First-level administrative divisions of Indonesia
Provinces are the first-level administrative divisions of Indonesia. It is formerly called the first-level provincial region (provinsi daerah tingkat I) before the Reform era. Provinces have a local government, consisting of a
governor (Gubernur) and a regional legislative body (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Provinsi). The governor and members of local representative bodies are elected by popular vote for five-year terms, but governors can only serve for two terms. Provincial governments have the authority to regulate and manage their own government affairs, subject to the limits of the central government.
Currently, Indonesia is divided into 38 provinces, nine of which have special autonomous status. The terminology for special status are "Istimewa" and "Khusus", which translates to 'special' or 'designated' in English. Provinces are further divided into regencies and cities (formerly called second-level region regencies and cities or kabupaten/kotamadya daerah tingkat II), which are in turn subdivided into districts (kecamatan).
Background
Article 18 paragraph 1 of The 1945 Constitution states that "The Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia is divided into provincial regions and those provincial regions are divided into regencies and city, whereby every one of those provinces, regencies, and municipalities has its regional government, which shall be regulated by laws."
According to the Law on Regional Government (UU 23/2014) the authority of the Provincial Government includes:
- Development planning and control;
- Planning, utilization, and community peace;
- Implementation of public order and public peace;
- Provision of public facilities and infrastructure;
- Handling the health sector;
- Education and allocation of potential human resources;
- Handling social problems across regencies/cities;
- Services in the field of manpower across regencies/cities;
- Facilitating the development of cooperatives, small and medium enterprises, including across districts/cities;
- Environmental control;
- Defense services, including across regencies/cities;
- Population and civil registration services;
- Government general administration services;
- Investment administration services, including across regencies/cities;
- The implementation of other basic services that cannot be carried out by regencies/cities; and
- Other mandatory affairs mandated by laws and regulations.
The authority of the provincial government are government affairs which are located across regencies/municipalities, government affairs whose users are across regencies/municipalities, government affairs whose benefits or negative impacts lie across regencies/municipalities, government affairs which use more resources. efficient if carried out by the province.
Each province has a local government, headed by a governor and a legislative body (DPRD). The governor and members of local representative bodies are elected by popular vote for five-year terms, but governors can only serve for two terms. The general election to elect members of the DPRDs is conducted simultaneously with the national general election. Previously, the general elections for Governor and Vice Governor were not held simultaneously. However, since 2015 regional head elections have been held simultaneously. Under the plan, simultaneous partial local elections will be held in February 2017, June 2018, December 2020, culminating in simultaneous elections for all local executive posts on November 2024 and then every five years.
Current provinces
Seven provinces in Indonesia, which are "special autonomous regions" that have special characteristics, are:
Two province that is a "special region" which has "privileged" characteristics:
Special Region of Jakarta, which has the special status as the financial centre and largest city of Indonesia, and the Governor has more authority, such as appointing and dismissing regional heads in each of the 5 administrative cities and 1 administrative district, and the entire city of Jakarta.
One province that is another "special region" that has both characteristics:
Aceh, which has the special and privileged status of implementation of Islamic sharia law in religious life, customary life, and education, as well as having regional parties.
Geographical units
The provinces are officially grouped into seven geographical units for statistical and national planning purposes, but without administrative function.[1]
| Geographical unit
|
Provinces
|
Population
(mid-2022)[2]
|
Largest city
|
Highest point
|
| Sumatra
|
Aceh, the Bangka Belitung Islands, Bengkulu, Jambi, Lampung, North Sumatra, Riau, the Riau Islands, South Sumatra, and West Sumatra
|
59,977,300
|
Medan
|
Mount Kerinci
3,805 m (12484 ft)
|
| Java
|
Banten, Central Java, East Java, the Special Region of Jakarta, the Special Region of Yogyakarta, and West Java
|
154,282,100
|
Jakarta
|
Mount Semeru
3,678 m (12067 ft)
|
| Kalimantan
|
Central Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, North Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, and West Kalimantan
|
17,052,200
|
Samarinda
|
Mount Bukit Raya
2,278 m (7,474 ft)
|
| Nusa Tenggara (Lesser Sunda Islands)
|
Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, and East Nusa Tenggara
|
15,355,100
|
Denpasar
|
Mount Rinjani
3,726 m (12,224 ft)
|
| Sulawesi
|
Central Sulawesi, Gorontalo, North Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi, and West Sulawesi
|
20,304,400
|
Makassar
|
Latimojong
3,478 m (11,411 ft)
|
| Maluku Islands
|
Maluku and North Maluku
|
3,201,000
|
Ambon
|
Mount Binaiya
3,027 m (9,931 ft)
|
| Papua (Western New Guinea)
|
Central Papua, Highland Papua, Papua, South Papua, Southwest Papua, and West Papua
|
5,601,900
|
Jayapura
|
Puncak Jaya
4,884 m (16,024 ft)
|
List of provinces
Click on a province name to go to its main article
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