Princely State of Kashmir and Jammu | |
---|---|
1846–1952 | |
Map of Kashmir and Jammu State | |
Status | Princely state (1846-1947) Sovereign state (14 August-27 October 1947) Indian suzerainty (1947-1952) |
Capital | Srinagar |
Common languages | Kashmiri (Koshur), Dogri, Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu), Ladakhi, Balti, Shina, and others |
Religion | Hinduism (state religion), Islam (majority), Sikhism, Buddhism, Jainism |
Government | Monarchy as a princely state (1846-1947) Sovereign monarchy (14 August-27 October 1947) Vassal monarchy (1947-1951) Vassal constitutional monarchy (1951-1952) |
Maharaja | |
• 16 March 1846 – 30 June 1857 | Gulab Singh (first) |
• 23 September 1925 – 17 November 1952 | Hari Singh (last) |
Prime Minister | |
• 1917 – 1921 | Raja Sir Daljit Singh (first) |
• 5 March 1948 - 17 November 1952 | Sheikh Abdullah (last) |
Legislature | Constituent Assembly (from 1951) |
History | |
• Princely state established | 1846 |
• Independence from the British Raj | 14 August 1947 |
22 October 1947 | |
• Accession to the Indian Union | 26–27 October 1947 |
1 January 1949 | |
• Constitutional state of India | 17 November 1952 |
• Disestablished | 1952 |
Area | |
• Total | 85,885[1] sq mi (222,440 km2) |
Today part of | India (Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh) Pakistan (Azad Kashmir, Gilgit-Baltistan) China (Aksai Chin, Trans-Karakoram Tract) |
Jammu and Kashmir, officially known as the Princely State of Kashmir and Jammu,[3] was a princely state during the Company rule from 1846 to 1858 as well as the British Raj in India from 1858 to 1947. The princely state was created after the First Anglo-Sikh War, from the territories that had earlier been in the Sikh Empire. After the British Raj ended and the Partition of India happened in 1947, the state was briefly independent, till roughly a third of the state came under Pakistani control after a Pakistani-supported invasion of Pashtun tribesman. The rest remains disputed under Indian and Chinese control. The India–Pakistan dispute regarding the accession remains unresolved.
According to the census reports of 1911, 1921 and 1931, the administration was organised as follows:[4][5]
In the 1941 census, further details of the frontier districts were given:[4]
# | Name | Took Office | Left Office |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Raja Sir Daljit Singh | 1917 | 1921 |
2 | Raja Hari Singh | 1925 | 1927 |
3 | Sir Albion Banerjee | January 1927 | March 1929 |
4 | G. E. C. Wakefield | 1929 | 1931 |
5 | Hari Krishan Kaul[6] | 1931 | 1932 |
6 | Elliot James Dowell Colvin[6] | 1932 | 1936 |
7 | Sir Barjor J. Dalal | 1936 | 1936 |
8 | Sir N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar | 1937 | July 1943 |
9 | Kailash Narain Haksar | July 1943 | February 1944 |
10 | Sir B. N. Rau | February 1944 | 28 June 1945 |
11 | Ram Chandra Kak | 28 June 1945 | 11 August 1947 |
12 | Janak Singh | 11 August 1947 | 15 October 1947 |
13 | Mehr Chand Mahajan | 15 October 1947 | 5 March 1948 |
14 | Sheikh Abdullah | 5 March 1948 | 8 August 1953 |