State police, provincial police or regional police are a type of sub-national territorial police force found in nations organized as federations, typically in North America, South Asia, and Oceania, mostly Australia, United States, India, Canada and United Kingdom, because each of their state police are mostly at country level. These forces typically have jurisdiction over the relevant sub-national jurisdiction, and may cooperate in law enforcement activities with municipal or national police where either exist.
Argentina
In Argentina, as a federal country, each province has its own independent police force and its responsible of its funding, training and equipment. State police agencies are responsible of all the territory of a determinate state. There is almost no municipal/local law enforcement in Argentina, and if there is, they are generally limited to traffic duties.
Each state in Brazil has two main state police corporations that work together:
Civil Police — The nonuniformed state judiciary and criminal investigation police, which is mainly based on agents and delegates.
Military Police — The uniformed and militarily hierarchical police officers work in a gendarmerie system and perform police functions of patrolling, approaching and capturing. They are a reserve branch of the Brazilian Armed Forces (mainly the Brazilian Army) and make up the majority of the police force in Brazil.[4] But they do not perform regular Military Police functions, as they are performed by Brazilian Army police officers on duty, such as the Army Police (Brazil), because the Military Polices of the Brazilian states are subordinate to the Brazilian Army.
PMRN - Military Police of Rio Grande do Norte State
PCRS - Civil Police of Rio Grande do Sul State
BMRS - Military Brigada of Rio Grande do Sul State (The only military police in Brazil that does not use the name "Polícia Militar" but rather "Brigada Militar")
Law enforcement in Canada operates at the federal, provincial, and local levels. Three provinces of Canada have a dedicated police force, with jurisdiction over some or all of the province:
Ontario Provincial Police (Ontario: provincial highways and waterways, provincial government buildings and officials, unincorporated areas)
The federal Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) provides provincial-level policing in the remaining land area of Newfoundland and Labrador, as well as the remaining seven provinces and three territories. The RCMP began being contracted to provide provincial policing in the late 1920s as provincial police forces were disbanded and their duties contracted out to provincial divisions of the RCMP. The most recent provincial police force to be disbanded, the British Columbia Provincial Police, existed from the mid-19th century until its jurisdiction was transferred to RCMP "E" Division on August 15, 1950.
Provinces which have disbanded their provincial police may retain other provincial law enforcement agencies, such as sheriff services or conservation officers. For example, the Alberta Sheriffs Branch is responsible for traffic enforcement in Alberta together with the RCMP, despite being a law enforcement agency and not a police force.
The Landespolizei (or LaPo) is a term used in the Federal Republic of Germany to denote the law enforcement services that perform law enforcement duties in the States of Germany. The German federal constitution leaves the majority of law enforcement responsibilities to the 16 states of the country.
The Constitution of India delineates the roles and responsibilities of both the central and state governments, with matters related to police, public order, and law and order falling under the purview of the state governments.
The police forces of Union Territories in India are either directly or indirectly under the purview of the central government. Unlike state police forces, the Delhi Police operates under the direct control of the Union Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India due to Delhi's status as both the national capital territory and a union territory. While they function under the respective Union Territory administrations for day-to-day operations and governance, their ultimate authority and oversight lie with the central government.
The Indian Police Service (IPS) is not a law enforcement agency in its own right; rather it is the body to which all senior police officers of all states belong regardless of the agency for whom they work. The state police is responsible for maintaining law and order in townships of the state and the rural areas.
In Indonesia, Regional Police (Indonesian: Kepolisian Daerah) (commonly abbreviated as Polda) is the main implementing unit for the territory of the Indonesian National Police which is under the National Police Chief. Polda has the task of carrying out the National Police's duties at the regional level I, namely the Provinces. Polda is a direct extension of the National Police Headquarters. The Regional Police (Polda) is led by a Regional Police Chief (Kapolda) with the rank of Inspector General of Police (Irjen Pol.). The Regional Police consists of the Resort Police (Polres), which is in charge of the Sector Police (Polsek), which is in charge of the Bhayangkara Supervisor of Community Security and Order (Bhabinkamtibmas). The Polda is also tasked with organizing the formation and development of education for the Non-Commissioned Officer level whose operations are carried out by the State Police Education School (SPN), while for the Policewomen Officer level it is also carried out by the Women's Police Training Center for Police (Sepolwan Lemdiklatpol).
Each of the 32 states of Mexico maintains a separate law enforcement agency or Policía Estatal. Each of these state forces is tasked with the protection of their citizens, keeping local order and combating insecurity and drug trafficking. Certain states including Veracruz and Nuevo León have a new model of police force designated as Civilian Forces (Fuerza Civil).
In general, these police agencies perform functions outside the jurisdiction of the county sheriff, such as enforcing traffic laws on state highways and interstate expressways, overseeing the security of the state capitol complex, protecting the governor, training new officers for local police forces too small to operate an academy, providing technological and scientific services, supporting local police and helping to coordinate multi-jurisdictional task force activity in serious or complicated cases in those states that grant full police powers statewide. A general trend has been to bring all of these agencies under a state Department of Public Safety. Additionally, they may serve under different state departments such as the highway patrol under the state Department of Transportation and the marine patrol under the state Department of Natural Resources.
Twenty-three U.S. states use the term "State Police", fifteen use the term "Highway Patrol", seven use the term "State Patrol", and three use the term "State Highway Patrol", while Alaska's agency is the "Division of Alaska State Troopers". The term "highway patrol" tends to be more common in the southeast and mountain west states. Hawaii is the only state with a Sheriff Division of the Hawaii Department of Law Enforcement with statewide jurisdiction.
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