yojana,[18] an Indian government journal in 1951–1953; The Illustrated Weekly of India, a newsweekly;The National Herald.[19][20] He was also appointed as editor of Hindustan Times on Indira Gandhi's personal recommendation.[21]
During his tenure, The Illustrated Weekly became India's pre-eminent newsweekly, with its circulation raising from 65,000 to 400,000.[22] After working for nine years in the weekly, on 25 July 1978, a week before he was to retire, the management asked Singh to leave "with immediate effect".[22] A new editor was installed the same day.[22] After Singh's departure, the weekly suffered a huge drop in readership.[23] In 2016 Khushwant Singh enters Limca Book of Records as a tribute.[24]
Politics
Khushwant Singh meeting Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam before receiving the Padma Vibhushan.
From 1980 to 1986, Singh was a member of Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian parliament. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 1974 for service to his country. In 1984, he returned the award in protest against the siege of the Golden Temple by the Indian Army.[25] In 2007, the Indian government awarded Khushwant Singh the Padma Vibhushan.[5]
As a public figure, Khushwant Singh was accused of favouring the ruling Congress party, especially during the reign of Indira Gandhi. When Indira Gandhi announced nation-wide-emergency, he openly supported it and was derisively called an 'establishment liberal'.[26]
Singh was a votary of greater diplomatic relations with Israel at a time when India did not want to displease Arab nations where thousands of Indians found employment. He visited Israel in the 1970s and was impressed by its progress.[28]
Personal life
Khushwant Singh was married to Kanwal Malik. Malik was his childhood friend who had moved to London earlier. They met again when he studied law at King's College London, and soon got married.[2] They were married in Delhi, with Chetan Anand and Iqbal Singh as the only invitees.[29]Muhammad Ali Jinnah also attended the formal service.[30] They had a son, named Rahul Singh, and a daughter, named Mala. His wife predeceased him in 2001.[19] Actress Amrita Singh is the daughter of his brother Daljit Singh's son – Shavinder Singh and Rukhsana Sultana. He stayed in "Sujan Singh Park", near Khan Market New Delhi, Delhi's first apartment complex, built by his father in 1945, and named after his grandfather.[31]
Religious belief
Singh was a self-proclaimed agnostic, as the title of his 2011 book Agnostic Khushwant: There is no God explicitly revealed. He was particularly against organised religion. He was evidently inclined towards atheism, as he said, "One can be a saintly person without believing in God and a detestable villain believing in him. In my personalised religion, There Is No God!"[32] He also once said, "I don't believe in rebirth or in reincarnation, in the day of judgement or in heaven or hell. I accept the finality of death."[33] His last book The Good, The Bad and The Ridiculous was published in October 2013, following which he retired from writing.[34] The book was his continued critique of religion and especially its practice in India, including the critique of the clergy and priests. It earned a lot of acclaim in India.[35] Khushwant Singh had once controversially claimed that Sikhism was a form of "bearded Hinduism".[36]
Death
Singh died of natural causes on 20 March 2014 at his Delhi residence, at the age of 99. The President, Vice-President and Prime Minister of India all issued messages honouring Singh.[37] He was cremated at Lodhi Crematorium in Delhi at 4 in the afternoon of the same day.[3] During his lifetime, Khushwant Singh was keen on burial because he believed that with a burial we give back to the earth what we have taken. He had requested the management of the Baháʼí Faith if he could be buried in their cemetery. After initial agreement, they had proposed some conditions which were unacceptable to Singh, and hence the idea was later abandoned.[38] He was born in Hadali, Khushab District in the Punjab Province of modern Pakistan, in 1915. According to his wishes, some of his ashes were brought and scattered in Hadali.[39]
In 1943 he had already written his own obituary, included in his collection of short stories Posthumous. Under the headline "Sardar Khushwant Singh Dead", the text reads:
We regret to announce the sudden death of Sardar Khushwant Singh at 6 pm last evening. He leaves behind a young widow, two infant children and a large number of friends and admirers. Amongst those who called at the late sardar’s residence were the PA to the chief justice, several ministers, and judges of the high court.[40]
He also prepared an epitaph for himself, which runs:
Here lies one who spared neither man nor God; Waste not your tears on him, he was a sod; Writing nasty things he regarded as great fun; Thank the Lord he is dead, this son of a gun.[41]
He was cremated and his ashes are buried in Hadali school, where a plaque is placed bearing the inscription:
IN MEMORY OF SARDAR KHUSHWANT SINGH (1915–2014) A SIKH, A SCHOLAR AND A SON OF HADALI (Punjab) 'This is where my roots are. I have nourished them with tears of nostalgia ...[42]'
Padma Bhushan, Government of India (1974) (He returned the decoration in 1984 in protest against the Union government's siege of the Golden Temple, Amritsar)[17]
^Singh, Khushwant (2000). "Forward". In Chatterji, Lola (ed.). The Fiction of St. Stephen's. New Delhi: Ravi Dayal Publisher. pp. v–vi. ISBN81-7530-030-2. OCLC45799950.
^ abcKhushwant Singh (1993). "Farewell to the Illustrated Weekly". In Nandini Mehta (ed.). Not a Nice Man To Know. Penguin Books. p. 8. On 25 July 1978, one week before he was to retire, he was abruptly asked to leave with immediate effect. Khushwant quietly got up, collected his umbrella, and without a word to his staff, left the office where he had worked for nine years, raising the Illustrated Weekly's circulation from 65,000 to 400,000. The new editor was installed the same day, and ordered by the Weekly's management to kill the "Farewell" column.
