((Short description|Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1996–2001, since 2009)))
((Pp|small=yes))
((BLP sources|date=May 2023))
((Use Bangladeshi English|date=July 2021))
((Use dmy dates|date=September 2021))
((Infobox officeholder
| name                = Sheikh Hasina
| honorific-prefix    = [[The Honourable#Bangladesh|The Honourable]]
| honorific-suffix    = [[Member of Parliament (Bangladesh)|MP]]
| native_name         = ((nobold|শেখ হাসিনা))
| image               = Sheikh Hasina in Sep 2023.jpg
| caption             = Hasina in 2023
| office              = 10th [[Prime Minister of Bangladesh]]
| president           = ((ubl|[[Iajuddin Ahmed]]|[[Zillur Rahman]]|[[Mohammad Abdul Hamid]]|[[Shahabuddin Chuppu|Mohammed Shahabuddin]]))
| term_start          = 6 January 2009
| term_end            = 
| predecessor         = [[Fakhruddin Ahmed]] (acting)
| successor           = 
| president1          = ((ubl|[[Abdur Rahman Biswas]]|[[Shahabuddin Ahmed]]))
| term_start1         = 23 June 1996
| term_end1           = 15 July 2001
| predecessor1        = [[Muhammad Habibur Rahman]] (acting)
| successor1          = [[Latifur Rahman]] (acting)
| office4             = 8th [[Leader of the House (Bangladesh)|Leader of the House]]
| term_start4         = 6 January 2009
| term_end4           = 
| predecessor4        = [[Khaleda Zia]]
| successor4          = 
| term_start5         = 23 June 1996
| term_end5           = 15 July 2001
| predecessor5        = Khaleda Zia
| successor5          = Khaleda Zia
| office6             = 8th [[President of Awami League]]
| 1blankname6         = General Secretary
| 1namedata6          = ((ubl|[[Abdur Razzaq (politician, born 1942)|Abdur Razzaq]]|[[Syeda Sajeda Chowdhury]]|[[Zillur Rahman]]|[[Abdul Jalil (politician)|Abdul Jalil]]|[[Sayed Ashraful Islam]]|[[Obaidul Quader]]))
| term_start6         = 16 February 1981
| term_end6           = 
| predecessor6        = [[Abdul Malek Ukil]]
| successor6          = 
| office7             = [[Member of Parliament (Bangladesh)|Member of Parliament]]
| term_start7         = 12 June 1996
| term_end7           = 
| predecessor7        = [[Mujibur Rahman Howlader]]
| successor7          = 
| constituency7       = [[Gopalganj-3]]
| term_start8         = 27 February 1991
| term_end8           = 15 February 1996
| predecessor8        = [[Kazi Firoz Rashid]]
| successor8          = Mujibur Rahman Howlader
| constituency8       = [[Gopalganj-3]]
| office9             = 2nd [[Leader of the Opposition (Bangladesh)|Leader of the Opposition]]
| primeminister9      = Khaleda Zia
| term_start9         = 10 October 2001
| term_end9           = 29 October 2006
| predecessor9        = Khaleda Zia
| successor9          = Khaleda Zia
| primeminister10     = Khaleda Zia
| term_start10        = 20 March 1991
| term_end10          = 30 March 1996
| predecessor10       = [[A. S. M. Abdur Rab|Abdur Rab]]
| successor10         = Khaleda Zia
| president11         = [[Hussain Muhammad Ershad]]
| term_start11        = 7 May 1986
| term_end11          = 3 March 1988
| predecessor11       = [[Asaduzzaman Khan (politician, born 1916)|Asaduzzaman Khan]]
| successor11         = Abdur Rab
| birth_date          = ((birth date and age|1947|9|28|df=y))
| birth_place         = [[Tungipara Upazila|Tungipara]], East Bengal, Dominion of Pakistan<!-- DO NOT LINK PER MOS:GEOLINK -->
| death_date          = 
| death_place         = 
| party               = [[Bangladesh Awami League]]
| otherparty          = [[Grand Alliance (Bangladesh)|Grand Alliance]] (since 2008)
| spouse              = ((marriage|[[M. A. Wazed Miah]]|1968|2009|end=died))
| father              = [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]]
| mother              = [[Sheikh Fazilatunnesa Mujib]]
| children            = ((Hlist|[[Sajeeb Wazed|Sajeeb]]|[[Saima Wazed|Saima]]))
| relatives           = ''See [[Sheikh–Wazed family|Sheikh-Wazed family]]''
| education           = ((ubl|[[Eden Mohila College]]|[[University of Dhaka]]))
| signature           = Sheikh hasina signature.svg
| residence           = [[Ganabhaban]], [[Sher-e-Bangla Nagar]], [[Dhaka]]
))
((Sheikh Hasina sidebar))
'''Sheikh Hasina Wazed''' (((lang-bn|শেখ হাসিনা ওয়াজেদ)); born 28 September 1947) is a Bangladeshi<!-- DO NOT LINK PER MOS:OVERLINK --> politician who has served as the tenth [[prime minister of Bangladesh]] from June 1996 to July 2001 and again since January 2009. She is the daughter of [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]], the founding father and first [[president of Bangladesh]]. Having served for a combined total of over 19 years, she is the longest serving prime minister in the [[History of Bangladesh (1971–present)|history of Bangladesh]]. As of ((date)), she is the world's longest-serving female [[head of government]].<ref>((cite news |url=https://archive.dhakatribune.com/world/2019/09/11/survey-sheikh-hasina-tops-as-longest-serving-female-leader-in-world |title=Survey: Sheikh Hasina tops as longest serving female leader in world |date=11 September 2019 |access-date=10 June 2022 |work=Dhaka Tribune |archive-date=10 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610083246/https://archive.dhakatribune.com/world/2019/09/11/survey-sheikh-hasina-tops-as-longest-serving-female-leader-in-world |url-status=live))</ref>

As the autocratic regime of [[Hussain Muhammad Ershad]] came to an end, Hasina, leader of the [[Awami League]] (AL), lost the [[1991 Bangladeshi general election|1991 election]] to [[Khaleda Zia]], with whom she had collaborated against Ershad.<ref name="revolution" /><ref name="tale" /> As leader of the opposition, Hasina accused Zia's [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]] (BNP) of electoral dishonesty and boycotted the parliament, which was followed by violent demonstrations and political turmoil.<ref name="polls" /> Zia resigned to a [[caretaker government]], followed by Hasina becoming prime minister after the [[June 1996 Bangladeshi general election|June 1996 election]]. While the country began to experience economic growth and a reduction in poverty, it remained in political tumult during her first term, which ended in [[2001 Bangladeshi general election|July 2001]] after an electoral defeat from Zia. This was the first full five-year term for a Bangladeshi prime minister since [[Independence of Bangladesh|it became an independent country]].

During the [[2006–2008 Bangladeshi political crisis|2006–2008 political crisis]], Hasina was detained on extortion charges. After her release from jail, she won the [[2008 Bangladeshi general election|2008 election]]. In [[2014 Bangladeshi general election|2014]], she was re-elected for a third term in an election that was boycotted by the [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party|BNP]] and criticised by international observers. In 2017, after nearly a million [[Rohingya]] entered the country, fleeing [[Rohingya genocide|genocide in Myanmar]], Hasina received credit and praise for giving them refuge and assistance. She won her fourth term after the [[2018 Bangladeshi general election|2018 election]], which was marred with violence and widely criticised as being rigged.

Under her tenure as prime minister, Bangladesh has experienced [[democratic backsliding]]. [[Human Rights Watch]] documented widespread enforced disappearances and extrajudicial killings under her government. Many politicians and journalists have been systematically and judicially punished for challenging her views.<ref>((Cite journal |last=Riaz |first=Ali |author-link=Ali Riaz |date=September 2020 |title=The pathway of massive socioeconomic and infracstructuaral development but democratic backsliding in Bangladesh |journal=Democratization |volume=28 |pages=1–19 |doi=10.1080/13510347.2020.1818069 |s2cid=224958514))</ref><ref>((Cite journal |last=Diamond |first=Larry |author-link=Larry Diamond |date=September 2020 |title=Democratic regression in comparative perspective: scope, methods, and causes |journal=Democratization |volume=28 |pages=22–42 |doi=10.1080/13510347.2020.1807517 |doi-access=free))</ref> In 2021, [[Reporters Without Borders]] gave a negative assessment of Hasina's media policy for curbing press freedom in Bangladesh since 2014.<ref>((cite web |date=30 June 2021 |title=Predator Sheikh Hasina |url=https://rsf.org/en/predator/sheikh-hasina |access-date=5 July 2021 |website=Reporters Without Borders |language=en-US |archive-date=5 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210705132218/https://rsf.org/en/predator/sheikh-hasina |url-status=live))</ref> Hasina was among ''[[Time 100|Time]]''<nowiki/>'s [[Time 100|100 most influential people in the world]] in 2018,<ref>((Cite magazine |title=Sheikh Hasina: The World's 100 Most Influential People |url=https://time.com/collection/most-influential-people-2018/5217583/sheikh-hasina/ |magazine=Time |language=en-us |access-date=2023-08-09))</ref> and among the 100 most powerful woman in the world by [[Forbes magazine]] in 2015,<ref>((Cite web |title=The World's 100 Most Powerful Women 2015 |url=https://www.forbesmiddleeast.com/list/the-worlds-100-most-powerful-women-2015 |access-date=2023-05-04 |website=Forbes ME |language=en-US))</ref> 2018, and 2022.<ref>((cite web |date=4 December 2018 |title=The World's 100 Most Powerful Women |url=https://www.forbes.com/power-women/list/#tab:overall |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920073036/https://www.forbes.com/power-women/list/#tab:overall |archive-date=20 September 2017 |access-date=4 December 2018 |work=Forbes))</ref><ref>((cite web |date=1 November 2017 |title=The World's 100 Most Powerful Women |url=https://www.forbes.com/power-women/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225093350/https://www.forbes.com/lists/power-women/ |archive-date=25 December 2018 |access-date=2 November 2017 |work=Forbes))</ref><ref>((Cite magazine |title=Sheikh Hasina: The World's 100 Most Influential People |url=https://time.com/collection/most-influential-people-2018/5217583/sheikh-hasina/ |url-status=live |magazine=Time |language=en-us |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003011731/https://time.com/collection/most-influential-people-2018/5217583/sheikh-hasina/ |archive-date=3 October 2020 |access-date=23 September 2020))</ref>

==Early life==
((See also|Sheikh–Wazed family|15 August 1975 Bangladesh coup d'état))
Hasina was born on 28 September 1947 to the [[Bengali Muslim]] [[Sheikh–Wazed family|Sheikh family]] of [[Tungipara]] in [[East Bengal]].<ref name=":birthday">((Cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/city/news/happy-birthday-pm-1806445 |title=PM's birthday today |work=The Daily Star |date=29 September 2019 |access-date=29 September 2019 |archive-date=29 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929103323/https://www.thedailystar.net/city/news/happy-birthday-pm-1806445 |url-status=live))</ref> Her father was Bengali nationalist leader [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] and her mother was [[Sheikh Fazilatunnesa Mujib|Begum Fazilatunnesa Mujib]].<ref name="britannica" /><ref>((cite web |title=Sheikh Hasina |url=http://www.btrc.gov.bd/content/sheikh-hasina |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808124211/http://btrc.gov.bd/content/sheikh-hasina |archive-date=8 August 2019 |access-date=15 August 2019 |website=BTRC))</ref> She has [[Iraqi Arabs|Iraqi Arab]] ancestry through both her paternal and maternal sides of family, her clan were direct descendants of [[Muslim]] preacher Sheikh Abdul Awal Darwish of [[Baghdad]], who had arrived in Bengal in the [[Bengal Subah|Late Mughal Era]].<ref>((Cite journal |last=Rahman |first=A. L. M. Abdur |date=2023-04-18 |script-title=bn:ইতিহাসের আলোকে বঙ্গবন্ধু |journal=Bāṃlādeśa loka-praśāsana patrikā |issue=16 |language=bn |doi=10.36609/blp.i16th.437 |s2cid=258222461 |issn=1605-7023 |doi-access=free))</ref> Hasina grew up in Tungipara during her early childhood under the care of her mother and grandmother. When the family moved to Dhaka, they initially lived in the neighborhood of [[Segunbagicha]].<ref name="tbsnews.net">((cite news |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/developing-newspaper-reading-habit-sheikh-hasina-revisits-memory-lane-143077 |title=Developing newspaper reading habit: Sheikh Hasina revisits memory lane |work=The Business Standard |date=9 October 2020))</ref>

When her father became a government minister in 1954, they lived on 3 Minto Road. In the 1950s, her father also worked in the Alpha Insurance Company, aside from his political activities.<ref name="tbsnews.net"/> In the 1960s, the family moved into a home built by her father on Road 32 in [[Dhanmondi]]. In many interviews and speeches, Hasina talked about growing up while her father was held as a [[political prisoner]] by the Pakistani government.<ref name=":4" /> In one interview, she remarked that "For instance, after the [[United Front (East Pakistan)|United Front Ministry]] was elected in 1954, and we were living in No 3 Minto Road, one day, my mother told us that father had been arrested the night before. Then we used to visit him in jail and we always realised that he was put in jail so often because he loved the people."<ref name="thedailystar.net">((cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/supplements/national-mourning-day-2021/news/the-shadow-larger-life-father-2152576 |title=In the shadow of a larger-than-life father |work=The Daily Star |date=15 August 2021))</ref> Hasina and her siblings had very little time to spend with their father because of his preoccupation with politics.<ref name="thedailystar.net"/>

===Education and marriage===
Sheikh Hasina attended primary school in her village of Tungipara. When her family moved to Dhaka, she attended the [[Azimpur Government Girls' School and College|Azimpur Girls School]]. She enrolled for a bachelor's degree at [[Eden Mohila College|Eden College]]. She was elected as the Vice President of the Students Union in Eden College between 1966 and 1967.<ref name="dhakatribune.com">((cite news |title=PM Sheikh Hasina: From student leader to world leader |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/294878/pm-sheikh-hasina-from-student-leader-to-world |work=Dhaka Tribune |date=27 September 2022))</ref> In 1967, Hasina married [[M. A. Wazed Miah]], who was a Bengali nuclear scientist with a doctorate in physics from [[Durham University|Durham]].<ref>((cite web |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Miah,_MA_Wazed |title=Miah, MA Wazed |website=Banglapedia))</ref> Hasina studied [[Bengali literature]] at [[Dhaka University]], from where she graduated in 1973.<ref name="dhakatribune.com"/><ref>((cite news |title=A walk through PM Hasina's life |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/294843/a-walk-through-pm-hasina-s-life |work=Dhaka Tribune |date=28 September 2022))</ref><ref>((cite news |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/features/panorama/notable-students-dhaka-university-268888 |title=Notable students from Dhaka University |date=July 2021))</ref><ref>((cite web |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Hasina,_Sheikh |work=The Business Standard |title=Hasina, Sheikh - Banglapedia))</ref> Hasina lived in Rokeya Hall, which was founded in 1938 as the women's dormitory of Dhaka University; and later named after feminist [[Begum Rokeya]].<ref>((cite web |url=https://du.ac.bd/history/HRH |title=Home :: Dhaka University))</ref><ref name="dhakatribune.com"/> She was involved in the politics of the [[Bangladesh Chhatra League|Students League]] and was elected as the general secretary of the women's unit in Rokeya Hall.<ref name="dhakatribune.com"/>

===Family murder, exile and return===
Except for her husband, children and sister [[Sheikh Rehana]], Hasina's entire family was murdered during the [[15 August 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état]] which saw the [[assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]]. Hasina, Wazed and Rehana were visiting Europe at the time of the assassination. They took refuge in the house of the Bangladeshi ambassador to [[West Germany]]; before taking up an offer of political asylum from Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]] of India.<ref>((cite news |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/mournful-day-681882 |title=The Mournful Day |work=The Business Standard |date=13 August 2023))</ref><ref>((cite news |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/apr/11/when-we-were-homeless-countryless-indira-gandhi-called-us-to-india-sheikh-hasina-1592209.html |title=When we were homeless, countryless; Indira Gandhi called us to India: Sheikh Hasina |work=The New Indian Express))</ref><ref>((cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Hasina-recalls-her-historic-moment-with-Indira-Gandhi/article16837325.ece |title=Hasina recalls her historic moment with Indira Gandhi |newspaper=The Hindu |date=12 January 2010))</ref> The surviving members of the family lived in exile in New Delhi, India for six years.<ref>((cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/daily-star-books/news/memoir-retraces-sheikh-hasina-and-sheikh-rehanas-days-exile-2979666 |title=A memoir that retraces Sheikh Hasina and Sheikh Rehana's days in exile |work=The Daily Star |date=10 March 2022))</ref><ref>((cite web |url=https://worldleaders.columbia.edu/directory/sheikh-hasina |title=Sheikh Hasina &#124; World Leaders Forum))</ref> Hasina was barred from entering Bangladesh by the military government of [[Ziaur Rahman]].<ref>((cite web | url=https://bdnews24.com/politics/x9a5dz7gqa | title=Hasina says Awami League 'never runs away from anything' ))</ref> After she was elected President of the Awami League on 16 February 1981, Hasina returned home on 17 May 1981 and received a welcome from thousands of Awami League supporters.<ref name=":4">((cite news |date=23 September 2013 |title=Sheikh Hasina: They 'should be punished' |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/frostinterview/2013/09/2013920103532114976.html |work=Al Jazeera |access-date=16 November 2014 |archive-date=24 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150124201256/http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/frostinterview/2013/09/2013920103532114976.html |url-status=live))</ref><ref>((cite web |url=https://cri.org.bd/2021/05/17/what-you-need-to-know-about-sheikh-hasinas-homecoming/ |title=What you need to know about Sheikh Hasina's homecoming |date=17 May 2021))</ref>

==Early political career==
===Movement against military rule (1981–1991)===
While living in exile in India, Hasina was elected President of the [[Awami League]] (AL) in 1981.<ref name=":1">((cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/sheikh-hasina-wajed/ |title=Sheikh Hasina Wajed |website=Forbes |access-date=28 March 2016 |archive-date=10 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410095025/https://www.forbes.com/profile/sheikh-hasina-wajed/ |url-status=live))</ref> The AL has been described as a "[[Centre-left politics|left-of-center]]" party.<ref>((Cite news |url=https://daily-sun.com/printversion/details/257850 |title=Sheikh Hasina : The Modern Day Joan Of Arc |work=Daily Sun |access-date=8 August 2019 |archive-date=8 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808123735/https://daily-sun.com/printversion/details/257850 |url-status=live))</ref><ref>((Cite news |url=http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2005455_2005458_2005459,00.html |title=Top Female Leaders Around the World |last=Adams |first=William Lee |date=16 September 2011 |newspaper=Time |issn=0040-781X |access-date=28 March 2016 |archive-date=10 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410110937/http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2005455_2005458_2005459,00.html |url-status=live))</ref><ref>((cite web |url=http://aceproject.org/ace-en/focus/focus-on-effective-electoral-assistance/a-bangladesh-case-study-technical-electoral/mobile_browsing/onePag |title=ACE |website=aceproject.org |access-date=8 August 2019 |archive-date=8 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808123736/http://aceproject.org/ace-en/focus/focus-on-effective-electoral-assistance/a-bangladesh-case-study-technical-electoral/mobile_browsing/onePag |url-status=live))</ref>

Under martial law, Hasina was in and out of detention throughout the 1980s. In 1984, she was put under [[house arrest]] in February and again in November. In March 1985, she was put under house arrest for another three months.<ref>((cite web |url=https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/sheikh-hasina/ |title=Sheikh Hasina – |website=Archives of Women's Political Communication |access-date=8 August 2019 |archive-date=8 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808162313/https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/sheikh-hasina/ |url-status=live))</ref><ref>((cite web |url=http://btrc.gov.bd/bn/node/3581 |title=Sheikh Hasina ((!)) বিটিআরসি |website=BTRC |access-date=8 August 2019 |archive-date=8 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808123744/http://btrc.gov.bd/bn/node/3581 |url-status=live))</ref>

Hasina and the AL participated in the [[1986 Bangladeshi general election]] held under President [[Hussain Muhammad Ershad]]. She served as the leader of the [[parliamentary opposition]] in 1986–1987.<ref name="britannica" /> She led an eight-party alliance as opposition against Ershad.<ref>((Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/08/29/world/bangladesh-storms-kill-200-in-week-3000-are-missing.html |title=Bangladesh Storms Kill 200 in Week; 3,000 Are Missing |date=29 August 1987 |work=The New York Times |agency=Associated Press |access-date=8 February 2019 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=9 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124700/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/08/29/world/bangladesh-storms-kill-200-in-week-3000-are-missing.html |url-status=live))</ref> Hasina's decision to take part in the election had been criticised by her opponents, since the election was held under [[martial law]], and the other main opposition group boycotted the poll. However, her supporters maintained that she used the platform effectively to challenge Ershad's rule. Ershad dissolved the parliament in December 1987 when Hasina and her Awami League resigned in an attempt to call for a fresh general election to be held under a neutral government.<ref>((Cite web |date=September 27, 2018 |title=A Life sketch of Sheikh Hasina; Sentinel of Democracy |url=https://albd.org/pages/16/Sheikh-Hasina |website=Bangladesh Awami League))</ref> During November and December in 1987, a mass uprising happened in [[Dhaka]] and several people were killed, including [[Noor Hossain]], an Awami League activist and support of Hasina.<ref>((Cite web |title=Hossain, Shahid Nur |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Hossain,_Shahid_Nur |access-date=2022-07-20 |website=Banglapedia |language=en |archive-date=20 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171905/https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Hossain,_Shahid_Nur |url-status=live))</ref>

Her party, along with the [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]] (BNP) under [[Khaleda Zia]], continued to work to [[1990 Mass Uprising in Bangladesh|restore democratically elected government]], which they achieved after a [[1991 Bangladeshi constitutional referendum|constitutional referendum]] returning the country to a parliamentary form of government.<ref name=":5">((Cite news |last=Lawal |first=Shola |date=5 Jan 2024 |title=Bans and boycotts: The troubled history of Bangladesh's elections |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/5/bangladesh-elections-a-timeline-of-controversy |work=Al Jazeera))</ref>

The subsequent [[1991 Bangladeshi general election|parliamentary general election in 1991]] was won by the BNP.<ref name=":5" />

===Leader of the Opposition (1991–1996)===
After several years of [[autocratic rule]], widespread protests and strikes had paralysed the economy. Government officers refused to follow orders and resigned. Members of the [[Bangladesh Rifles]] laid down their weapons instead of firing on protestors and curfew was openly violated. Hasina worked with [[Khaleda Zia]] in organising opposition to Ershad.<ref name="revolution">((Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/12/09/world/revolution-brings-bangladesh-hope.html |title=Revolution Brings Bangladesh Hope |last1=Crossette |first1=Barbara |date=9 December 1990 |work=The New York Times |access-date=8 February 2019 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=4 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104171632/https://www.nytimes.com/1990/12/09/world/revolution-brings-bangladesh-hope.html |url-status=live))</ref> A huge mass protest in December 1990 ousted Ershad from power when he resigned in favour of his vice president, Justice [[Shahabuddin Ahmed]], the Chief Justice of the Bangladesh Supreme Court. The [[caretaker government]], headed by Ahmed, administered a general election for the parliament. The [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]] led by [[Khaleda Zia]] won a general majority, and Hasina's Awami League emerged as the largest opposition party.<ref name="tale">((Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1575704.stm |title=Analysis: A tale of two women |date=2 October 2001 |work=BBC News |access-date=28 March 2016 |archive-date=13 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313102335/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1575704.stm |url-status=live))</ref> Of the three constituencies Hasina contested, she lost in two and won in one. Accepting defeat, she offered her resignation as the party president but stayed on at the request of party leaders.((citation needed|date=September 2021))

Politics in Bangladesh took a decisive turn in 1994, after a [[by-election]] in [[Magura-2]],<ref>((Cite news |title=Memories of Magura 1994 |url=https://www.newagebd.net/article/99198/memories-of-magura-1994 |access-date=2022-07-20 |work=New Age |language=en |archive-date=20 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220720150615/https://www.newagebd.net/article/99198/memories-of-magura-1994 |url-status=live))</ref> held after the death of the member of parliament for that constituency, a member of Hasina's party. The Awami League had expected to win back the seat, but the BNP candidate won through rigging and manipulation, according to the neutral observer who came to witness the election.<ref name="polls">((Cite news |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/magura-polls-then-and-now-19000 |title=Magura: Polls then and now |date=7 April 2014 |newspaper=The Daily Star |access-date=2 January 2017 |archive-date=3 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103002320/http://www.thedailystar.net/magura-polls-then-and-now-19000 |url-status=live))</ref> Hasina led the Bangladesh Awami League in boycotting the parliament from 1994.<ref>((Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/01/14/world/bangladesh-facing-an-election-crisis.html |title=Bangladesh Facing an Election Crisis |last=Burns |first=John F. |date=14 January 1996 |work=The New York Times |access-date=8 February 2019 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=9 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124959/https://www.nytimes.com/1996/01/14/world/bangladesh-facing-an-election-crisis.html |url-status=live))</ref>

==First premiership (1996–2001)==
((see also|First Hasina ministry))
[[File:US President Clinton and Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina make a joint statement, Prime Minister's office, Bangladesh, March 20, 2000.jpg|thumb|Hasina with US President [[Bill Clinton]] at the Prime Minister's Office in Dhaka, 2000.]]

The [[Awami League]] (AL), with other opposition parties, demanded that the next general elections be held under a neutral caretaker government, and that provision for caretaker governments to manage elections be incorporated in the constitution.<ref name=":5" /> The ruling [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]] (BNP) refused to act on these demands.<ref>((Cite news |last=Haidar |first=Suhasini |date=17 October 2020 |title=Before his pen went dry, Pranab Mukherjee wrote on 1971, love for Sheikh Mujibur Rahman family |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/book-on-mujibur-rahman-will-have-the-last-essay-penned-by-pranab-mukherjee/article32880610.ece |access-date=7 November 2020 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=31 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031232948/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/book-on-mujibur-rahman-will-have-the-last-essay-penned-by-pranab-mukherjee/article32880610.ece |url-status=live))</ref>

Opposition parties launched an unprecedented campaign, calling strikes for weeks on end. The Government accused them of destroying the economy while the opposition countered that the BNP could resolve the issue by acceding to their demands. In late 1995, the [[Member of Parliament (Bangladesh)|members of parliament]] of the AL and other parties resigned en masse. Parliament completed its five-year term and the [[February 1996 Bangladeshi general election|February 1996 general election]] was held. The election was boycotted by all major parties except the ruling BNP, who won all the seats in the parliament as a result. Hasina described the election as a farce.<ref>((cite web |url=https://bdaffairs.com/bangladeshi-general-election-february-1996/ |title=Bangladeshi General Election, February 1996 |website=Bangladesh Affairs |access-date=8 February 2019 |archive-date=9 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124445/https://bdaffairs.com/bangladeshi-general-election-february-1996/ |url-status=live))</ref><ref>((Cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-69196 |title=Past elections at a glance |date=29 December 2008 |work=The Daily Star |access-date=8 February 2019 |archive-date=9 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209123842/https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-69196 |url-status=live))</ref>

The new parliament, composed almost entirely of BNP members, amended the constitution to create provisions for a caretaker government (CTG). The [[June 1996 Bangladeshi general election|June 1996 general election]] was held under a neutral caretaker government headed by retired [[Chief Justice of Bangladesh|Chief Justice]] [[Muhammad Habibur Rahman]]. The AL won 146 seats, a plurality, but fell short of a [[Majority|simple majority]]. Khaleda Zia, leader of the BNP who won 104 seats, denounced the results and alleged [[vote rigging]]. This was in contrast with the neutral observers who said that the election was free and fair.<ref>((Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/06/14/world/after-21-years-bangladeshi-party-is-returned-to-power.html |title=After 21 Years, Bangladeshi Party Is Returned to Power |last=Burns |first=John F. |date=14 June 1996 |work=The New York Times |access-date=8 February 2019 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=9 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124919/https://www.nytimes.com/1996/06/14/world/after-21-years-bangladeshi-party-is-returned-to-power.html |url-status=live))</ref>

Hasina served her first term as [[Prime Minister of Bangladesh]] from June 1996 to July 2001. She signed the 30-year water-sharing treaty with [[India]] governing the [[Ganges]]. Her administration repealed the [[Indemnity Act, Bangladesh|Indemnity Act]], which granted immunity from prosecution to the killers of Sheikh Mujib. Her government opened-up the [[Telecommunications in Bangladesh|telecommunications industry]] to the private sector, which until then was limited to government-owned companies. In December 1997, Hasina's administration signed the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord]], ending the insurgency in the [[Chittagong Division]] for which Hasina won the UNESCO Peace Prize. Her government established the [[Ashrayan Project|Ashrayan-1 Project]] while bilateral relations with neighbouring states improved. Hasina's government completed the [[Bangabandhu Bridge]] mega project in 1998. In 1999, the government started the New Industrial Policy (NIP) which aimed to strengthen the private sector and encourage growth.<ref name=":3">((cite web |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Hasina,_Sheikh |title=Hasina, Sheikh |website=Banglapedia |access-date=2 January 2017 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012093315/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Hasina%2C_Sheikh |url-status=live))</ref>

The Hasina government implemented some reforms to different sectors of the economy, which resulted in the country attaining an average of 5.5% GDP growth. The consumer price index remained at 5%, lower than other developing states who experienced 10% inflation. The Fifth Five-Year Plan (1997-2002) of the government placed an emphasis on poverty alleviation programmes which provided credit and training to unemployed youths and women. Food-grain production increased from 19 million tons to 26.5 million tons while the poverty rate reduced. A Housing Fund was established to provide fiscal assistance to those homeless as a result of river erosion. The government launched the ''Ekti Bari Ekti Khamar'' scheme which accentuated the incomes of the poorer segments of society through household farming.<ref name=":3"/>

The Hasina government adopted the New Industrial Policy in 1999 which aimed to bolster the private sector and attract foreign direct investment, thus expediating the globalisation process. The NIP aimed for 25% of the economy to be industry based with 20% of the country's workforce employed in industry. It encouraged the institution of small, cottage and labour intensive industries with an onus on skill development for women for employment, development of indigenous technology and industries based on local raw materials. The NIP allowed for foreign investors to own 100% equity in Bangladeshi enterprises without prior approval from the government and all but four sectors of the economy were opened up to the private sector.<ref name=":3"/>

Attempts were made to create a social security system to protect the most vulnerable in society. The Hasina administration introduced an allowance scheme which resulted in 400,000 elderly people receiving monthly allowances. This scheme was later extended to widows, distressed and deserted women. A national foundation devoted to rehabilitation and training of people, with disabilities was founded with an initial grant of ৳100 million funded by the government. The Ashrayan-1 Project provided shelter and employment to the homeless.<ref name=":3"/>

Hasina was the first prime minister to engage in a "Prime Minister's Question-Answer Time" in the [[Jatiya Sangsad]]. The Jatiya Sangsad repealed the Indemnity Act, allowing for the killers of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman to be prosecuted. The government introduced a four-tier system of local government including the Gram Parishad, Zila Parishad and Upazila Parishad by passing legisation.<ref name=":3"/>

The Hasina government liberalised the telecommunications industry, initially granting four licenses to private companies to provide cellular mobile telephone services. This resulted in the previous state monopoly being disbanded meaning prices began to reduce and access became more widespread. The government established the [[Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission]] to regulate the newly liberalised telecommunications industry.<ref name=":3"/>

The government established the National Policy for Women's Advancement which sought to ensure equality between men and women. The policy aimed to guarantee security and employment, create an educated and skilled workforce, eliminate discrimination and repression against women, establish human rights and end poverty and ensure participation in socio-economic development. The government introduced three reserved seats for women in all Union Parishad election in December 1997. Hasina's cabinet approved the National Plan of Action for Children in 1999 to ensure rights and improved upbringing.<ref name=":3"/>

Hasina attended the World Micro Credit summit in Washington DC; the World Food Summit in Rome; the Inter-Parliamentary Union Conference in India; the OIC summit in Pakistan; the 9th SAARC summit in the Maldives; the first D-8 summit in Turkey; the 5th World Conference for the Aged in Germany; the Commonwealth summit in the UK and the OIC summit in Iran. Hasina also visited the United States, Saudi Arabia, Japan, the Philippines and Indonesia.<ref name=":3"/>

Bangladesh joined two multilateral bodies, the [[Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation]] (BIMSTEC) and [[D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation]] (D-8). She became the first Bangladeshi prime minister since independence to complete an entire five-year term.<ref name="britannica" />

In the [[2001 Bangladeshi general election|2001 general election]], despite winning 40% of the popular vote (slightly less than BNP's 41%), the AL won just 62 seats in parliament as a result of the first-past-the-post electoral system, while the 'Four Party Alliance' led by BNP won 234 seats, giving them a two-thirds majority in parliament. Hasina herself ran in three constituencies,<ref>((cite web |title=Sheikh Hasina's party wins Bangladesh election; opposition claims votes rigged |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/top-story/prime-minister-sheikh-hasina-wins-bangladesh-election--opposition-claims-votes-rigged/story/305449.html |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=www.businesstoday.in |date=31 December 2018 |archive-date=10 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210052748/https://www.businesstoday.in/top-story/prime-minister-sheikh-hasina-wins-bangladesh-election--opposition-claims-votes-rigged/story/305449.html |url-status=live))</ref> and was defeated in a constituency in [[Rangpur District|Rangpur]], which included her husband's home town, but won in two other seats. Hasina and the AL rejected the results, claiming that the election was rigged with the assistance of the president and the caretaker government. The international community was largely satisfied with the elections, and the 'Four Party Alliance' went on to form a government.<ref>((Cite book |last=Matin |first=Abdul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2GSgAAAAMAAJ |title=Sheikh Hasina: The Making of a Prime Minister |date=1997 |publisher=Radical Asia Publications |isbn=978-0-907546-27-6 |page=214 |language=en |access-date=4 December 2020 |archive-date=6 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106093046/https://books.google.com/books?id=2GSgAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live))</ref>

==Leader of the Opposition (2001–2008)==
The Awami League MPs were irregular in attending parliament during the following period.<ref>((Cite news |date=21 August 2017 |title=Assassination Attempt on Hasina: Ten Huji men get death by shooting |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/assassination-attempt-hasina-ten-huji-men-get-death-shooting-1451581 |access-date=7 November 2020 |work=The Daily Star |language=en |archive-date=22 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822094048/https://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/assassination-attempt-hasina-ten-huji-men-get-death-shooting-1451581 |url-status=live))</ref> In late 2003, the Awami League started its first major anti-government movement, culminating in the declaration by party general secretary [[Abdul Jolil (Bangladesh politician)|Abdul Jolil]] that the government would fall before 30 April 2004.

===Assassination attempt (2004)===
((See also|2004 Dhaka grenade attack))
During her second term as leader of the opposition, political unrest and violence increased. MP [[Ahsanullah Master]] died after he was shot in May 2004. This was followed by a [[2004 Dhaka grenade attack|grenade attack on 21 August]] on an Awami League gathering in Dhaka, resulting in the death of 24 party supporters, including [[Ivy Rahman]], party women's secretary. In October 2018, a special court gave verdicts in two cases filed over the incident; the court ruled that it was a well-orchestrated plan, executed through abuse of state power, and all the accused, including BNP Senior vice-chairman [[Tarique Rahman]] ([[Trial in absentia|in absentia]]) and former top intelligence officials, were found guilty. The court prescribed various punishments.<ref>((cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/august-21-carnage/21-august-grenade-attack-verdict-tarique-rahman-awarded-life-1645090 |title=August 21 attack: 'State-backed crime' punished |work=The Daily Star |access-date=10 October 2018 |archive-date=12 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181012005216/https://www.thedailystar.net/august-21-carnage/21-august-grenade-attack-verdict-tarique-rahman-awarded-life-1645090 |url-status=live))</ref> [[Shah A M S Kibria|SAMS Kibria]], Hasina's close advisor and former finance minister was assassinated that year (2004) in a grenade attack in [[Sylhet]].<ref>((cite news |url=http://www.en.prothom-alo.com/bangladesh/news/76277/Eleven-years-on-trial-of-21-Aug-grenade-attack |title=Eleven years on, trial of 21 Aug grenade attack still to end |work=Prothom Alo |access-date=28 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126202958/http://en.prothom-alo.com/bangladesh/news/76277/Eleven-years-on-trial-of-21-Aug-grenade-attack |archive-date=26 January 2016 |url-status=dead))</ref><ref>((cite news |url=http://en.prothom-alo.com/bangladesh/news/52307/Ten-years-since-the-21-August-grenade-atta |title=10 years of 21 August grenade attack |work=Prothom Alo |access-date=28 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304022858/http://en.prothom-alo.com/bangladesh/news/52307/Ten-years-since-the-21-August-grenade-atta |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead))</ref>

In June 2005, [[A. B. M. Mohiuddin Chowdhury]], the incumbent AL [[Mayor of Chittagong|Mayor]], won an important election in [[Chittagong]], the second-largest city in Bangladesh. This election was seen as a showdown between the opposition and the ruling party.<ref>((Cite book |last=Smith |first=Paul J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Um6sBwAAQBAJ&q=Attempted+assassination+of+Sheikh+Hasina+21+July+2001&pg=PA53 |title=Terrorism and Violence in Southeast Asia: Transnational Challenges to States and Regional Stability: Transnational Challenges to States and Regional Stability |date=26 March 2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-45887-6 |language=en |access-date=7 November 2020 |archive-date=6 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106093022/https://books.google.com/books?id=Um6sBwAAQBAJ&q=Attempted+assassination+of+Sheikh+Hasina+21+July+2001&pg=PA53 |url-status=live))</ref>

=== Logi Boitha Movement ===
((see also|Logi Boitha Movement))
In October 2006, Sheikh Hasina and Awami League launched the Logi Boitha Movement where thousands of Awami League workers started occupying different streets of Dhaka with boat-hooks and Oars for several days. This resulted in a number of casualties, vandalisms, lootings as well as soaring prices of daily commodities.<ref>((cite news |title=Khaleda Bangs on Logi Boitha Issue, Hasina Ignores Threats on Her Life |url=https://www.voabangla.com/a/a-16-2008-12-21-voa2-94429334/1395923.html |work=[[VOA]] Bangla |date=21 December 2008 |language=bn |access-date=31 October 2020 |archive-date=6 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106054329/https://www.voabangla.com/a/a-16-2008-12-21-voa2-94429334/1395923.html |url-status=live))</ref><ref>((cite news |script-title=bn:আ.লীগের লগি-বৈঠার জবাবে বিএনপির দা-কুড়াল! |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/opinion/%E0%A6%86.%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%A0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A7%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2 |work=[[Prothom Alo]] |type=Opinion |date=15 October 2013 |language=bn |access-date=31 October 2020 |archive-date=28 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228184355/https://www.prothomalo.com/opinion/%E0%A6%86.%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%A0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A7%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2 |url-status=live))</ref><ref>((cite news |script-title=bn:লগি-বৈঠা দিয়ে হত্যা করে লাশের ওপর নৃত্য করার পরও শেখ হাসিনা শান্তির দূত? |url=https://dailysangram.com/post/349505-%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%A0%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%96-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%A4 |work=[[The Daily Sangram]] |date=16 October 2018 |language=bn |access-date=31 October 2020 |archive-date=7 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107221725/https://dailysangram.com/post/349505-%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%A0%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%96-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%A4 |url-status=live))</ref><ref>((cite news |script-title=bn:আওয়ামী লীগ লগি-বৈঠার হুমকি দিচ্ছে: এমকে আনোয়ার |url=https://www.banglanews24.com/politics/news/bd/59646.details |work=banglanews24.com |date=25 September 2011 |language=bn |access-date=31 October 2020 |archive-date=28 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628160756/https://www.banglanews24.com/politics/news/bd/59646.details |url-status=live))</ref><ref>((cite news |title=Rice at Tk 40 a kg result of AL movement: Nizami |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-68770 |work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] |date=26 December 2008 |language=en |access-date=31 October 2020 |archive-date=29 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629131702/https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-68770 |url-status=live))</ref>

In May 2007, the Police filed chargesheet against 19 leaders and activists of the Awami League and its affiliates for vandalising, setting fire to and looting the office of the Islamic Social Welfare Council but all of them were acquitted in court in June 2011.<ref>((cite news |script-title=bn:লগি-বৈঠা: মামলার ১৯ আসামি খালাস |url=https://m.bdnews24.com/bn/detail/bangladesh/502038 |work=bdnews24.com |date=8 June 2011 |language=bn |access-date=31 October 2020 |archive-date=6 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106001204/https://m.bdnews24.com/bn/detail/bangladesh/502038 |url-status=dead))</ref>

=== Detention during military intervention (2006–2008)===
The months preceding the planned [[2007 Bangladeshi parliamentary elections|22 January 2007 elections]] were filled with political unrest and controversy.((Citation needed|date=August 2022)) Following the end of Khaleda Zia's government in October 2006, there were protests and strikes, during which 40 people were killed in the following month, over uncertainty about who would head the [[Bangladeshi caretaker government|Caretaker Government]]. The caretaker government had difficulty bringing all parties to the table. The AL and its allies protested and alleged that the caretaker government favoured the BNP.<ref>((Cite news |title=10 Huji men to die for the attempted murder of Hasina |url=https://www.jagonews24.com/en/national/news/29272 |access-date=7 November 2020 |work=Jago News 24 |language=en-US |archive-date=12 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201212155525/https://www.jagonews24.com/en/national/news/29272 |url-status=live))</ref>

The interim period was marred with violence and strikes.<ref>((cite news |last=Rahman |first=Waliur |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/6241263.stm |title=South Asia &#124; Is Bangladesh heading towards disaster? |work=BBC News |date=8 January 2007 |access-date=26 August 2012 |archive-date=19 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080119035022/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/6241263.stm |url-status=live))</ref><ref>((cite news |last=Habib |first=Haroon |author-link=Haroon Habib |date=4 January 2007 |title=Polls won't be fair: Hasina |url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/01/04/stories/2007010405671400.htm |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=30 September 2013 |archive-date=3 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103212117/http://www.hindu.com/2007/01/04/stories/2007010405671400.htm |url-status=dead))</ref> Presidential Advisor [[Mukhlesur Rahman Chowdhury]] negotiated with Hasina and Khaleda Zia and brought all the parties to the planned 22 January 2007 parliamentary elections. Later the nomination of Ershad was cancelled by the returning officer of the Election Commission as Ershad had been convicted on a corruption case.<ref>((Cite news |title=The Daily Star Web Edition Vol. 5 Num 922 |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/2006/12/30/d6123001044.htm |access-date=2022-07-20 |work=The Daily Star |archive-date=9 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509201939/https://archive.thedailystar.net/2006/12/30/d6123001044.htm |url-status=live))</ref><ref>((Cite news |title=The Daily Star Web Edition Vol. 5 Num 920 |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/2006/12/28/d6122801033.htm |access-date=2022-07-20 |work=The Daily Star |archive-date=20 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220720150520/http://archive.thedailystar.net/2006/12/28/d6122801033.htm |url-status=live))</ref> As a result, the [[Grand Alliance (Bangladesh)|Grand Alliance]] withdrew its candidates en masse on the last day possible. They demanded that a voters' roll be published.((citation needed|date=September 2021))

Later in the month, President [[Iajuddin Ahmed]] was compelled to declare a [[state of emergency]]. Consequently, Lt General [[Moeen Uddin Ahmed]] took control of the government.<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.countercurrents.org/samad110608.htm |title=General Moeen Purge 1/11 Key Players in Power Struggle To Regain Supremacy |access-date=15 February 2015 |archive-date=3 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103091039/http://www.countercurrents.org/samad110608.htm |url-status=live))</ref> Political activity was prohibited. [[Fakhruddin Ahmed]] became the chief advisor with the support of the Bangladesh Army.<ref>((Cite news |url=http://bdnews24.com/media-en/2016/02/04/daily-star-editor-mahfuz-anam-admits-to-publishing-dgfi-fed-baseless-stories |title=Daily Star Editor Mahfuz Anam admits to publishing DGFI-fed baseless stories |work=bdnews24.com |access-date=28 March 2016 |archive-date=5 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405224816/http://bdnews24.com/media-en/2016/02/04/daily-star-editor-mahfuz-anam-admits-to-publishing-dgfi-fed-baseless-stories |url-status=live))</ref><ref>((Cite news |url=http://bdnews24.com/politics/2016/02/28/ministers-menon-nasim-demand-commission-to-find-111-architects |title=Ministers Menon, Nasim demand commission to find '1/11 architects' |work=bdnews24.com |access-date=28 March 2016 |archive-date=12 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412143003/http://bdnews24.com/politics/2016/02/28/ministers-menon-nasim-demand-commission-to-find-111-architects |url-status=live))</ref><ref>((Cite news |url=http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2016/02/22/editor-mahfuz-anam-should-have-resigned-if-he-had-self-esteem-says-prime-minister-hasina |title=Editor Mahfuz Anam should have resigned if he had self-esteem, says Prime Minister Hasina |work=bdnews24.com |access-date=28 March 2016 |archive-date=29 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329181519/http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2016/02/22/editor-mahfuz-anam-should-have-resigned-if-he-had-self-esteem-says-prime-minister-hasina |url-status=live))</ref>

Hasina went to the United States embassy on 14 March 2007 along with [[Kazi Zafarullah]] and [[Tarique Ahmed Siddique|Tareq Ahmed Siddique]].<ref name=":7">((Cite news |title=Hasina flies to US tomorrow |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2007/03/14/d70314013122.htm |access-date=2022-10-27 |work=The Daily Star |archive-date=27 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027143941/https://archive.thedailystar.net/2007/03/14/d70314013122.htm |url-status=live))</ref> She would fly the next day to the United States accompanied by Tareq Ahmed Siddique and [[Abdus Sobhan Golap]].<ref name=":7" /> She visited her son and daughter who live in the United States.<ref>((Cite news |last=Ahmed |first=Anid |date=2007-05-07 |title=Former Bangladesh PM Hasina returns from exile |language=en-CA |work=The Globe and Mail |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/former-bangladesh-pm-hasina-returns-from-exile/article1075372/ |access-date=2022-10-27 |archive-date=27 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027143941/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/former-bangladesh-pm-hasina-returns-from-exile/article1075372/ |url-status=live))</ref> She then moved to the United Kingdom.<ref>((Cite news |last=Baker |first=Luke |date=22 April 2007 |title=Bangladesh's ex-PM Hasina barred from flying home |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-bangladesh-idUKL2264999220070422 |access-date=29 August 2021 |archive-date=29 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829223725/https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-bangladesh-idUKL2264999220070422 |url-status=live))</ref>

In April 2007, Hasina was charged with graft and extortion by the military-backed caretaker government during the [[2006–08 Bangladeshi political crisis|2006–2008 political crisis]]. She was accused of having forced businessman Tajul Islam Farooq to pay bribes in 1998 before his company could build a power plant. Farooq said that he paid Hasina for approving his project.<ref>((cite news |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/04/09/asia/AS-GEN-Bangladesh-Extortion-Charge.php |title=Bangladesh police to investigate graft allegation against former PM Hasina |date=9 April 2007 |newspaper=International Herald Tribune |agency=Associated Press |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080226170555/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/04/09/asia/AS-GEN-Bangladesh-Extortion-Charge.php |archive-date=26 February 2008))</ref>

On 18 April 2007, the Government barred Hasina from returning, stating that she had made provocative statements and that her return could cause disorder. This was described as a temporary measure. The Caretaker Government had also been trying to get Khaleda Zia to leave the country.<ref>((cite news |title=Bangladeshi gov't bans former PM's return home from USA |url=http://en.people.cn/200704/18/eng20070418_367640.html |access-date=2022-03-27 |work=People's Daily |archive-date=9 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209103302/http://en.people.cn/200704/18/eng20070418_367640.html |url-status=dead))</ref> Hasina vowed to return home, and on 22 April 2007, a warrant was issued for her arrest for murder.<ref>((Cite news |date=2007-04-22 |title=Bangladesh issues ex-PM warrant |language=en-GB |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6580831.stm |access-date=2022-03-27 |archive-date=9 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209103325/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6580831.stm |url-status=live))</ref><ref>((cite news |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/04/22/asia/AS-GEN-Bangladesh-Leaders-Return.php |title=Murder warrant issued against Bangladesh ex-leader Hasina as she prepares to return home |date=22 April 2007 |newspaper=International Herald Tribune |agency=Associated Press |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212165307/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/04/22/asia/AS-GEN-Bangladesh-Leaders-Return.php |archive-date=12 February 2009))</ref> Describing the case against her as "totally false and fake", Hasina said that she wanted to defend herself against the charges in court. On 23 April 2007, the arrest warrant was suspended,<ref>((cite news |url=http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/806F70E9-02FF-4478-AA91-EBFBA908A333.htm |title=Hasina: I will fight charges |date=23 April 2007 |work=Al Jazeera |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070425212916/http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/806F70E9-02FF-4478-AA91-EBFBA908A333.htm |archive-date=25 April 2007))</ref> and on 25 April 2007, the ban on Hasina's entry was dropped.<ref>((Cite news |date=2007-04-26 |title=Opposition welcomes B'desh U-turn |language=en-GB |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6594607.stm |access-date=2022-03-27 |archive-date=14 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191114050557/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6594607.stm |url-status=live))</ref> After spending 51 days in the United States and the United Kingdom, on 7 May 2007 Hasina returned to [[Dhaka]], where she was greeted by a crowd of several thousand. She told reporters that the government should not have delayed her return.<ref>((cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/05/08/stories/2007050811720100.htm |title=Sheikh Hasina returns home |last=Habib |first=Haroon |date=7 May 2007 |author-link=Haroon Habib |access-date=30 September 2013 |archive-date=10 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110023611/http://www.hindu.com/2007/05/08/stories/2007050811720100.htm |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url-status=dead))</ref>

On 16 July 2007, Hasina was arrested by police at her home and taken before a local court in Dhaka.<ref>((Cite news |date=2007-07-16 |title=Former Bangladeshi PM arrested: reports |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2007-07-16/former-bangladeshi-pm-arrested-reports/2503992 |access-date=2022-03-27 |archive-date=22 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922235154/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2007-07-16/former-bangladeshi-pm-arrested-reports/2503992 |url-status=live))</ref> She was accused of extortion and denied bail, and was held in a building converted into jail on the premises of the National Parliament. The AL said the arrest was politically motivated.<ref name=Security>((cite news |title=Security stepped up after the arrest of the ex-Bangladesh prime minister on extortion charges |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/07/17/asia/AS-GEN-Bangladesh-Hasina-Detained.php |newspaper=International Herald Tribune |agency=Associated Press |date=17 July 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070820214444/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/07/17/asia/AS-GEN-Bangladesh-Hasina-Detained.php |archive-date=20 August 2007))</ref> On 17 July 2007, the [[Anti-Corruption Commission (Bangladesh)|Anti-Corruption Commission]] sent notices to both Hasina and Khaleda Zia, instructing them to provide details of their assets within one week.<ref>((cite news |title=Hasina, Khaleda given 7 days for wealth report |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/2007/07/18/d7071801011.htm |access-date=2022-03-27 |date=2007-07-18 |work=The Daily Star |archive-date=9 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209103400/http://archive.thedailystar.net/2007/07/18/d7071801011.htm |url-status=live))</ref> Hasina's son [[Sajeeb Wazed]] was out of the country and said he would try to organise a worldwide protest. These arrests of the political leaders were widely seen as a move by the military-backed interim government to force Hasina and Zia out of the country and into political exile.<ref>((cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/6544835.stm |title=South Asia – Ex-Bangladesh PM in murder case |work=BBC News |access-date=15 February 2015 |archive-date=22 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070922115609/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/6544835.stm |url-status=live))</ref><ref>((cite news |title=Bangladesh's ex-leader Sheikh Hasina barred from boarding plane home |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/04/22/europe/EU-GEN-Britain-Bangladesh-Leader-Barred.php |newspaper=International Herald Tribune |agency=Associated Press |date=22 April 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070527114019/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/04/22/europe/EU-GEN-Britain-Bangladesh-Leader-Barred.php |archive-date=27 May 2007))</ref> United Kingdom MPs condemned the arrest.<ref>((Cite news |date=2007-07-23 |title=UK MPs denounce Bangladesh arrest |language=en-GB |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6911237.stm |access-date=2022-03-27 |archive-date=27 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327044509/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6911237.stm |url-status=live))</ref>

On 11 April 2007, the police filed murder charges against Hasina, alleging that she masterminded the killing in October 2006 of four supporters of a rival political party. The four alleged victims were beaten to death during clashes between the AL and rival party activists.<ref>((cite news |url=http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/DB39D98D-9402-49BB-98B8-0F7054E8A941.htm |title=Hasina charged in murder case |date=11 April 2007 |work=Al Jazeera |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070415023102/http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/DB39D98D-9402-49BB-98B8-0F7054E8A941.htm |archive-date=15 April 2007))</ref> Hasina was visiting the United States at the time.<ref>((Cite news |date=2007-04-12 |title=B'desh's Hasina to stay abroad pending murder charge |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bangladesh-idUSSP23714720070412 |access-date=2022-03-27 |archive-date=27 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327044506/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bangladesh-idUSSP23714720070412 |url-status=live))</ref>

On 30 July 2007, the [[High Court Division|High Court]] suspended Hasina's extortion trial and ordered her release on bail.<ref>((Cite magazine |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/high-court-grants-hasina-bail-suspends-trial/491991 |title=High Court grants Hasina bail, suspends trial |magazine=Outlook |access-date=28 March 2016 |archive-date=12 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412043101/http://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/high-court-grants-hasina-bail-suspends-trial/491991 |url-status=live))</ref> On 2 September 2007, an additional case was filed against Hasina by the Anti-Corruption Commission regarding the awarding of a contract for the construction of a power plant in 1997, for which she allegedly took a bribe of 30 million takas and kept the contract from going to the lowest bidder. Six others were also accused of involvement.<ref name="Sued">((cite news |title=Ex-PM sued on corruption charges in Bangladesh |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/09/02/asia/AS-GEN-Bangladesh-Ex-Prime-Minister.php |newspaper=International Herald Tribune |agency=Associated Press |date=2 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080601074635/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/09/02/asia/AS-GEN-Bangladesh-Ex-Prime-Minister.php |archive-date=1 June 2008))</ref><ref>[http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-09-03/rest-of-world/27988420_1_graft-dhaka-court-prime-minister-sheikh-hasina "Detained ex-PM of Bangladesh faces new graft charges"] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110131807/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-09-03/rest-of-world/27988420_1_graft-dhaka-court-prime-minister-sheikh-hasina |date=10 January 2014 )), ''The Times of India'', 3 September 2007.</ref> A graft case was filed against Zia on the same day.<ref name="Sued" />

On 13 January 2008, Hasina was indicted on extortion charges by a special court along with two of her relatives, her sister [[Sheikh Rehana]] and her cousin [[Sheikh Selim]].<ref>((cite news |title=Bangladesh court indicts Hasina, two others in extortion case |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-01-13/rest-of-world/27778783_1_azam-j-chowdhury-extortion-case-sheikh-rehana |date=13 January 2008 |access-date=30 September 2013 |archive-date=10 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110130654/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-01-13/rest-of-world/27778783_1_azam-j-chowdhury-extortion-case-sheikh-rehana |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=dead))</ref> On 6 February, the High Court stopped the trial, ruling that she could not be prosecuted under emergency laws for crimes alleged to have been committed prior to the imposition of the state of emergency.<ref>((cite news |title=Bangladesh court quashes Hasina's trial |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/000200802061550.htm |work=The Hindu |date=6 February 2008 |access-date=30 September 2013 |archive-date=10 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110023617/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/000200802061550.htm |url-status=live))</ref>

On 11 June 2008, Hasina was released on parole for medical reasons. The next day she flew to the United States to be treated for hearing impairment, eye problems and high blood pressure.<ref>((cite news |last=Herman |first=Steve |title=Bangladesh Caretaker Government Frees Former PM Hasina |url=http://www.voanews.com/english/2008-06-11-voa8.cfm |work=Voice of America |date=11 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080710085202/http://voanews.com/english/2008-06-11-voa8.cfm |archive-date=10 July 2008 |url-status=dead))</ref><ref>((cite news |url=http://www.gulfnews.com/World/Bangladesh/10220470.html |title=Sheikh Hasina goes to US for medical treatment |work=Gulf News |access-date=15 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211174956/http://www.gulfnews.com/World/Bangladesh/10220470.html |archive-date=11 February 2009))</ref> [[Syed Modasser Ali]], her personal physician, threatened to sue the caretaker government over negligence regarding Hasina's treatment during her detention.<ref>((cite news |title=Hasina wants to return end of Sept: doctor |url=http://bdnews24.com/politics/2008/08/17/hasina-wants-to-return-end-of-sept-doctor |newspaper=bdnews24.com |access-date=21 August 2008 |archive-date=27 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627091049/https://bdnews24.com/politics/2008/08/17/hasina-wants-to-return-end-of-sept-doctor |url-status=live))</ref>

The caretaker government held mayoral elections in which AL won 12 out of 13 elections. The government extended her two-month medical parole by one more month.<ref>((Cite magazine |date=7 August 2008 |title=Sheikh Hasina's happy day; Bangladesh |url=https://www.economist.com/asia/2008/08/07/sheikh-hasinas-happy-day |magazine=The Economist |archive-date=26 September 2020 |access-date=21 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926193830/https://www.economist.com/asia/2008/08/07/sheikh-hasinas-happy-day |url-status=live))</ref>

==Second premiership (2009–present)==
===Second term (2009–2014) ===
((see also|Second Hasina ministry))
[[File:Sheikh Hasina with David Cameron.jpg|thumb|Hasina with British Prime Minister [[David Cameron]] at [[10 Downing Street]] (January 2011)]]

On 6 November 2008, Hasina returned to Bangladesh to contest the [[2008 Bangladeshi general election|2008 general election]] scheduled for 29 December.<ref>((cite news |last=Pasricha |first=Anjana |date=6 November 2008 |title=Sheikh Hasina Returns to Lead Her Party in Bangladesh |url=http://www.voanews.com/english/2008-11-06-voa23.cfm |work=VOA News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081110090007/http://voanews.com/english/2008-11-06-voa23.cfm |archive-date=10 November 2008 |url-status=dead))</ref> She decided to participate in the parliamentary election under the banner of the "[[Grand Alliance (Bangladesh)|Grand Alliance]]" with the [[Jatiya Party (Ershad)|Jatiya Party]], led by [[Hussain Muhammad Ershad]], as its main partner. On 11 December 2008, Hasina formally announced her party's election manifesto during a news conference and vowed to build a "[[Vision 2021#Digital Bangladesh|Digital Bangladesh]]" by 2021.<ref>((Cite news |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-68943 |title=Hasina plays on people's expectation for a change |newspaper=The Daily Star |access-date=28 March 2016 |archive-date=8 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408011541/http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-68943 |url-status=live))</ref>

The AL manifesto was entitled ''A Charter for Change'' and included the party's commitment to [[Vision 2021]]. The manifesto included pledges too implement measures to reduce price hikes; combat corruption by strengthening the independent [[Anti-Corruption Commission (Bangladesh)|ACC]] and submission of annual wealth statements by influential people; introduction of a long-term policy towards power and energy increasing power generation to 7,000 megawatts by 2013; bringing vibrancy to the agriculture sector and extending the safety net to the poor; creating good governance and curtailing terrorism and religious extremism; prosecution of 1971 war criminals; ensuring an independent and impartial judiciary; reforming the electoral system; strengthening the [[National Human Rights Commission of Bangladesh|Human Rights Commission]] and de-politicising the administration.<ref name=":3"/>

Her Awami League and the Grand Alliance (a total of 14 parties) won the 2008 general election with a two-thirds majority, having won 230 out of 299 seats.<ref>((Cite news |date=2008-12-30 |title=Hasina wins Bangladesh landslide |language=en-GB |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7803785.stm |access-date=2022-03-27 |archive-date=16 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090216215840/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/7803785.stm |url-status=live))</ref> Khaleda Zia, leader of the BNP-led coalition (4-Party Alliance), rejected the results of the election by accusing the Chief Election Commissioner of "stage-managing the parliamentary election".<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.samaylive.com/news/khaleda-zia-rejects-bdesh-election-result/602947.html |title=चण्डीगढ़,पंजाब और हरियाणा में घना कोहरा छा&#2 |publisher=Samay Live |date=10 January 2010 |language=hi |access-date=26 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401090546/http://www.samaylive.com/news/khaleda-zia-rejects-bdesh-election-result/602947.html |archive-date=1 April 2012 |url-status=dead))</ref> Hasina was sworn into office as prime minister for a second term on 6 January 2009. Independent observers declared that the elections were held in a festive and peaceful atmosphere.<ref>((Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/30/world/asia/30bangladesh.html |title=Secular Party Wins in Bangladesh |last1=Sengupta |first1=Somini |date=29 December 2008 |work=The New York Times |access-date=8 February 2019 |last2=Manik |first2=Julfikar Ali |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=9 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124851/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/30/world/asia/30bangladesh.html |url-status=live))</ref>

After being elected prime minister, Hasina reneged on her agreement with the Jatiya Party to make Ershad, its leader, the president.<ref>((cite news |url=http://banglanews24.com/detailsnews.php?nssl=5c0b22ae24d0082d80a0d52feb219798&nttl=22082012134014 |script-title=bn:এরশাদের ভারতপ্রেম রাজনীতিতে নতুন ছক! |work=Banglanews24 |date=22 August 2012 |language=bn |access-date=26 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110130004/http://www.banglanews24.com/detailsnews.php?nssl=5c0b22ae24d0082d80a0d52feb219798&nttl=22082012134014 |archive-date=10 January 2014))</ref>

Hasina removed Awami League central committee members who supported reforms forced by the previous caretaker government.<ref>((cite magazine |date=10 August 2009 |title=Sheikh Hasina flexes her muscles |url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1824562351.html  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627062235/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1824562351.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 June 2018 |magazine=Dhaka Courier ))</ref> She had to confront a major national crisis in the form of the [[2009 Bangladesh Rifles revolt]] over a pay dispute, which resulted in 56 deaths, including Bangladesh Army officers.<ref>((Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/feb/28/bangladesh-soldiers-rebellion-mutiny |title=Bangladeshi army officers' bodies found as death toll from mutiny rises to more than 75 |last1=Ramesh |first1=Randeep |date=28 February 2009 |work=The Guardian |access-date=8 February 2019 |last2=Monsur |first2=Maloti |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=9 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124407/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/feb/28/bangladesh-soldiers-rebellion-mutiny |url-status=live))</ref><ref>((Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/14/world/asia/14bangla.html |title=Bangladeshi Premier Faces a Grim Crucible |last=Sengupta |first=Somini |date=13 March 2009 |work=The New York Times |access-date=8 February 2019 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=9 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209130136/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/14/world/asia/14bangla.html |url-status=live))</ref> Hasina was blamed by the army officers due to her refusal to intervene against the revolt.<ref name="Khan"/><ref name="TDS">((Cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-201558 |title=Hasina showed character |date=2011-09-08 |access-date=2023-02-21 |work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230221012054/https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-201558 |archive-date=2023-02-21 |url-status=live))</ref><ref>((Cite magazine |url=https://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1882554,00.html |title=After the Mutiny, Questions About Bangladesh's Army |date=2009-03-02 |access-date=2023-02-21 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |last=Sobhan |first=Zafar |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230221012347/https://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1882554,00.html |archive-date=2023-02-21 |url-status=live))</ref><ref>((Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/feb/28/bangladesh-soldiers-rebellion-mutiny |title=Bangladeshi army officers' bodies found as death toll from rebellion rises |date=2009-02-28 |access-date=2023-02-21 |work=[[The Guardian]] |last1=Ramesh |first1=Randeep |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230221012705/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/feb/28/bangladesh-soldiers-rebellion-mutiny |archive-date=2023-02-21 |url-status=live |last2=Monsur |first2=Maloti))</ref> However, In 2009, a recording emerged of Hasina's private meeting with army officers, who expressed their anger with how she had not reacted more decisively in the revolt's early stages, by ordering an armed raid of the BDR Rifles compound; they believed that her efforts to appease the revolt's leaders delayed needed action which led to more deaths.<ref name="Khan">((cite news |last1=Khan |first1=Urmee |last2=Nelson |first2=Dean |title=Bangladeshi army officers blame prime minister for mutiny |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/bangladesh/4982518/Bangladeshi-army-officers-blame-prime-minister-for-mutiny.html |access-date=26 December 2022 |work=www.telegraph.co.uk |archive-date=9 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124251/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/bangladesh/4982518/Bangladeshi-army-officers-blame-prime-minister-for-mutiny.html |url-status=live))</ref><ref name="TDS" /> In a 2011 [[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|''The Daily Star'']] editorial, she was commended for "her sagacious handling of the situation which resulted in the prevention of a further bloodbath".<ref name="TDS" /> In 2011, the parliament removed the law that required non-party caretaker government hold elections.<ref>((Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-13973576 |title=Bangladesh ends 'caretaker' polls |work=BBC News |date=30 June 2011 |access-date=8 February 2019 |archive-date=9 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209134131/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-13973576 |url-status=live))</ref> In 2012, she maintained a hard-line stance and refused to allow entry to [[Rohingya]] refugees fleeing [[Myanmar]] during the [[2012 Rakhine State riots]].<ref>((YouTube|0IF_wu4dxUk|PM says Bangladesh cannot help Rohingya))</ref>

[[File:Russia-Bangladeshi talks Moscow 2013-01-15 10.jpeg|thumb|Hasina with Russian President [[Vladimir Putin]] at the [[Moscow Kremlin|Kremlin]] in January 2013]]

On 27 June 2013, a case against Hasina and 24 other Bangladeshi Ministers and security personnel was lodged at the [[International Criminal Court]] (ICC) for the alleged violation of human rights.<ref>((cite news |title=Complaint lodged at ICC accusing Hasina, 24 others |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/uncategorized/2013/06/29/complaint-lodged-at-icc-accusing-hasina-24-others |newspaper=Dhaka Tribune |date=29 June 2013 |access-date=7 January 2017 |archive-date=12 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201212003600/https://www.dhakatribune.com/uncategorized/2013/06/29/complaint-lodged-at-icc-accusing-hasina-24-others |url-status=live))</ref> She has been "credited internationally" for the achievement of some of the United Nations [[Millennium Development Goals]].<ref name=":2">((cite news |last1=Tisdall |first1=Simon |last2=Ridout |first2=Anna |date=21 September 2015 |title=Bangladesh's PM rejects claims of repression: 'I do politics for the people' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/21/bangladesh-prime-minister-rejects-accusations-of-authoritarian-rule |newspaper=The Guardian |issn=0261-3077 |access-date=28 March 2016 |archive-date=18 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160318135016/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/21/bangladesh-prime-minister-rejects-accusations-of-authoritarian-rule |url-status=live))</ref> In [[2011 Bangladesh coup d'état attempt|2012 a coup attempt]] against her by mid-ranking army officers was stopped, with the Bangladesh Army being tipped off by an Indian intelligence agency.<ref>((cite magazine |last=Samad |first=Saleem |date=28 January 2012 |title=Dhaka Conspiracy |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/bangladesh-coup-bid-against-sheikh-hasina-foiled/1/170876.html |url-status=live |magazine=[[India Today]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170530024231/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/bangladesh-coup-bid-against-sheikh-hasina-foiled/1/170876.html |archive-date=30 May 2017 |access-date=3 June 2017))</ref> The [[Bangladesh Army]] described the army officers involved as being Islamist extremists.<ref>((Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/20/world/asia/bangladesh-army-claims-to-thwart-coup-attempt.html |title=Bangladesh Army Claims to Thwart Coup Attempt |last1=Gottipati |first1=Sruthi |date=19 January 2012 |work=The New York Times |access-date=8 February 2019 |last2=Kumar |first2=Hari |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=9 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209130126/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/20/world/asia/bangladesh-army-claims-to-thwart-coup-attempt.html |url-status=live))</ref>

In 2012, she had a falling out with [[Muhammad Yunus]], Nobel laureate and founder of [[Grameen Bank]], following a Norwegian documentary that was critical of Yunus's transferring of money from Grameen Bank to an affiliate organisation. Yunus transferred the money back after the documentary aired but it increased scrutiny of the bank by the government and media in Bangladesh. Yunus lost control of his bank following a court verdict. He criticised Hasina and other Bangladeshi politicians. She responded by saying she did not understand why Yunus blamed her when it was a court verdict that removed him from Grameen Bank.<ref>((Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/24/world/asia/grandmotherly-bangladesh-leader-unfazed-by-problems-at-home.html |title=Grandmotherly Bangladesh Leader Unfazed by Problems at Home |last=Gladstone |first=Rick |date=23 September 2011 |work=The New York Times |access-date=8 February 2019 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=9 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124022/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/24/world/asia/grandmotherly-bangladesh-leader-unfazed-by-problems-at-home.html |url-status=live))</ref>

During this term, her government led and succeeded in forming the [[International Crimes Tribunal (Bangladesh)|International Crimes Tribunal]], to investigate and prosecute suspects involved in the [[1971 Bangladesh genocide|Bangladesh Genocide]], committed by the Pakistan Army and their local collaborators, [[Razakar (Pakistan)|Razakars]], [[Al-Badr (East Pakistan)|Al-Badr]], and [[Al-Shams (East Pakistan)|Al-Shams]] during the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] in 1971.<ref>((Cite news |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/court/2017/09/19/reform-international-crimes-tribunal |title=Reform in International Crimes Tribunal soon |date=18 September 2017 |work=Dhaka Tribune |access-date=8 February 2019 |archive-date=9 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209125237/https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/court/2017/09/19/reform-international-crimes-tribunal |url-status=live))</ref>

===Third term (2014–2019) ===
((See also|Third Hasina ministry))
[[File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi meeting the Prime Minister of Bangladesh, Ms. Sheikh Hasina, on the sidelines of the 4th BIMSTEC Summit, in Kathmandu, Nepal on August 30, 2018.JPG|thumb|Hasina with Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]], 2018]]

Hasina secured a second-consecutive term in office with her ruling Awami League and its Grand Alliance allies, winning the [[2014 Bangladeshi general election|2014 general election]] by a landslide. The election was boycotted by leading opposition parties due to unfair conditions and a lack of non-partisan administration to conduct elections.<ref name="indept">((cite news |title=Bangladesh: Ruling Awami League wins election marred by boycott and violence |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/bangladeshs-ruling-awami-league-wins-election-marred-by-boycott-and-violence-9041436.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/bangladeshs-ruling-awami-league-wins-election-marred-by-boycott-and-violence-9041436.html |archive-date=2022-05-01 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |date=6 January 2014 |access-date=11 March 2022))((cbignore))</ref> As a result, the AL-led Grand Alliance won 267 seats out of which 153 were uncontested, surpassing its 2008 poll success – when it secured 263 parliamentary seats.&nbsp;<ref name=":6">((Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-46718393 |title=Bangladesh PM wins landslide election |work=BBC News |date=31 December 2018 |access-date=8 August 2019 |archive-date=5 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190105234147/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-46718393 |url-status=live))</ref>&nbsp;Sheikh Hasina's Awami League has run Bangladesh since 2009 and won 288 seats in this election.<ref>((Cite news |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-01-01/bangladesh-ruling-coalition-declared-winner-of-disputed-vote/10676404 |title=Bangladesh's ruling alliance wins almost every seat amid claims of intimidation |date=1 January 2019 |work=ABC News |access-date=8 August 2019 |archive-date=21 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421074418/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-01-01/bangladesh-ruling-coalition-declared-winner-of-disputed-vote/10676404 |url-status=live))</ref> One of the leading opposition parties accused it of using stuffed ballot boxes.<ref name=":6" /> The election was boycotted by major opposition parties including the BNP.((citation needed|date=September 2021))

The election was controversial, with reports of violence and an alleged crackdown on the opposition in the run-up to the election. In the election 153 seats (of 300) went uncontested, of which the Awami League won 127 by default.<ref>((cite web |url=http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/bangladesh/constitution-politics |title=Bangladesh: Constitution and politics |website=The Commonwealth |access-date=8 August 2019 |archive-date=4 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804001006/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/bangladesh/constitution-politics |url-status=live))</ref><ref>((cite web |url=https://www.e-ir.info/2014/02/02/elections-in-bangladesh-political-conflict-and-the-problem-of-credibility/ |title=Elections in Bangladesh: Political Conflict and the Problem of Credibility |website=E-International Relations |date=2 February 2014 |access-date=8 August 2019 |archive-date=8 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808114324/https://www.e-ir.info/2014/02/02/elections-in-bangladesh-political-conflict-and-the-problem-of-credibility/ |url-status=live))</ref> Hasina's Awami League won a safe parliamentary majority with a total of 234 seats.<ref>((Cite news |url=https://www.observerbd.com/details.php?id=176500 |title=Sheikh Hasina fourth time Prime Minister – Front Page |work=The Daily Observer |access-date=8 August 2019 |archive-date=3 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203063843/http://www.observerbd.com/details.php?id=176500 |url-status=live))</ref><ref>((Cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/bangladesh-national-election-2018/bangladesh-past-general-elections-stats-and-fact-box-1680232 |title=Election Special: PAST ELECTIONS FACT BOX |date=29 December 2018 |work=The Daily Star |access-date=8 August 2019 |archive-date=8 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808123745/https://www.thedailystar.net/bangladesh-national-election-2018/bangladesh-past-general-elections-stats-and-fact-box-1680232 |url-status=live))</ref> As a result of the boycott and violence, voter turnout was lower than the previous few elections at only 51%. The day after the result, Hasina said that the boycott should "not mean there will be a question of legitimacy.<ref>((cite web |url=http://aceproject.org/electoral-advice/archive/questions/replies/648740562 |title=Role of election boycotts in a democracy — |website=aceproject.org |access-date=2019-08-08 |archive-date=8 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808123734/http://aceproject.org/electoral-advice/archive/questions/replies/648740562 |url-status=live))</ref><ref>((Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-25602436 |title=Clashes in boycotted Bangladesh poll |date=2014-01-05 |access-date=2019-08-08 |archive-date=22 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422084053/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-25602436 |url-status=live))</ref> People participated in the poll and other parties participated." Despite the controversy Hasina went on to form a government with Ershad's Jatiya Party (who won 34 seats) as the official opposition.<ref>((Cite news |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/election/2018/11/25/awami-league-to-offer-36-seats-to-jatiya-party |title=Awami League to offer 36 seats to Jatiya Party |date=25 November 2018 |work=Dhaka Tribune |access-date=8 August 2019 |archive-date=8 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808123734/https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/election/2018/11/25/awami-league-to-offer-36-seats-to-jatiya-party |url-status=live))</ref><ref>((Cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/news/falling-short-five-seats-1681849 |title=Falling short by five seats |date=2 January 2019 |work=The Daily Star |access-date=8 August 2019 |archive-date=8 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808123733/https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/news/falling-short-five-seats-1681849 |url-status=live))</ref>

[[File:G7 members and Guest Invitees group photo.jpg|thumb|Hasina with G7 Leaders and guests, Shima Kanko Hotel in Japan, 2016]]

The BNP wanted the elections to be held under a neutral caretaker government and had hoped to use protests to force the government to do so.<ref>((Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/12/world/asia/matriarchs-duel-for-power-threatens-to-tilt-bangladesh-off-balance.html |title=Matriarchs' Duel for Power Threatens to Tilt Bangladesh Off Balance |last=Barry |first=Ellen |date=11 January 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=8 February 2019 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=9 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209125013/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/12/world/asia/matriarchs-duel-for-power-threatens-to-tilt-bangladesh-off-balance.html |url-status=live))</ref><ref>((Cite news |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2014/01/bangladesh-elections-hanging-thread-201413105638185296.html |title=Bangladesh elections: Hanging by a thread |work=Al Jazeera |access-date=8 February 2019 |archive-date=9 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124238/https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2014/01/bangladesh-elections-hanging-thread-201413105638185296.html |url-status=live))</ref>

The period also saw [[Attacks by Islamic extremists in Bangladesh|increasing attacks by Islamic extremists in the country]], including the [[July 2016 Dhaka attack]] which has been described as "deadliest Islamist attack in Bangladeshi history" by BBC.<ref>((cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-50570243 |title=Holey Artisan cafe: Bangladesh Islamists sentenced to death for 2016 attack |work=[[BBC News]] |date=27 November 2019 |access-date=29 October 2022 |quote=The 12-hour siege was Bangladesh's deadliest Islamist attack. Most of the victims were Italian or Japanese. |archive-date=27 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127133047/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-50570243 |url-status=live))</ref> According to experts, the Hasina-led government's repression of political opposition as well as shrinking democratic and civic space has created "the space for [[Extremism|extremist]] groups to flourish" and "has generated a violent backlash from Islamist groups."<ref>((cite web |last1=Herbert |first1=Siân |title=Conflict analysis of Bangladesh |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/323960655.pdf |publisher=K4D |access-date=9 December 2022 |archive-date=9 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209234408/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/323960655.pdf |url-status=live))</ref>

In March 2017, Bangladesh's first two submarines were commissioned.<ref>((cite news |title=Bangladesh's first 2 submarines commissioned |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/country/bangladeshs-first-two-submarines-commissioned-1374724 |work=The Daily Star |date=12 March 2017 |access-date=13 September 2017 |archive-date=12 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312090121/http://www.thedailystar.net/country/bangladeshs-first-two-submarines-commissioned-1374724 |url-status=live))</ref> In September 2017, Hasina's government granted refuge and aid to around a million [[Rohingya]] refugees and urged [[Myanmar]] to end violence against the Rohingya community.<ref>((cite news |date=2017-09-13 |title=Bangladesh PM Sheikh Hasina visits Rohingya refugees, assures help |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/world/bangladesh-pm-sheikh-hasina-visits-rohingya-refugees-assures-help-4841057/ |access-date=2022-03-27 |work=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=14 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914125202/http://indianexpress.com/article/world/bangladesh-pm-sheikh-hasina-visits-rohingya-refugees-assures-help-4841057/ |url-status=live))</ref> The majority of the Bangladeshi people supported the government's decision to provide refugee status to the Rohingya. Hasina received credit and praise for her actions.<ref>((Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/06/opinion/rohingya-bangladesh-myanmar.html |title=How the Rohingya Crisis Is Changing Bangladesh |last=Joehnk |first=Tom Felix |date=6 October 2017 |work=The New York Times |access-date=8 February 2019 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=9 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209125005/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/06/opinion/rohingya-bangladesh-myanmar.html |url-status=live))</ref>

Hasina supported calls to remove the [[Bangladesh Statue of Justice controversy|Statue of Justice]] in front of the [[Supreme Court of Bangladesh|Supreme Court]]. This was seen as the government bowing down to the pressure of those who use religion for political ends.<ref>((cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/may/26/lady-justice-statue-bangladesh-removed-islamist-objections |title=Lady Justice statue in Bangladesh is removed after Islamist objections |first=Michael |last=Safi |date=26 May 2017 |work=The Guardian |access-date=28 January 2019 |archive-date=28 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201228012027/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/may/26/lady-justice-statue-bangladesh-removed-islamist-objections |url-status=live))</ref>

Hasina is a patron of the [[Asian University for Women]], led by Chancellor [[Cherie Blair]], and including the First Lady of Japan, [[Akie Abe]], as well as [[Irina Bokova]], the Director-General of [[UNESCO]].<ref>((cite web |title=Educating girls and women is the best way to fight poverty and build peace |url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/media-services/single-view/news/educating_girls_and_women_is_the_best_way_to_fight_poverty/ |publisher=UNESCO |access-date=27 July 2017 |archive-date=7 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907041547/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/media-services/single-view/news/educating_girls_and_women_is_the_best_way_to_fight_poverty/ |url-status=live))</ref>

===Fourth term (2019–2024)===
((See also|Fourth Hasina ministry))

Hasina won her third consecutive term, her fourth overall, when her Awami League won 288 of the 300 parliamentary seats. The leader of the main opposition alliance, [[Kamal Hossain]], declared the vote "farcical" and rejected the results. Before the election, [[Human Rights Watch]] and other rights organisations had accused the government of creating an intimidating environment for the Opposition.<ref>((Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/31/world/asia/bangladesh-election-sheikh-hasina-contested.html |title=Bangladesh's Leader Wins a Third Term but Opposition Contests Results |last1=Manik |first1=Julfikar Ali |date=31 December 2018 |work=The New York Times |access-date=8 February 2019 |last2=Abi-Habib |first2=Maria |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=9 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124735/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/31/world/asia/bangladesh-election-sheikh-hasina-contested.html |url-status=live))</ref> ''[[The New York Times]]'' editorial board described the election as farcical, the editorial stated that it was likely Hasina would have won without vote-rigging and questioned why she did so.<ref>((Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/14/opinion/editorials/bangladesh-election-sheikh-hasina.html |title=Bangladesh's Farcical Vote |author=The Editorial Board |date=14 January 2019 |work=The New York Times |access-date=8 February 2019 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=9 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124520/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/14/opinion/editorials/bangladesh-election-sheikh-hasina.html |url-status=live))</ref>

The BNP, the main opposition party that has been out of power for 12 years and boycotted the 2014 general election, fared extremely poorly. Winning only eight seats, the party and its [[Jatiya Oikya Front]] alliance have been marginalised to the weakest opposition ever since Bangladesh's post-Ershad democratic restoration in 1991.<ref>((Cite news |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/election/2018/12/30/11th-general-election-awami-league-takes-massive-lead-as-vote-counting-continues |title=Awami League wins five more years |date=30 December 2018 |work=Dhaka Tribune |access-date=8 August 2019 |archive-date=8 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808114322/https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/election/2018/12/30/11th-general-election-awami-league-takes-massive-lead-as-vote-counting-continues |url-status=live))</ref>

[[File:18th Summit of Non-Aligned Movement gets underway in Baku 088.jpg|thumb|Hasina in the [[18th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement|18th NAM Summit]]]]
In May 2021, Hasina provided the inaugural address for the opening of a new headquarters for the [[Bangladesh Post Office]], named the Dak Bhaban. In her address, Hasina urged for further development of the postal service in response to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh]]. Developmental measures outlined in the address include continuing the service's [[digital transformation]], and the construction of cooling units in postal warehouses to pave the way for the sending of perishable food by mail.<ref name="Dhaka Tribune 2021">((cite news |title=PM Hasina urges postal department to start online business |work=Dhaka Tribune |date=27 May 2021 |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2021/05/27/pm-opens-newly-constructed-dak-bhaban-for-directorate-of-posts |access-date=28 May 2021 |archive-date=27 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527065047/https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2021/05/27/pm-opens-newly-constructed-dak-bhaban-for-directorate-of-posts |url-status=live))</ref>
[[File:First Minister Nicola Sturgeon meets with Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina (51650701244).jpg|thumb|[[Scottish First Minister]] [[Nicola Sturgeon]] with Hasina in [[COP26]] in 2021]]
In January 2022, the government passed a law in the [[Jatiya Sangsad]] establishing the Universal Pension Scheme. All Bangladeshi citizens, including [[bangladeshi diaspora|expatriates]], between 18 and 60 years old are eligible to receive a monthly stipend under the scheme.<ref>((Cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/business/economy/news/universal-pension-scheme-what-it-and-how-it-will-work-3234871 |title=Universal pension scheme: What it is and how it will work |date=2023-01-31 |access-date=2023-03-10 |work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] |last=Zaman |first=Md Asaduz |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230310034233/https://www.thedailystar.net/business/economy/news/universal-pension-scheme-what-it-and-how-it-will-work-3234871 |archive-date=2023-03-10 |url-status=live))</ref>

By the end of fiscal year 2021–22, Bangladesh's [[external debt]] reached $95.86 billion, a 238% increase from 2011.<ref>((cite news |title=Bangladesh's foreign debt more than triples in 10 years |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/economy/bangladeshs-foreign-debt-more-triples-10-years-547358 |access-date=9 December 2022 |work=The Business Standard |date=7 December 2022 |language=en |archive-date=8 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208173812/https://www.tbsnews.net/economy/bangladeshs-foreign-debt-more-triples-10-years-547358 |url-status=live))</ref> The period is also marked by massive irregularities in the banking sector of the country where the amount of default loans went from less than ((BDTConvert|23000|c)) in 2009<ref>((cite news |title=Defaulted loans rise by 417pc since 2009: study |url=https://www.newagebd.net/article/116978/defaulted-loans-rise-by-417pc-since-2009-study |access-date=16 December 2022 |work=New Age |language=en |archive-date=16 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221216224053/https://www.newagebd.net/article/116978/defaulted-loans-rise-by-417pc-since-2009-study |url-status=live))</ref> to more than ((BDTConvert|250000|c)) in 2019 according to [[International Monetary Fund|IMF]].<ref>((cite news |last1=Taleb |first1=Sheikh Abu |title=Default loans in Bangladesh's banks keep swelling |url=https://bdnews24.com/economy/66uoc4iqzd#:~:text=After%20the%20situation%20started%20to,what%20Bangladesh%20Bank%20data%20showed. |access-date=16 December 2022 |work=bdnews24.com |language=en |archive-date=16 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221216224050/https://bdnews24.com/economy/66uoc4iqzd#:~:text=After%20the%20situation%20started%20to,what%20Bangladesh%20Bank%20data%20showed. |url-status=live))</ref>

In July 2022, the [[Ministry of Finance (Bangladesh)|Finance Ministry]] requested fiscal assistance from the [[International Monetary Fund]]. The government cited depleting foreign-exchange reserves as a result of the sanctions in response to the [[Russo-Ukraine War|Russia-Ukraine conflict]]. A staff level agreement was reached in November 2022 and in January 2023, the IMF agreed to supply a support programme totalling US$4.7 billion, consisting of US$3.3 billion under the Extended Credit Facility and US$1.4 billion under the new Resilience and Sustainability Facility. The IMF stated support package "will help preserve macroeconomic stability, protect the vulnerable and foster inclusive and green growth."<ref>((Cite news |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/economy/2023/03/04/cash-strapped-countries-face-imf-bailout-delays |title=IMF board approves $4.7 billion support program for Bangladesh |date=2023-01-31 |access-date=2023-03-12 |work=[[Dhaka Tribune]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230312160416/https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2023/01/31/imf-board-approves-47-billion-support-program-for-bangladesh |archive-date=2023-03-12 |url-status=live))</ref>

In December 2022, [[2022 Bangladesh protests|anti-government protests]] broke out, linked to the rising costs, demanding the resignation of the Prime Minister.<ref>((Cite news |last1=Sud |first1=Vedika |last2=Xiong |first2=Yong |date=2022-12-11 |title=Tens of thousands protest in Bangladesh to demand resignation of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/11/asia/bangladesh-protests-prime-minister-sheikh-hasina-intl-hnk/index.html |access-date=2022-12-11 |work=CNN |language=en |archive-date=11 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211221037/https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/11/asia/bangladesh-protests-prime-minister-sheikh-hasina-intl-hnk/index.html |url-status=live))</ref>

On 28 December, Hasina opened the first phase of [[Dhaka Metro Rail]], the country's first [[Rapid transit|mass-rapid transit]] system from [[Uttara (town)|Uttara]] to [[Agargaon]].<ref>((Cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/special-events/dhaka-metro-rail-opening/news/pm-opens-countrys-first-metro-rail-3207081 |title=PM opens country's first metro rail |date=2022-12-28 |access-date=2023-03-10 |work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230115043453/https://www.thedailystar.net/special-events/dhaka-metro-rail-opening/news/pm-opens-countrys-first-metro-rail-3207081 |archive-date=2023-01-15 |url-status=live))</ref>

During the [[2023 G20 New Delhi summit]], Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina had a bilateral meeting with Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] to discuss diversifying India-Bangladesh cooperation, including areas like connectivity and commercial linkages.<ref>((cite web |date=September 8, 2023 |title=PM Modi, Sheikh Hasina hold talks on diversifying India-Bangladesh cooperation |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/pm-modi-sheikh-hasina-hold-talks-on-diversifying-india-bangladesh-cooperation/article67286336.ece |work=The Hindu))</ref> She was accompanied by her daughter [[Saima Wazed]], who is a candidate for a WHO election.<ref>((cite web |date=September 8, 2023 |title=Sheikh Hasina daughter, candidate for WHO election, likely to join mother during G20 summit |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/sheikh-hasina-daughter-candidate-for-who-election-likely-to-join-mother-during-g20-summit-2677859 |publisher=Deccan Herald))</ref> The summit also provided an opportunity for Sheikh Hasina to meet other global leaders and strengthen Bangladesh's bilateral ties.<ref>((cite web |date=September 8, 2023 |title=PM to hold three bilateral meetings with Mauritius PM, Bangladesh PM Sheikh Hasina and US President at his residence in New Delhi |url=https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/news_updates/pm-to-hold-three-bilateral-meetings-with-mauritius-pm-bangladesh-pm-sheikh-hasina-and-us-president-at-his-residence-in-new-delhi/ |publisher=PM India))</ref>

[[File:Sheikh Hasina in 2023.jpg|thumb|Hasina addressing a party rally in [[Kotalipara Upazila|Kotalipara]], [[Gopalganj District, Bangladesh|Gopalganj]] in February 2023]]

===Fifth term (2024–present)===
((See also|Fifth Hasina ministry))
[[File:Hasina and Ilham in Munich 2024.jpg|thumb|Hasina with Azerbaijani President [[Ilham Aliyev]] at the [[60th Munich Security Conference]] in 2024]]
== Controversies ==
The [[Padma Bridge graft scandal]] was a political incident in Bangladesh that involved the ruling Awami League government that allegedly sought, in exchange for the awarding of the construction contract, a large amount of money from the Canadian construction company [[SNC-Lavalin]]. The allegations were subsequently found to be false and without merit, and a Canadian court subsequently dismissed the case.<ref name="ds11Feb2017">((cite news |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/world/north-america/canada-court-finds-no-proof-padma-bridge-graft-conspiracy-1359397 |title=Canada court finds no proof of Padma bridge bribery conspiracy |work=The Daily Star |date=11 February 2017 |access-date=27 September 2017 |archive-date=8 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408074252/https://www.thedailystar.net/world/north-america/canada-court-finds-no-proof-padma-bridge-graft-conspiracy-1359397 |url-status=live))</ref>

As a result of the allegations, [[The World Bank]] pulled out of a project to provide funding for the [[Padma Bridge]], citing corruption concerns, cancelling ((BDTConvert|10241.346|c)) of credit for the 6&nbsp;km-long (four miles) road-rail bridge over the [[Padma River]].<ref>((Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-18655846 |title=World Bank cancels Bangladesh bridge loan over corruption |date=30 June 2012 |work=BBC News |access-date=31 December 2016 |archive-date=15 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915014739/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-18655846 |url-status=live))</ref> One of the individuals implicated was [[Ministry of Posts, Telecommunications and Information Technology|Minister of Communications]] [[Syed Abul Hossain]] who subsequently resigned and was later acquitted of any wrongdoing.<ref>((Cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/banyan/2012/02/strange-bedfellows-bangladesh |title=Bridge-mending |date=27 February 2012 |newspaper=The Economist |access-date=6 February 2017 |issn=0013-0613 |archive-date=7 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207112540/http://www.economist.com/blogs/banyan/2012/02/strange-bedfellows-bangladesh |url-status=live))</ref> On 11 July 2012, BNP General-Secretary [[Mirza Fakhrul Islam Alamgir]] said the Awami League government should make public a letter sent by the World Bank, wherein the Bank brought graft charges against Hasina and three other figures.<ref>((Cite news |url=http://print.thefinancialexpress-bd.com/old/more.php?news_id=136204&date=2012-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207112707/http://print.thefinancialexpress-bd.com/old/more.php?news_id=136204&date=2012-07-11 |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 February 2017 |title=PM among 3 charged with graft by WB : Fakhrul |last=Ahmed |first=Hafez |work=The Financial Express |location=Dhaka |access-date=6 February 2017))</ref> On 17 January 2016, Hasina stated that a managing director of a bank in the United States provoked the World Bank to cancel the loan.<ref>((Cite news |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/city/banks-md-provoked-wb-scrap-padma-bridge-funding-202999 |title=A bank's MD provoked WB to scrap Padma Bridge funding |date=17 January 2016 |newspaper=The Daily Star |access-date=6 February 2017 |archive-date=29 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329123634/http://www.thedailystar.net/city/banks-md-provoked-wb-scrap-padma-bridge-funding-202999 |url-status=live))</ref> The bridge was eventually constructed with the government's own funds and was inaugurated in June 2022 at a cost of ৳30,193.39 [[crore]] (US$3.6 billion),<ref>((Cite news |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2022/06/25/padma-bridge-belongs-to-the-people-of-bangladesh |title=PM: Padma bridge belongs to people of Bangladesh |date=2022-06-25 |access-date=2023-03-10 |work=[[Dhaka Tribune]] |last1=Farhin Antara |first1=Nawaz |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230310033126/https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2022/06/25/padma-bridge-belongs-to-the-people-of-bangladesh |archive-date=2023-03-10 |url-status=live |last2=Mamun |first2=Shohel))</ref> much higher than the original projected cost of ((BDTConvert|10161.75|c)).<ref>((cite news |last1=Islam |first1=Jahidul |title=How Padma Bridge cost surged to Tk30,000cr |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/infrastructure/how-padma-bridge-cost-surged-tk30000cr-170515 |access-date=24 March 2023 |work=The Business Standard |date=12 December 2020 |language=en |archive-date=24 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324204536/https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/infrastructure/how-padma-bridge-cost-surged-tk30000cr-170515 |url-status=live))</ref>

On 24 January 2017, in a speech in parliament, Prime Minister Hasina blamed [[Muhammad Yunus]] for the World Bank's pulling out of the project.<ref>((Cite news |url=http://en.prothom-alo.com/bangladesh/news/137137/PM-blames-Yunus-for-cancellation-of-WB-s-Padma |title=PM blames Yunus for cancellation of WB's Padma financing |newspaper=Prothom Alo |access-date=26 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125165107/http://en.prothom-alo.com/bangladesh/news/137137/PM-blames-Yunus-for-cancellation-of-WB-s-Padma |archive-date=25 January 2017 |url-status=dead))</ref> According to her, Yunus lobbied with the former [[United States Secretary of State]] [[Hillary Clinton]] to persuade the World Bank to terminate the loan.<ref>((Cite news |url=http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2017/01/25/nobel-laureate-yunus-got-hillary-clinton-to-stop-wb-funding-for-padma-bridge-says-hasina |title=Nobel laureate Yunus got Hillary Clinton to stop WB funding for Padma Bridge, says Hasina |newspaper=bdnews24.com |access-date=26 January 2017 |archive-date=25 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125161835/http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2017/01/25/nobel-laureate-yunus-got-hillary-clinton-to-stop-wb-funding-for-padma-bridge-says-hasina |url-status=live))</ref> On 10 February 2017, a justice of the [[Superior Court of Ontario]] dismissed the [[Trial of Muhammad Yunus|bribery-conspiracy case]] for lack of any evidence.<ref name="ds11Feb2017" />

In 2018, Hasina's government passed the controversial [[Digital Security Act, 2018]], under which any criticism deemed inappropriate by the government over the internet or any other media could be punished by prison terms of various degrees. This was heavily criticised both domestically and internationally for suppressing people's freedom of speech, as well as undermining press freedom in Bangladesh.<ref>((cite news |title=Tool ripe for abuse: HRW |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/politics/digital-security-act-2018-overly-broad-ripe-abuse-human-rights-watch-1638454 |work=The Daily Star |date=26 September 2018 |access-date=7 February 2020 |archive-date=7 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207080957/https://www.thedailystar.net/politics/digital-security-act-2018-overly-broad-ripe-abuse-human-rights-watch-1638454 |url-status=live))</ref><ref>((cite web |url=https://www.accessnow.org/new-digital-security-act-in-bangladesh-deepens-threats-to-free-expression/ |title=New Digital Security Act in Bangladesh deepens threats to free expression |date=21 September 2018 |access-date=31 March 2020 |archive-date=7 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207080957/https://www.accessnow.org/new-digital-security-act-in-bangladesh-deepens-threats-to-free-expression/ |url-status=live))</ref><ref>((cite web |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2018/11/bangladesh-muzzling-dissent-online/ |title=Bangladesh: New Digital Security Act is attack on freedom of expression |date=12 November 2018 |publisher=Amnesty International |access-date=31 March 2020 |archive-date=27 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227092510/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2018/11/bangladesh-muzzling-dissent-online/ |url-status=live))</ref><ref>((Cite news |url=https://www.newagebd.net/article/53662/digital-security-act-2018-young-generation-speaks |title=Digital Security Act 2018: young generation speaks |work=New Age |access-date=31 March 2020 |archive-date=24 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224214333/http://www.newagebd.net/article/53662/digital-security-act-2018-young-generation-speaks |url-status=live))</ref><ref>((Cite news |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/10/bangladesh-editors-protest-chilling-digital-security-law-181015122440417.html |title=Bangladesh editors protest 'chilling' Digital Security Act |work=Al Jazeera |access-date=31 March 2020 |archive-date=21 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321103749/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/10/bangladesh-editors-protest-chilling-digital-security-law-181015122440417.html |url-status=live))</ref>

In December 2022, the Hasina government ordered the closure of 191 websites accused of publishing “anti-state news” citing intelligence reports. Dhaka district authorities ordered the closure of Dainik Dinkal, which is owned by [[Tarique Rahman]] of the [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]] (BNP). Dainik Dinkel appealed the order to the [[Bangladesh Press Council]] who dismissed their appeal in February 2022, resulting in its closure.<ref name="tg20Feb2023">((cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/feb/20/bangladesh-shuts-down-main-opposition-newspaper-sheikh-hasina |title=Bangladesh shuts down main opposition newspaper |date=20 February 2023 |work=Agence France-Presse |access-date=20 February 2023 |archive-date=20 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220130345/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/feb/20/bangladesh-shuts-down-main-opposition-newspaper-sheikh-hasina |url-status=live))</ref> The move has been criticised by government opponents who claim the move is an attempt to stifle opposition to the government.<ref name="tg20Feb2023" /> The government claimed Dainik Dinkal violated articles 10, 11, 16, 21(1)(kha) of the Printing Presses and Publications (Declaration and Registration) Act, 1973 as it had irregular publication and its publisher was a convicted felon.<ref>((Cite news |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2023/02/23/now-dainik-dinkal-faces-shutdown |title=Now Dainik Dinkal faces shutdown |date=2023-02-23 |access-date=2023-03-12 |work=[[Dhaka Tribune]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230312152601/https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2023/02/23/now-dainik-dinkal-faces-shutdown |archive-date=2023-03-12 |url-status=live))</ref>

==Personal life==
In 1968, Hasina married [[M. A. Wazed Miah]] (1942–2009), a Bangladeshi physicist, writer, and chairman of the [[Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission]].<ref name=":birthday"/><ref name="britannica">((cite web |title=Sheikh Hasina Wazed |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sheikh-Hasina-Wazed |access-date=2022-03-27 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en |archive-date=12 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112005936/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sheikh-Hasina-Wazed |url-status=live))</ref> She has a son, [[Sajeeb Wazed]], and a daughter, [[Saima Wazed]].<ref name=":birthday"/> Saima's father-in-law is a former [[Ministry of Expatriates' Welfare and Overseas Employment|minister of Expatriates' Welfare and Overseas Employment]] and [[Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Co-operatives|LGRD]], [[Khandaker Mosharraf Hossain (born 1942)|Khandaker Mosharraf Hossain]].<ref>((Cite news |url=http://www.ebangladesh.com/1570 |title=Discussion on the New Cabinet |date=6 January 2009 |newspaper=E-Bangladesh |access-date=30 January 2017 |archive-date=28 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328231818/http://www.ebangladesh.com/1570 |url-status=live))</ref> Hasina's only living sibling, [[Sheikh Rehana]], served as the adviser of Tungipara upazila unit Awami League in Gopalganj in 2017.<ref>((Cite news |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/politics/2017/07/30/shiekh-rehana-becomes-adviser-tungipara-al |title=Sheikh Rehana becomes adviser of Tungipara AL |date=2017-07-30 |work=Dhaka Tribune |access-date=2022-03-26 |archive-date=9 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209125240/https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/politics/2017/07/30/shiekh-rehana-becomes-adviser-tungipara-al |url-status=live))</ref> Hasina's niece (and [[Sheikh Rehana]]'s daughter) is [[Tulip Siddiq]], the UK politician serving as Member of Parliament for the Hampstead and Kilburn constituency.

Throughout her political career, Sheikh Hasina has survived a total of 19 assassination attempts on her life.<ref>((Cite news |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/supplement/life-haunted-assassins-all-along-308341?amp |title=A life haunted by assassins all along |date=2021-09-27 |access-date=2022-08-22 |work=[[The Business Standard]] |last=Karim |first=Rezaul |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220822030914/https://www.tbsnews.net/supplement/life-haunted-assassins-all-along-308341?amp |archive-date=2022-08-22 |url-status=live))</ref> Hasina suffers from a [[Hearing loss|hearing impairment]] as a result of injuries sustained during the [[2004 Dhaka grenade attack|2004 grenade attack]].<ref>((Cite news |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2022/08/21/august-21-grenade-attack-the-day-democracy-almost-died |title=August 21 grenade attack: The day democracy almost died |date=2022-08-21 |access-date=2023-02-27 |work=[[Dhaka Tribune]] |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230228023659/https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2022/08/21/august-21-grenade-attack-the-day-democracy-almost-died |archive-date=2023-02-28 |url-status=live))</ref>

== Bibliography ==
# ''সাদা কালো'' (Black and White)<ref>((cite book |script-title=bn:সাদা কালো – শেখ হাসিনা |url=https://www.rokomari.com/book/2351/sada-kalo |access-date=22 August 2018 |language=bn |archive-date=22 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822145420/https://www.rokomari.com/book/2351/sada-kalo |url-status=live))</ref>
# ''Democracy in Distress Demeaned Humanity''<ref>((cite book |title=Democracy in Distress Demeaned Humanity – Sheikh Hasina |url=https://www.rokomari.com/book/2189/democracy-in-distress-demeaned-humanity |access-date=22 August 2018 |language=en |archive-date=22 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822145449/https://www.rokomari.com/book/2189/democracy-in-distress-demeaned-humanity |url-status=live))</ref>
# ''শেখ রাসেল'' ([[Sheikh Rasel]])<ref>((cite book |last1=Sheikh |first1=Hasina |last2=Sheikh |first2=Rehana |script-title=bn:শেখ রাসেল |url=https://www.rokomari.com/book/11845/skeikh-rasel |access-date=22 August 2018 |language=bn |archive-date=22 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822145436/https://www.rokomari.com/book/11845/skeikh-rasel |url-status=live))</ref>
# ''আমরা জনগণের কথা বলতে এসেছি'' (We Came Here To Speak For The People)<ref>((cite book |script-title=bn:আমরা জনগণের কথা বলতে এসেছি – পান্না কায়সার |last1=Sheikh |first1=Hasina |url=https://www.rokomari.com/book/1814/amra-jonogoner-kotha-bolte-asehshi |access-date=22 August 2018 |language=bn |archive-date=22 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822113857/https://www.rokomari.com/book/1814/amra-jonogoner-kotha-bolte-asehshi |url-status=live))</ref>
# ''আন্তর্জাতিক সম্পর্ক উন্নয়নে শেখ হাসিনা'' (Sheikh Hasina On Developing International relations)<ref>((cite book |last1=Sheikh |first1=Hasina |script-title=bn:আন্তর্জাতিক সম্পর্ক উন্নয়নে শেখ হাসিনা |url=https://www.rokomari.com/book/6913/antorjatik-somporko-unnayone-sheikh-hasina |access-date=22 August 2018 |language=bn |archive-date=22 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822113731/https://www.rokomari.com/book/6913/antorjatik-somporko-unnayone-sheikh-hasina |url-status=live))</ref>
# ''Living in Tears''<ref>((cite book |title=Living in Tears – Sheikh Hasina |last1=Sheikh |first1=Hasina |url=https://www.rokomari.com/book/2356/living-in-tears |language=bn |access-date=22 August 2018 |archive-date=22 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822113734/https://www.rokomari.com/book/2356/living-in-tears |url-status=live))</ref>
# ''রচনাসমগ্র ১''<ref>((cite book |script-title=bn:রচনাসমগ্র ১ |last1=Sheikh |first1=Hasina |url=https://www.rokomari.com/book/4988/rochnasamogro-1 |language=bn |access-date=22 August 2018 |archive-date=22 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822113756/https://www.rokomari.com/book/4988/rochnasamogro-1 |url-status=live))</ref>
# ''রচনাসমগ্র ২''<ref>((cite book |script-title=bn:রচনাসমগ্র ২ |last1=Sheikh |first1=Hasina |url=https://www.rokomari.com/book/4990/rochnasamagro-2 |language=bn |access-date=22 August 2018 |archive-date=22 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822145423/https://www.rokomari.com/book/4990/rochnasamagro-2 |url-status=live))</ref>
# ''সামরিকতন্ত্র বনাম গণতন্ত্র'' (Militarism versus Democracy)<ref>((cite book |script-title=bn:সামরিকতন্ত্র বনাম গণতন্ত্র |last1=Sheikh |first1=Hasina |url=https://www.rokomari.com/book/6909/samoriktontro-bonam-gonotontro |language=bn |access-date=22 August 2018 |archive-date=22 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822113853/https://www.rokomari.com/book/6909/samoriktontro-bonam-gonotontro |url-status=live))</ref>
# ''Development For the Masses''<ref>((cite book |title=Development for the masses |last1=Sheikh |first1=Hasina |url=https://www.rokomari.com/book/47718/development-for-the-masses |access-date=22 August 2018 |archive-date=22 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822113709/https://www.rokomari.com/book/47718/development-for-the-masses |url-status=live))</ref>
# ''Democracy Poverty Elimination and Peace''<ref>((cite book |title=Democracy proverty elimination and peace |last1=Sheikh |first1=Hasina |url=https://www.rokomari.com/book/2358/democracy-proverty-elimination-and-peace |access-date=22 August 2018 |archive-date=22 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822113712/https://www.rokomari.com/book/2358/democracy-proverty-elimination-and-peace |url-status=live))</ref>
# ''বিপন্ন গণতন্ত্র লাঞ্চিত মানবতা'' (Endangered Democracy, Oppressed Humanity)<ref>((cite book |script-title=bn:বিপন্ন গণতন্ত্র লাঞ্চিত মানবতা |last1=Sheikh |first1=Hasina |url=https://www.rokomari.com/book/2352/biponno-gonotontro--lancito-manobota |language=bn |access-date=22 August 2018 |archive-date=22 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822113759/https://www.rokomari.com/book/2352/biponno-gonotontro--lancito-manobota |url-status=live))</ref>
# ''জনগণ এবং গণতন্ত্র'' (People and democracy)<ref>((cite book |script-title=bn:জণগণ এবং গণতন্ত্র |last1=Sheikh |first1=Hasina |title=People and Democracy – Sheikh Hasina |url=https://www.rokomari.com/book/2191/people-and-democracy |language=bn |access-date=22 August 2018 |archive-date=22 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822145541/https://www.rokomari.com/book/2191/people-and-democracy |url-status=live))</ref>
# ''সহেনা মানবতার অবমাননা'' (Can't Tolerate the Insults of Humanity)<ref>((cite book |script-title=bn:সহেনা মানবতার অবমাননা |last1=Sheikh |first1=Hasina |url=https://www.rokomari.com/book/2187/sohena-manobotar-obomanona |language=bn |access-date=22 August 2018 |archive-date=22 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822145455/https://www.rokomari.com/book/2187/sohena-manobotar-obomanona |url-status=live))</ref>
# ''ওরা টোকাই কেন'' (Why they are dumpster diving)<ref>((cite book |script-title=bn:ওরা টোকাই কেন |last1=Sheikh |first1=Hasina |url=https://www.rokomari.com/book/2186/ora-tokai-keno |language=bn |access-date=22 August 2018 |archive-date=22 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822145452/https://www.rokomari.com/book/2186/ora-tokai-keno |url-status=live))</ref>
# ''বাংলাদেশে স্বৈরতন্ত্রের জন্ম'' (The Birth of Autocracy in Bangladesh)<ref>((cite book |script-title=bn:বাংলাদেশে স্বৈরতন্ত্রের জন্ম |last1=Sheikh |first1=Hasina |url=https://www.rokomari.com/book/2185/bangladeshe-soirotontrer-jonmo |language=bn |access-date=22 August 2018 |archive-date=22 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822113831/https://www.rokomari.com/book/2185/bangladeshe-soirotontrer-jonmo |url-status=live))</ref>
# ''বাংলাদেশ জাতীয় সংসদে বঙ্গবন্ধু শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান'' (Sheikh Mujib in Bangladesh Parliament)<ref>((cite book |script-title=bn:বাংলাদেশ জাতীয় সংসদে বঙ্গবন্ধু শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান |last1=Sheikh |first1=Hasina |url=https://www.rokomari.com/book/2192/bangladesh-jatiyo-songsode-bongobandhu-sheikh-mujibur-rahman |language=bn |access-date=22 August 2018 |archive-date=22 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822113723/https://www.rokomari.com/book/2192/bangladesh-jatiyo-songsode-bongobandhu-sheikh-mujibur-rahman |url-status=live))</ref>
# ''শেখ মুজিব আমার পিতা'' (Sheikh Mujib: My father)<ref>((cite book |script-title=bn:শেখ মুজিব আমার পিতা |last1=Sheikh |first1=Hasina |url=https://www.rokomari.com/book/93738/sheikh-mujib-amar-pita |language=bn |access-date=22 August 2018 |archive-date=22 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822113823/https://www.rokomari.com/book/93738/sheikh-mujib-amar-pita |url-status=live))</ref>
# ''সবুজ মাঠ পেরিয়ে'' (Beyond the green field)<ref>((cite book |script-title=bn:সবুজ মাঠ পেরিয়ে |last1=Sheikh |first1=Hasina |url=https://www.rokomari.com/book/4621/sobuj-math-periye |language=bn |access-date=22 August 2018 |archive-date=22 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822113821/https://www.rokomari.com/book/4621/sobuj-math-periye |url-status=live))</ref>
# ''দারিদ্র দূরীকরণে কিছু চিন্তাভাবনা (Few Thoughts on Eradicating Poverty)''<ref>((cite book |script-title=bn:দারিদ্র দূরীকরণে কিছু চিন্তাভাবনা |last1=Sheikh |first1=Hasina |url=https://www.rokomari.com/book/2353/dareddro-durekaron--kishu-cintavabna |language=bn |access-date=22 August 2018 |archive-date=22 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822113804/https://www.rokomari.com/book/2353/dareddro-durekaron--kishu-cintavabna |url-status=live))</ref>
# ''বিশ্ব প্রামান্য ঐতিহ্যে বঙ্গবন্ধুর ভাষণ''<ref>((cite book |script-title=bn:বিশ্ব প্রামান্য ঐতিহ্যে বঙ্গবন্ধুর ভাষণ |last1=Sheikh |first1=Hasina |url=https://www.rokomari.com/book/168042/bishwa-pramano-oitijjey-bangabandhur-vashon |language=bn |access-date=22 August 2018 |archive-date=22 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822113611/https://www.rokomari.com/book/168042/bishwa-pramano-oitijjey-bangabandhur-vashon |url-status=live))</ref>
# ''নির্বাচিত ১০০ ভাষণ'' (Selected 100 speeches)<ref>((cite book |script-title=bn:নির্বাচিত ১০০ ভাষণ |last1=Sheikh |first1=Hasina |url=https://www.rokomari.com/book/158949/nirbachito-100-vason--2014-2017- |language=bn |access-date=22 August 2018 |archive-date=22 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822145505/https://www.rokomari.com/book/158949/nirbachito-100-vason--2014-2017- |url-status=live))</ref>
# ''নির্বাচিত প্রবন্ধ'' (Selected Essay)<ref>((cite book |script-title=bn:নির্বাচিত প্রবন্ধ |last1=Sheikh |first1=Hasina |url=https://www.rokomari.com/book/127766/nirbachito-probondho |language=bn |access-date=22 August 2018 |archive-date=22 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822145523/https://www.rokomari.com/book/127766/nirbachito-probondho |url-status=live))</ref>
# ''The Quest For Vision 2021 – 1st part''<ref>((cite book |title=The quest for vision 2021 1st-part |last1=Sheikh |first1=Hasina |url=https://www.rokomari.com/book/10775/the-quest-for-vision-2021--1st-part- |access-date=22 August 2018 |archive-date=22 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822113807/https://www.rokomari.com/book/10775/the-quest-for-vision-2021--1st-part- |url-status=live))</ref>
# ''The Quest For Vision 2021 – 2nd part''<ref>((cite book |title=The-quest-for-vision-2021—2nd-part |last1=Sheikh |first1=Hasina |url=https://www.rokomari.com/book/91108/the-quest-for-vision-2021-2nd-volume-- |access-date=22 August 2018 |archive-date=22 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822145433/https://www.rokomari.com/book/91108/the-quest-for-vision-2021-2nd-volume-- |url-status=live))</ref>
# ''Muktidata Sheikh Mujib'' (((lang-bn|মুক্তিদাতা শেখ মুজিব))) (Preface)<ref>((cite news |title='মুক্তিদাতা শেখ মুজিব' গ্রন্থের মোড়ক উন্মোচন করলেন প্রধানমন্ত্রী ((!)) কালের কণ্ঠ |url=https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/corporatecorner/2022/03/14/1129084 |access-date=14 March 2022 |work=Kalerkantho |date=14 March 2022 |language=bn |archive-date=14 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314163517/https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/corporatecorner/2022/03/14/1129084 |url-status=live))</ref>

==Honours==
* Mother of humanity by [[Channel 4]]<ref>((Cite magazine |url=http://www.diplomatmagazine.eu/2019/06/01/sheikh-hasina-a-mother-of-humanity/ |title=Sheikh Hasina – The 'Mother of Humanity' |magazine=The Diplomat |date=June 2019 |access-date=19 May 2020 |archive-date=20 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920143927/http://www.diplomatmagazine.eu/2019/06/01/sheikh-hasina-a-mother-of-humanity/ |url-status=live))</ref>
* Planet 50–50 champion by [[UN Women]].<ref name="50-50">((cite news |title=Prime Minister Shiekh Hasina receives 'Planet 50–50 Champion' and 'Agent of Change Award' |date=22 September 2016 |work=bdnews24.com |url=http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2016/09/22/prime-minister-shiekh-hasina-receives-planet-50-50-champion-and-agent-of-change-award |access-date=22 September 2016 |archive-date=23 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923052812/http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2016/09/22/prime-minister-shiekh-hasina-receives-planet-50-50-champion-and-agent-of-change-award |url-status=live))</ref>
* Agent of Change Award by Global Partnership Forum.<ref name="50-50"/>
* In 2018, Sheikh Hasina, 70, has been ranked the fourth senior head of state based on age in Asia while Malaysian leader [[Mahathir Mohamad]] is the world's oldest.<ref>((Cite web |date=2018-05-19 |title=Oldest leaders: Hasina 4th in Asia, Mahathir top in world |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/politics/oldest-leaders-bangladesh-prime-minister-sheikh-hasina-4th-asia-mahathir-mohamad-malaysia-top-world-1578532 |website=The Daily Star |language=en))</ref>
* One of the [[Time 100|''Time'' 100]] in 2018, where she was praised for accepting Rohingya refugees but criticised for "stumbling badly on human rights" and exhibiting a "tendency toward authoritarianism" by presiding over a government that uses extrajudicial killings and enforced disappearances to quash criticism and suppress political dissent.<ref>((cite magazine |last=Ganguly |first=Meenakshi |title=Sheikh Hasina Is on the 2018 TIME 100 List |url=http://time.com/collection/most-influential-people-2018/5217583/sheikh-hasina |magazine=Time |access-date=8 November 2018 |archive-date=1 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101201356/http://www.time.com/collection/most-influential-people-2018/5217583/sheikh-hasina/ |url-status=live))</ref>
* 59th place on ''Forbes''((')) list of 100 most powerful women in the world.<ref name= bdnews24.com>((cite news |url=http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2015/05/27/bangladesh-pm-sheikh-hasina-on-forbes-list-of-100-most-powerful-women-in-the-world |title=Bangladesh PM Sheikh Hasina on Forbes' list of 100 most powerful women in the world |newspaper=bdnews24 |date=27 May 2015 |access-date=8 May 2016 |archive-date=1 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601194427/http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2015/05/27/bangladesh-pm-sheikh-hasina-on-forbes-list-of-100-most-powerful-women-in-the-world |url-status=live))</ref>
* Degree of [[Doctor of Law]] by the [[Boston University]] on 6 February 1997.<ref name="autogenerated1">((cite web |url=http://www.pmo.gov.bd/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=137&Itemid=351 |script-title=bn:প্রধানমন্ত্রীর কার্যালয়-গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ সরকার |language=bn |access-date=15 February 2015 |archive-date=15 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215210043/http://pmo.gov.bd/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=137&Itemid=351 |url-status=live))</ref>
* Honorary [[Doctor of Law]] by the [[Waseda University]]<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.waseda.jp/eng/about/honorary.html |title=早稲田大学 |access-date=15 February 2015 |archive-date=25 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025034831/http://www.waseda.jp/eng/about/honorary.html |url-status=live))</ref> of Japan on 4 July 1997.
* Honorary [[Doctor of Philosophy|Doctorate of Philosophy in Liberal Arts]] by the [[University of Abertay Dundee]] on 25 October 1997.<ref name="autogenerated1"/>
* The [[Félix Houphouët-Boigny Peace Prize]] by the [[UNESCO]] for 1998.<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/houphouet-boigny-peace-prize/award/prizewinners/1998-prizewinners/ |title=1998 Prizewinners – United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization |access-date=15 February 2015 |archive-date=16 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150216020535/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/houphouet-boigny-peace-prize/award/prizewinners/1998-prizewinners/ |url-status=live))</ref><ref>((cite web |url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/houphouet-boigny-peace-prize/award/prizewinners/ |title=Prizewinners of the Félix Houphouët-Boigny Peace Prize – United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization |access-date=15 February 2015 |archive-date=16 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150216020531/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/houphouet-boigny-peace-prize/award/prizewinners/ |url-status=live))</ref>
* [[Mother Teresa]] Award by the All India Peace Council in 1998.<ref name="autogenerated1"/>
* [[M.K. Gandhi]] Award for 1998 by the Mahatma M K Gandhi Foundation of [[Oslo]], Norway.<ref name="autogenerated1"/>
* Awarded Medal of Distinction in 1996–97 and 1998–99 and Head of State Medal in 1996–97 by the [[Lions Clubs International]].<ref>((cite web |url=http://pmo.gov.bd/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=137&Itemid=351 |script-title=bn:প্রধানমন্ত্রীর কার্যালয়-গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ সরকার |language=bn |access-date=15 February 2015 |archive-date=15 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215210043/http://pmo.gov.bd/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=137&Itemid=351 |url-status=live))</ref>
* Honorary Degree of 'Desikottama' (Doctor of Literature, honoris causa) by the [[Visva-Bharati University]] of [[West Bengal]], India on 28 January 1999.<ref name="autogenerated1"/><ref>((cite web |url=http://www.visva-bharati.ac.in/at_a_glance/desikot.htm |title=Desikottamas |access-date=15 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215213359/http://www.visva-bharati.ac.in/at_a_glance/desikot.htm |archive-date=15 February 2015))</ref>
* The Ceres Medal<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/News/2000/Brief/BR0001-e.htm |title=News in brief – January 2000 |access-date=15 February 2015 |archive-date=15 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215232737/http://www.fao.org/News/2000/Brief/BR0001-e.htm |url-status=live))</ref><ref>((cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/NEWSROOM/EN/news/2006/1000417/index.html |title=Queen Sofia of Spain awarded the Ceres Medal |access-date=15 February 2015 |archive-date=15 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215232735/http://www.fao.org/NEWSROOM/EN/news/2006/1000417/index.html |url-status=live))</ref> by the [[Food and Agriculture Organization]] for 1999.<ref name="autogenerated1"/><ref>((cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/faobd/docs/In_Focus/Storyline_BGD_MDG1_achievd.pdf |title=Bangladesh recognized for halving hunger before MDG timeline |website=fao.org |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization |access-date=28 March 2016 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924143546/http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/faobd/docs/In_Focus/Storyline_BGD_MDG1_achievd.pdf |url-status=live))</ref>
* [[Doctor of Law]]<ref>((cite web |url=http://about.anu.edu.au/__documents/committees/honorary_degrees/hasina.pdf |title=About ANU |work=ANU |access-date=15 February 2015 |archive-date=17 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517101103/http://about.anu.edu.au/__documents/committees/honorary_degrees/hasina.pdf |url-status=live))</ref> (honoris causa), by the [[Australian National University]] on 20 October 1999.<ref name="autogenerated1"/>
* Honorary Doctor of Law by the [[University of Dhaka]]<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.du.ac.bd/main_menu/the_university/honoris_causa |title=The University: Honoris Causa |publisher=University of Dhaka |access-date=15 February 2015 |archive-date=5 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005084251/http://www.du.ac.bd/main_menu/the_university/honoris_causa |url-status=live))</ref> on 18 December 1999.<ref name="autogenerated1"/>
* [[Doctor of humane letters|Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters]] by [[University of Bridgeport]] on 5 September 2000.<ref name="autogenerated1"/>
* The [[Pearl S. Buck]] Award<ref>((cite web |url=http://web.randolphcollege.edu/buck/award.asp#recipients |title=Randolph College – The Pearl S. Buck Award |access-date=15 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215205604/http://web.randolphcollege.edu/buck/award.asp#recipients |archive-date=15 February 2015))</ref> by the [[Randolph College]] on 9 April 2000.<ref name="autogenerated1"/>
* Named [[Paul P. Harris|Paul Harris]] Fellow by the [[Rotary Foundation]].<ref name="autogenerated1"/>
* [[Indira Gandhi Prize]] for 2009.<ref>((cite news |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/46408/archives.php |title=Hasina honoured with Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace |work=Deccan Herald |access-date=15 February 2015 |archive-date=15 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215215645/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/46408/archives.php |url-status=live))</ref><ref>((cite news |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/article221350.ece |title=Sheikh Hasina receives Indira Gandhi award |work=The New Indian Express |access-date=15 February 2015 |archive-date=15 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215213428/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/article221350.ece |url-status=dead))</ref>
* Doctor of Literature (honoris causa) by the [[Tripura University]] in January 2012.<ref>((cite news |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/policy/hasina-gets-emotional-about-tripura/article23068659.ece |work=Business Line |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180526120852/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/policy/hasina-gets-emotional-about-tripura/article23068659.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 May 2018 |title=Hasina gets emotional about Tripura |date=26 May 2018))</ref><ref>((cite news |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/218705/content/218348/archives.php |title=Hasina receives doctorate, gets emotional about Tripura |work=Deccan Herald |access-date=15 February 2015 |archive-date=15 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215213904/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/218705/content/218348/archives.php |url-status=live))</ref><ref>((cite news |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120112/jsp/frontpage/story_14998049.jsp |title=Hasina receives doctorate, gets emotional about Tripura |work=The Telegraph |location=Calcutta |access-date=15 February 2015 |archive-date=15 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215211607/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120112/jsp/frontpage/story_14998049.jsp |url-status=dead))</ref><ref>((cite news |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/article330512.ece |title=Tripura varsity confers doctorate on Hasina |work=The New Indian Express |access-date=15 February 2015 |archive-date=15 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215214820/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/article330512.ece |url-status=dead))</ref>
* UNESCO Peace Tree award for her commitment to women's empowerment and girl's education in 2014.<ref>((cite news |last=Rahman |first=Mizan |date=8 September 2014 |title=Unesco honours Hasina for promotion of girls' education |url=http://www.gulf-times.com/bangladesh/245/details/407428/unesco-honours-hasina-for-promotion-of-girls%E2%80%99-education |newspaper=[[Gulf Times]] |access-date=23 September 2014 |archive-date=17 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140917101502/http://www.gulf-times.com/bangladesh/245/details/407428/unesco-honours-hasina-for-promotion-of-girls%e2%80%99-education |url-status=live))</ref>
* UN environment prize for leadership on climate change.<ref>((cite web |url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=51865 |title=Bangladeshi Prime Minister wins UN environment prize for leadership on climate change |date=14 September 2015 |publisher=[[UN News Centre]] |access-date=15 September 2015 |archive-date=15 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915191220/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=51865 |url-status=live))</ref>
* [[Doctor of the University]] (Honorary) by the [[Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University]] on 16 November 2015.<ref>((cite news |url=http://www.daily-sun.com/magazine/details/92305/1st-Convocation-of-SAU-Held |title=1st Convocation of SAU Held |work=Daily Sun |access-date=22 November 2015 |archive-date=23 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123222412/http://www.daily-sun.com/magazine/details/92305/1st-Convocation-of-SAU-Held |url-status=live))</ref>
* [[Doctor of Letters]] (Honorary) by the [[Kazi Nazrul University]], West Bengal, [[India]] on 26 May 2018.<ref>((cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/secularism-the-way-forward-for-bangladesh-says-sheikh-hasina/article23998757.ece |title=Secularism the way forward for Bangladesh, says Sheikh Hasina |date=26 May 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=27 August 2018 |archive-date=9 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109035032/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/secularism-the-way-forward-for-bangladesh-says-sheikh-hasina/article23998757.ece |url-status=live))</ref><ref>((Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/hasina-conferred-honorary-d-litt-by-kazi-nazrul-university/articleshow/64331464.cms |title=Hasina conferred honorary D.Litt by Kazi Nazrul University |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=31 March 2020 |archive-date=15 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915100029/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/hasina-conferred-honorary-d-litt-by-kazi-nazrul-university/articleshow/64331464.cms |url-status=live))</ref>
*Recipient of the Lifetime Achievement Award ([[Champions of the Earth]]) in 2015.<ref>((cite web |last1=Programme |first1=UN Environment |title=Search Results |url=https://www.unep.org/championsofearth/search/node?keys=Sheikh+Hasina |website=Champions of the Earth |language=en |access-date=22 July 2022 |archive-date=22 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722103954/https://www.unep.org/championsofearth/search/node?keys=Sheikh+Hasina |url-status=live))</ref>

==In popular culture==
* In 2018 Hasina appears in the title role in a docudrama ''[[Hasina: A Daughter's Tale]]'', directed by [[Rezaur Rahman Khan Piplu]].<ref name="SOON">((cite news |first1=Elita |last1=Karim |author1-link=Elita Karim |date=29 September 2018 |title='Hasina: A Daughter's Tale' to Premiere Soon |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/news/hasina-daughters-tale-premiere-soon-1640251 |work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] |access-date=3 October 2018 |archive-date=6 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106093026/https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/news/hasina-daughters-tale-premiere-soon-1640251 |url-status=live))</ref><ref name="awaits release">((cite news |title='Hasina: A Daughter's Tale' awaits release |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/feature/2018/09/28/hasina-a-daughter-s-tale-awaits-release |work=[[Dhaka Tribune]] |date=28 September 2018 |access-date=2 October 2018 |archive-date=3 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003104536/https://www.dhakatribune.com/feature/2018/09/28/hasina-a-daughter-s-tale-awaits-release |url-status=live))</ref>
* On 1 February 2021, Hasina was referred in [[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]]'s 64-minute documentary ''[[All the Prime Minister's Men]]''.
* On 28 September 2021, ''[[Khoka Theke Bangabandhu Jatir Pita]]'', an animated biopic of [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] was released where Sheikh Hasina was portrayed as his daughter.<ref>((cite web |title=অ্যানিমেশন: 'খোকা থেকে বঙ্গবন্ধু জাতির পিতা' |url=https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/national/2021/03/17/1014908 |website=[[Kaler Kantho]] |access-date=28 November 2023 |language=bn |date=17 March 2021))</ref> 
* On 1 October 2021, another animated film named ''[[Mujib Amar Pita]]'' about [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] was released where Sheikh Hasina was portrayed as daughter of Mujib. The film was based on Hasina's book ''Sheikh Mujib Amar Pita''.<ref>((Cite web |script-title=bn:‘মুজিব আমার পিতা’ মুক্তি পাচ্ছে ১ অক্টোবর |url=https://www.sunnews24x7.com/news/article/entertainment/46830 |access-date=2023-04-14 |website=www.sunnews24x7.com |language=bn))</ref>
* On 26 October 2023, ''[[Amader Choto Russel Shona]]'', an animated film about [[Sheikh Russel]] was released where Sheikh Hasina was portrayed as elder sister of Russel. She also wrote the screenplay of the movie.<ref name=":0">((cite web |title=Sheikh Hasina unveils 'Duronto Pranovonto Sheikh Russell' |url=https://www.newagebd.net/article/184010/sheikh-hasina-unveils-duronto-pranovonto-sheikh-russell |access-date=25 November 2023 |website=New Age BD))</ref>
* On 17 November 2023, Hasina appears giving interview about the [[Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] in ''[[The Assassin Next Door (documentary)|The Assassin Next Door]]'', an episode of Canadian documentary series ''[[The Fifth Estate (TV program)|The Fifth Estate]]''.<ref>((Cite news |date=21 November 2023 |title=The assassin next door |publisher=[[CBC News]] |url=https://www.cbc.ca/newsinteractives/features/the-assassin-next-door))</ref>

==References==
((reflist))

==Notes==
((notelist))

==Further reading==
* ((cite book |last1=Skard |first1=Torild |year=2014 |orig-year=2012 |title=Women of Power: Half a Century of Female Presidents and Prime Ministers Worldwide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jmw5BAAAQBAJ |translator=Torild Skard |publisher=Policy Press |location=Bristol, UK |isbn=978-1-44731-578-0 |oclc=891593770))

==External links==
* ((Banglapedia))
* ((IMDb name))
* ((cite web |url=https://pmo.gov.bd/site/biography/e58c7488-d4ce-4986-8cbd-6d0b5366d23c |title=গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ সরকারের মাননীয় প্রধানমন্ত্রীর জীবনবৃত্তান্ত |publisher=Prime Minister's Office))

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((Sheikh Hasina))
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