Annotated List of Regents
[edit]This is a list of people who were designated, acted or served as "Regent" in the various monarchies or polities in Europe during the Medieval Age. (There is already an article Regent which I hope to expand upon after organizing my data in this User Subpage based on a 48-page list I have collected over the years.)
This list will be organized by "state" or polity which existed in the past and are now within the territorial boundaries of modern-day countries (i.e., France, Italy, Germany, Poland, etc.). Other territories outside of Europe will be added later.
- Styria
- 1164: Kunigunde of Chamb-Vohburg (d.1184), Regent for her son, Ottakar IV of Styria (1163-1192), who was only a year old when his father died.
- Frederick IV of Austria (1382-1439), Count of Tyrol, 1402-39. Regent, 1425-1435, for his nephews, sons of his brother Ernst I the Iron Duke, Friedrich V (1415-93), Albrecht VI (1418-63) and Ernst II (1420-32). [2]
- Tyrol
- Claudia de Medici of Tuscany (1604-48), Regent of Tyrol and Voralberg, 1632-1644, for her son Ferdinand Karl (1628-62)
- Athens
- 1287-1296: Helena Angelina Comnena, Regent of Athens for her son [Guy II de la Roche[]]
- Hugh of Brienne, Regent of Athens
- Croatia
- 969-976: Jelena (d.976), Regent of Croatia for her son Stjepan Drzislav
- c1000: Gojislav, Regent of Croatia
- 1375-1380: Elisabeth of Poland, Royal Lieutenant of Croatia & Dalmatia
- Epirus
- 1296-?: Anna of Epirus, Regent of Epirus for her son, Thomas of Epirus (d.1318)
- Kingdom of Greece
- Oct-Nov, 1920: Pavlos Theodorou Koundouriotis (1854-1935), Regent of Greece
- Nov-Dec, 1920: Olga of Russia (1851-1926), Regent of Greece
- Oct-Nov. 1935: Giorgios Kondylis (1879-1936), Regent of Greece
- 1944-1946: Damaskinos (1891-1949), Archbishop. Regent of Greece
- Feb-Mar, 1964: Constantine II of Greece (1940-?), Regent of Greece
- 1967-1972: Georgios Zoitakis (1910-96), Regent of Greece
- 1972-1973: Georgios Christou Papadopoulos (1919-99), Regent of Greece
- Lordship of Lesbos
- 1384-? Niccolo I Gattilusio, Lord of Ainos; Regent of Lesbos for his nephew, Francesco II Gattilusio [3]
- Montenegro
- Pero de Petrovitch-Niegosh, Regent of Montenegro, 1851
- Refererences & External Links
- Medieval Lands: Bosnia
- The Lesbian ancestors of Prince Rainier of Monaco, Dr. Otto von Habsburg, Brooke Shields and the Marquis de Sade. [4]
- Robert Stewart, 1st Duke of Albany, Regent of Scotland, 1406-1420, during his nephew James I of Scotland‘s captivity in England.
- Sigismund of Liechtenstein (145_-1507), Regent of Vaduz and Schellenberg, Feb-Oct, 1499.
- Ealstan, Bishop of Sherborne, Regent for Ethelwulf, King of Wessex, when he went to Rome.
- Ethelbald of Wessex, Regent, for his father Ethelwulf when he went to Rome.
- George Augustus Frederick of Hanover (1762), Prince of Wales. "Prinny", as he was called by his intimates, was an impulsive, pleasure loving, and given to extravagance and excess. At 18, he spent 10,000 pounds annually on clothes. At 22 he was 160,000 pounds in debt. At 33 he was 630,000 pounds in debt and married Caroline of Brunswick, against his inclination, in order to gain an increase in his income. The Prince of Wales was furious when Parliament increased his income to 125,000 pounds on his marriage, but set aside 65,000 pounds plus the 13,000 pound income from the Duchy of Cornwall as payments on his debts leaving him with an annual income of 60,000 pounds when his annual income as a bachelor had been 78,000 pounds. The Duke of Wellington referred to George the III's sons as "The damnedest millstones about the neck of any Government that can be imagined." Source: http://www.georgianindex.net/Prinny/prinnys_set.html
- Swithin the Saint, Bishop of Winchester, Regent for Ethelwulf, King of Wessex, when he went to Rome.
- England
- 1019?: Thorkell the Tall, Regent of England for Canute the Great [5]
- 1075: Richard fitz Gilbert, Regent of England (jointly with William de Warenne), during William the Conqueror‘s absence.
- 1189-1194: Eleanor of Aquitaine, Regent of England during her son, Richard I of England's crusading years and captivity.
- 1216-1219: William Marshall, 4th Earl of Pembroke, Protector of the Realm and Regent of England
- 1264-1265: Simon VI of Montfort (1208/09-65), Earl of Leicester. Regent of England
- 1272-1274: Eleanor of Provence, Regent of England between the death of her husband, Henry III of England and the return of her son Edward I of England from the Crusades [6]
- 1298: Henry Percy (1273-1315), 1st Lord of Alnwick. Regent of England
- 1308: Piers Gaveston, 1st Earl of Cornwall, Regent for Edward II who was in France to marry Isabella of France
- 1311: Henry de Lacy, 3rd Earl of Lincoln, Regent when Edward II was waging his war with the Scots.
- 1327-1330: Isabella of France (1292-1358), Regent of England
- 1327-1330: Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March, Regent of England
- Jul-Sep, 1544,Catherine Parr. Regent of England when her husband, Henry VIII of England went to war in France [7]
- 1567-1570: James Stuart, 1st Earl of Moray, Regent of England for his nephew, James I of England
- 1570-1571: Matthew Stuart, 4th Earl of Lennox, Regent for his grandson, James I of England
- 1571-1572: John Erskine, 1st Earl of Mar, Regent for James I of England
- 1572-1581: James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton, Regent of England for James I of England
- Kingdom of Man
- 1096-1098: Ingemund, Regent of Man (jointly with Domnall Mac Teige).
- 1096-1098: Domnall Mac Teige, Regent of Man (jointly with Ingemund).
- Scotland
- 1332: Domhnall II of Mar (1302-32), Mormaer of Mar, Regent of Scotland during the minority of David II of Scotland. He became regent after the death of the previous Regent, Thomas Randolph, Earl of Moray.
- Thomas Randolph (d.1346), 2nd Earl of Moray. Regent of Scotland
- 1333-1341, 1346-1357: Robert II of Scotland, Co-Regent of Scotland
- 1399-1402: David of Scotland (1378-1402), 1st Duke of Rothesay. Co-Regent of Scotland
- 1406-1424: Robert of Scotland (1339-1420), 1st Duke of Albany; Regent of Scotland for his nephew, James I of Scotland [8]
- 1437-1439: Archibald Douglas (d.1439), 5th Earl of Douglas. Regent of Scotland for James II of Scotland
- 1463-1466: James Kennedy, Bishop of St. Andrews. Co-Regent of Scotland for James III of Scotland
- 1463-1466: Gilbert, Lord Kennedy, Co-Regent of Scotland for James III of Scotland
- John Stewart (1481-1536), 2nd Duke of Albany. Regent of Scotland for a short time during the minority of King James V of Scotland
- James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran. Regent of Scotland during the minority of Mary I of Scotland
- 1460-1463: Marie of Guelders, Regent of Scotland for her son James III of Scotland
- 1466-1469: Robert, Lord Boyd. Regent of Scotland for James III of Scotland
- 1542-1560: Mary of Guise (1515-60), Regent of Scotland for Mary I of Scotland [9]
- Strathclyde
- Maldred of Dunbar (d.1045), Lord of Allerdale, Regent of the Kingdom of Stratchclyde
- 408-414: Anthemius, Regent of Byzantium Theodosius II
- 573-574: Sophia, Regent of Byzantium for Justin II
- 574-578: Tiberius, Regent of Byzantium for Justin II
- 641: Martina, Regent of Byzantium for Heraklonas.
- 780-790, 792-797: Irene (empress) (752-803), Regent for her son Constantine VI [10]
- 842-856: Theodora the Saint, Empress-Regent of Byzantium for her son Michael III who was only 6 years old when he began his reign.
- 856-866: Bardas, Regent of Byzantium (Another source: 862-866)
- 913-919: Zoe Karbonopsina, Regent of Byzantium
- 913-914: Nicholas Mysticus (d.925), Patriarch. Regent of Byzantium [11]
- 963: Theophano, Regent of Byzantium for her sons, Basil II and Constantine VII. [12]
- 1067-1068: Eudokia Makrembolitissa, Regent of Byzantium for Michael VII.
- 1180-1182: Maria of Antioch (Marie of Poitiers) (1145-1182), Regent of Byzantium her son Alexios II Komnenos.
- 1341-1347: Anna of Savoy (Giovanna of Savoy) (1306-1360), Regent of Byzantium her son John V Palaiologos
- 1425: Helena Dragaš of Serbia (Helena Dragases), Regent of Byzantium for her son John VIII Palaiologos. [13]
References & External Links
- Hungary
- Jelana of Serbia (1109-46), Regent of Hungary
- 1272-1277: Elisabeth of the Kumans (1240-90), Regent of Hungary for Laszlo IV of Hungary
- 1342-1375: Elisabeth of Poland (1305-80), Regent of Hungary
- 1382: Elisabeth of Bosnia (1339-87), Regent of Hungary for her daughter Mary of Hungary
- 1382-1385: Miklos I Garai(d.1386), Regent of Hungary for Mary of Hungary
- Oct-Dec, 1385: Miklos Szechy Felsolendvai (133_-87), Regent of Hungary for Mary of Hungary
- 1439-1440: Elisabeth of Bohemia (1409-42), Regent of Hungary for her son Laszlo V Posthumous, King of Bohemia and Hungary.
- Frederick of Austria (1415-93), Regent of Hungary, May-Jul, 1440, 1445-54, for Laszlo V of Hungary
- Janos Hunyadi (1387-1456), Governor of Hungary, with the powers of a Regent, 1446-1450 (resigned), for Laszlo V Posthumous
- Frater Gyorgy (Juraj Utiesenovic-Martinuzzi) (1482-1551), Regent of Hungary, 1540-1541
- Izabella Szapolyai (1519-59), Regent of Hungary, 1540-1541, 1556-1559, for Janos II Zsigmond Szapolyai.
- 1849: Lajos Kossuth
- Mazovia
- 1194-1200: Helena Znojemska (d.1206), Regent of Mazovia
- 1262-1264: Perejeslawa Halicka, widow of Simowit I, Regent of Masovia-Plock
- 1503-1518: Anna Radziwill, Regent of Masovia for her sons, Stanislaw I and Janusz III
- Plock
- Pawel Gizycki, Bishop of Plock, Regent of Plock, c1262; Regent of the Duchy of Warsaw, c1262 (together with Barbara Ruska).
- Poland
- ?-?: Mihaily of Hungary (d.976/978), Magyar Prince of Hungary, Kuman of Samogy, Regent of Poland
- c1262: Barbara Ruska, widow of Boleslaw IV, Regent of the Duchy of Warsaw, c1262 (together with Pawel Gizycki, Bishop of Plock)
- 1370-1375: Elisabeth of Poland, Regent of Poland when her son, Louis I of Hungary, was absent.
- 1481-1483: Casimir the Saint of cPoland (1458-84), Regent of Poland
- 1429-1436: Anna of Kiev, Regent of the Duchy of Warsaw for her son Boleslaw IV of Poland
- 1434: Zbigniew Olesnicki, Bishop of Krakow, Regent of Poland for Wladyslaw III Warnenczyk (1424-44), who was 10 years old when he succeeded his father Jagiello.
- [Ziebice]
- Agnes of Lichtenburg, Regent of the Duchy of Ziebice, 1258-60, for her son Henryk II of Ziebice.
- The rule on regency: "The kings of Cyprus, being men of action frequently at war, often died young and left their kingdom to a young child. Hence there were constant minorities and the necessity for choosing a regent. The rule laid down in the Assizes was that the mother of the heir should be his guardian, and in case of her death the nearest next of kin to the king. If no such person could be found, a regent was chosen by the High Court of the kingdom." [14]
- 1205-1211: Burgundia of Cyprus (1178-1210) and Gauthier de Montbeliard (1170-1212), Regents of Cyprus for her and his brother-in-law Hugh I of Cyprus [15] [16] [17]
- 1218-1228: Alice of Champagne (1193-1246), Regent for her son, Henry I of Cyprus, who was 8 months old when he became king. [18]
- 1218-1227: Philip of Ibelin (1180-1227), Regent of Cyprus Henry I of Cyprus
- 1227: John of Ibelin, Regent, for Henry I of Cyprus
- 1253-1254: Plaisance of Antioch (1236-61), Regent of Cyprus for her son Hugh of Cyprus
- 1261-1267: Hugh III of Cyprus, Regent of Cyprus for his first cousin Hugh II of Cyprus
- 1306-1310: Amalric of Cyprus (1272-1310), Prince of Tyre; Regent of Cyprus
- Kingdom of the Franks
- 575-600: Brunhilda of Austrasia, Regent, 575-580s, for Childebert II; Regent, 599-600, for Theudebert II; Regent, 599-600, for Theuderic II
- 584-590s: Fredegund, Regent Chlothar II
- 639-642: Nantilde=Nantechilde (610-642), Regent of the Franks for Clovis II.
- 657-664: Balthild, Regent for her son Chlothar III who was a minor when he succeeded his father Clovis II.
- 737-741: Charles Martel (689-741), Regent during the interregnum.
- 741-751: Pepin the Short (714-768), Regent of the Franks
- France
- 954-966: Gerberga of Saxony (913-969), Regent of France
- 954-956: Hugh the Great, Regent of France
- 956-965: Bruno I, Archbishop of Cologne, Regent of France
- 1060-1066: Anna of Kiev, Regent of France for her son, Philip I of France [19] [20]
- 1060-1066: Baldwin V of Flanders, Regent of France for Philip I of France
- 1190-1192: Adele of Champagne (1140-1206), Regent of France for her son, Philip II of France
- 1190-1191: William of Champagne, Archbishop of Reims, Regent of France for Philip II of France
- Blanche of Castile, Regent of France, 1226-1236, 1248-1254, for her son, Louis IX of France [21]
- 1147-1149: Suger, Abbot of Saint Denis (1081-1151), Regent of France for Louis VII of France who was absent on crusade.
- 1248-1249; Alphonse of Toulouse, Regent of France
- 1270-1271: Matthew of Vendome, Abbot of Saint Denis, Regent of France
- 1270-1271: Simon of Clermont, Lord of Nesle, Regent of France
- 1316: Philip V of France, Regent of France for the posthumous John I of France
- 1338: Joan the Lame, Regent of France for her husband, Philip VI of France, during his absence.
- 1380-1382: Louis I, Duke of Anjou, Regent of France Charles VI of France
- 1380-1388: Philip I, Duke of Burgundy (1342-1404), Regent of France, 1380-1388, 1393-1407, for Charles VI of France
- 1380-1388: Louis, Duke of Anjou, Regent of France for Charles VI of France
- 1393-1407: John, Duke of Berry, Regent of France for Charles VI of France
- 1393-1407: Louis, Duke of Orleans (1371-1407), Regent of France for Charles VI of France
- 1404-1407: John, Duke of Burgundy, Regent of France for Charles VI of France
- 1417: Charles of France (1403-61), Dauphin, Regent of France for Charles VI of France
- ?-?: Guillaume of Grandson (d.1428), Lord of Pesmes. Regent of France
- 1417-1420: Isabeau of Bavaria, Regent of France for her son, Charles VI of France
- 1420-1422: Henry V of England, Regent of France
- 1422-1453: Henry VI of England, Regent of France
- 1422-1435: John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, Regent of France
- 1483-1491: Peter II, Duke of Bourbon (1438-1503), Regent of France for Charles VIII of France
- 1483-1491: Anne of France (1461-1522), Regent of France for her brother Charles VIII of Ffrance
- 1483-1491: Peter II, Duke of Bourbon, Regent of France for her brother-in-law Charles VIII of Ffrance
- 1560-1563: Catherine de Medici, Regent of France, 1560-1563, for her son, Charles IX of France; 1574, for her son Henry III of France
- 1589-1594: Charles of Lorraine (1554-1611), Lieutenant-General of France
- 1610-1614: Marie de Medici, Regent of France for her son, Louis XIII of France
- 1643-1651: Anne of Austria, Regent of France for her son, Louis XIV of France
- 1715-1723: Philippe II of Orleans (1674-1723), Regent of France for Louis XV of France, who was five years old when he became king
- 1812-1813: Marie Louise of Austria, Regent of France for her husband, Napoleon I of France
- Aumale
- 1053-1063: Adelaide I (Aelis) of Normandy, Regent of Aumale for her daughter with Enguerrand I of Aumale, Adelaide II of Aumale
- 1127-?: Agnes of Aumale (d. before 1194), Regent of Aumale for William I of Aumale
- Bearn
- Talese of Aybar, Regent of Bearn, Married Gaston IV (d.1131), Viscount of Bearn, 1090-1131 who acquired Montaneres through her. Regent for their young son Centulle VI.
- Bourbon
- Marie of Berry, Regent of Bourbon, during the imprisonment in England of her husband John I (1410-56), Duke of Bourbon, 1434-1456.
- Burgundy
- (County Palatine of Burgundy or Franche-Comte)
- 1095-1101: Stephen of Burgundy, Regent of Burgundy for his older brother, Renaud II of Burgundy, who joined the First Crusade but died and was buried on the way to Jerusalem. [24]
- 1148/49-?: William of Burgundy (d.1155), Regent of Burgundy for his niece Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy whom he tried to deprive of her inheritance. [25]
- 1350-1360: Joanna I of Auvergne, Regent of Burgundy for her son, Philip I, Duke of Burgundy, who was only 3 years old when he succeeded his grandfather Eudes IV, Duke of Burgundy
- Burgundy (Duchy)
- 1100-1103 Hugh II, Duke of Burgundy, Regent for his father, Eudes I, Duke of Burgundy, who left for the First Crusade in Palestine where he died.
- 1162-1165: Marie of Blois, Regent for her son, Hugh III, Duke of Burgundy
- Marie of Champagne (Marie of Blois) (1128-90), Abbess of Fontevrault. Regent of Burgundy
- 1306-1311: Agnes of France (1260-1325), Regent of Burgundy for her son, Hugh V, Duke of Burugndy [26]
- Alix of Vergy (1182-1251), Regent of Burgundy, 1218-1229
- 1350-1360: Joanna I of Auvergne, Regent of Burgundy for her son, Philip I, Duke of Burgundy, who was only 3 years old when he succeeded his grandfather Eudes IV, Duke of Burgundy
- Charles I, Duke of Burgundy, Regent of Burgundy, 1465-1467 [27]
- Champagne
- 1093-?: Stephen II, Count of Blois, Regent of Champagne for Hugues of Champagne
- 1179-1181: [Marie of France, Countess of Champagne]], Regent of Champagne, when her husband, Henry I, Count of Champagne, joined the Crusades
- 1181-1187:: Marie of France, Countess of Champagne, Regent of Champagne for her son, Henry II of Champagne, who was a minor
- 1190-1197: Marie of France, Countess of Champagne, Regent of Champagne when Henry II left for the Crusades
- 1201-1222: Blanca of Navarre (daughter of Sancho VI), Regent of Champagne for her son Theobald I of Navarre
- 1253-1256: Margaret of Bourbon, Regent of Champagne for her son Theobald II of Navarre
- 1274-1284: Blanche of Artois (1248-1300), Regent of Champagne for her daughter Joan I of Navarre
- Forez [28]
- 1203-1215: Renaud of Forez, Regent of Forez [29]
- 1272-1278: Jeanne of Montfort (c1225-1270), Regent of Forez for her son Jean I of Forez [30]
- 1362-1372: Renaud II of Forez (d.1369), Regent of Forez for his nephew Jean II of Forez
- Lorraine
- 915-919; Alberada (d.919), Regent of Lorraine for her sons, Giselbert and Reginar II
- 1142-1153: Lutgardis of Sulzbach, Regent of Lorraine, 1142-1153
- 1251-1255: Catherine of Limburg (1215-55), Regent of Lorraine for her son Frederick III, Duke of Lorraine who was only 11 years old when he succeeded.
- 1329-1331: Elisabeth of Austria (1285-1352), Regent of Lorraine for their son Rudolph, Duke of Lorraine who was only 9 years old when he succeeded.
- 1331-1335: Edward I of Bar (1295-1336), Regent of Lorraine
- 1445-1452: Christine of Denmark (1521-90), Regent of Lorraine for her son, Charles III, Duke of Lorraine, who was only 2 years old when he succeeded
- Ponthieu
- 1054-1056: Guy of Ponthieu, Bishop of Amiens, 1058-75; Regent of Ponthieu for his nephew, Guy I, who was captured and imprisoned by Henri I of France.
- Savoy
- 1148-?: Amadeus, Bishop of Lausanne, Regent of Savoy for Humbert III of Savoy who was only 12 years old when his father, Amadeus III, died in Nicosia, Cyprus in 1148.
- 1333-1367, 1383, 1391-1395: Bonne of Bourbon, Regent of Savoy
- 1466-1469, 1471-1478: Yolande of Valois, Regent of Savoy for her husband Amadeus IX, Duke of Savoy and then for their son Philibert I, Duke of Savoy, who was a minor when his father died.
- 1490-1496: Bianca of Montferrat (1470-1519), Regent Savoy for her son Charles II, Duke of Savoy, 1490-96.
- 1637-1648: Christine Marie of France, Regent of Savoy for her sons Francis Hyacinth, Duke of Savoy and Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy
- 1675-1685: Marie Jeanne of Savoy-Nemours, Regent of Savoy for her son Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia
- Vendome
- 1023-1027: Fulk III of Anjou (972-1040), Regent of Vendome for his grandson Bouchard II.
- 1066-1075: Guy of Nouastre, Regent of Vendome for Bouchard III, Count of Vendome, 1066-1085
- 1102-1105: Euphrosine of Vendome, Regent of Vendome for her son Geoffrey III of Vendome, 1102-37
- 1202-1211: Geoffrey of Vendome, Regent of Vendome for Jean II, Count of Vendome, 1202-1211
- 1371-1372: Jeanne of Ponthieu, Regent of Vendome for her granddaughter, Catherine of Vendome (d.1412)
- 1477-1484: Louis of Joyeuse, Regent of Vendome for Francis of Bourbon, Count of Vendome, 1477-1495
- Viennois
- 1142-1153: Marguerite of Burgundy (d.1164), Regent of Viennois for her son Guigues V
- 1162-1164: Marguerite of Burgundy (d.1164), for her granddaughter, Beatrix of Albon (1161-1228), daughter of Guigues V, who was only one year old when her father died
- 1237-?: Beatrice of Montferrat, Regent of Viennois for her son Guigues VII of Viennois (1225-1269)
- 1269-1273: Beatrice of Savoy, Regent for her son, John I of Viennois (1263-1282), who was only 6 years old when he succeeded his father. Her regency ended when she married, as her 2nd husband, Gaston VII, Viscount of Bearn. [32]
- 1273-?: Robert II, Duke of Burgundy, Regent of Viennois for John I of Viennois [33]
- 1319: Henri of Viennois, Bishop of Passau and Metz; Regent of Viennois, 1319 for his nephew, Guigues VIII of Viennois, who was only 10 years old when his father died. [34]
- Aldenburg and Knyphausen
- Charlotte Amelie de la Tremoille (1652-1732), Regent of Aldenburg and Knyphausen, 1680-1702, for her son, Anton II, who was only 3 months old when her husband, Anton of Aldenburg (1633-81) died
- Baroness Charlotte Sophie (1715-1800), Regent of Aldenburg and Knyphausen, 1738-1754, for Anton II
- William, Count of Bentinck and Aldenburg, Regent of Aldenburg and Knyphausen, 1738-1754, for Anton II
- Anhalt
- Mechtild of Brunswick-Lunenburg (1230-98), Regent, 1266-1270, for her sons Otto I and Henry III of Anhalt-Aschersleben
- Margaret of Munsterberg (1473-1530), Regent of Anhalt-Dessau, 1516-1522, for her son John II of Anhalt-Dessau (1504-1551)
- Anna Eleonore of Stolberg-Wernigerode (1651-91), Regent, 1670-1691, for her posthumous son, Emmanuel Albrecht of Anhalt-Kothen (1671-1704)
- Sophie Auguste of Holstein-Gottorp (1630-80), Regent of Anhalt-Zerbst, 1667-1674, for her son, Charles William of Anhalt-Zerbst.
- Augustus of Anhalt-Kothen-Plotzkau (1575-1653), Regent for his nephew, John of Anhalt-Zerbst
- Henriette Katharina of Orange-Nassau (1676-1747), Regent, 1693-1708, for her son Leopold I of Anhalt-Dessau
- Gisela Agnes of Rath (1670-1740), Regent, 1704-1715, for her son Leopold (1694-1728), Prince of Anhalt-Kothen, 1704-28.
- Johanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp (1712-60), Regent of Anhalt-Zerbst, 1747-1752, for her son Friedrich August of Anhalt-Zerbst
- Leopold Frederick of Anhalt-Dessau, Regent of Anhalt-Bernburg, 1855-1863, for Alexander IV
- Prince Aribert (1864-1933), Regent of Anhalt, Sep-Nov, 1918
- Ansbach
- Christiane Charlotte of Wurttemberg (1694-1729), Princess-Regent of Ansbach, 1723-1729, for Karl Wilhelm Friedrich
- Charles Augustus of Hardenberg (1750-1822), Regent of Ansbach, 1791-1792
- Baden
- Jakoba of Bavaria, Regent of Baden-Baden 1570, for her great-grandson Philip II, Margrave of Baden-Baden, 1569-99
- 1702-1727: Sibylla Augusta of Saxe-Lauenburg (1675-1733), Regent of Baden-Baden
- 1707-1727: [[Franziska Sibylla Augusta of Saxe-LAUENBURG (1675-1733), Regent of Baden-Baden for Ludwig Georg Simpert
- 1707-1716: John William of the Palatinate (1658-1716), Regent of Baden-Baden for Ludwig Georg Simpert
- 1716-1727: Leopold of Lorraine (167_-1729), Regent of Baden-Baden for Ludwig Georg Simpert
- 1738-1742: Magdalene Wilhelmine of Wurttemberg (1677-1742), Regent of Baden-Hochberg-Durlach for her grandson, Charles IV Frederick of Baden-Hochbeg zu Durlach.
- 1738-1746: Charles Augustus of Baden-Durlach (1712-86), Regent of Baden-Durlach
- 1742-1746: Charles William Eugene of Baden-Durlach (1728-1811), Regent of Baden-Durlach
- 1852-1856: Friedrich I of Baden (1826-1907), Regent of Baden for Ludwig II
- Bavaria
- 1886-1912: Luitpold of Bavaria (1821-1912), Regent of Bavaria for his nephew Ludwig II who was declared mentally incompetent and who died mysteriously, and for Ludwig II‘s brother, King Otto, who was also insane
- 1912-1913: Ludwig III of Bavaria, Regent of Bavaria for his insane cousin, King Otto. He then became King of Bavaria, 1913-1921
- Bayreuth
- 1527-?: George of Ansbach, Regent of Bayreuth for his nephew Albrecht Alcibiades, Margrave of Bayreuth.
- Bentheim
- 1454-1467: Gerhard of Keppel, Regent of Bentheim-Benthein for Bernhard II who was only 12 years old when he succeeded his father.
- 1466-1473: Bernhard II of Bentheim-Bentheim (1442-73), Regent of Bentheim-Steinfurt for Eberwin II of Bentheim-Steinfurt
- 1553-1563: Walburga of Brededore, Regent for her son Arnold III of Bentheim-Steinfurt
- 1562-1573: Anna of Tecklenburg-Schwerin (1532-1582), Regent of Bentheim
- Brunswick [37]
- Conrad, Bishop of Verden, Regent for Albert II of Brunswick-Gottingen (1268-1318)
- 1540-1545: Elisabeth of Brandenburg (1510-58), Regent Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel-Kalenberg (jointly with Philipp of Hesse), for her son Eric II
- Philip of Hesse, Regent of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel-Kalenberg for Eric II
- 1805-1806: Charles William Ferdinand of Brunswick (1735-1806), Regent of Brunswick
- 1885-1906: Albert of Prussia (1837-1906), Regent of Brunswick, 1885-1906
- 1907-1913: Johann Albrecht of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1857-1920), Regent of Brunswick
- Heinrich of Brunswick-Luneburg, Regent of Brunswick-Gottingen, for Albert II of Duke of Brunswick-Gottingen
- Courland
- Ferdinand of Courland (1655-1737), Regent of Clourland and Semgallen, 1698-1709, for Frederick William
- Elisabeth Sophie of Brandenburg (1674-1748), Regent of Courland, 1701-09, for Frederick William
- Anna Ioannovna of Russia (1693-1740), Regent of Courland, 1711-1730, for Ferdinand
- Moritz of Saxony (1696-1750), Regent of Coutland, 1726-1727
- Christoph Friedrich von der Osten gen. Sacken-Appricken (1697-1759), Regent of Courland, May-Jul, 1737, 1740-1758
- Heinrich Christian von Hoffenberg (1696-1781), Regent of Kurland, Jan-Feb, 1763
- Carl Ferdinand von Orgies, gen. Rutenberg (1741-1801), Regent of Kurland, Mar-Apr, 1795
- Hesse-Kassel [38]
- 1637-1650: Amalie Elisabeth of Hanau, Regent of Hesse-Kassel
- 1663-1677: Hedwig Sophie of Brandenburg, Regent of Hesse-Kassel for Charles
- 1831-1847: Frederick William I of Hesse-Kassel (1802-75), Regent of Hesse-Kassel for William II before he succeeded him.
- Isenburg
- 1754-1759: Friedrich Ernst of Isenburg-Birstein, Regent of Isenburg-Birstein
- Knyphausen and Aldenburg
- 1738-1754: William (1704-44), Count of Bentinck and Aldenburg, Regent of Knyphausen and Aldenburg (jointly with Baroness Charlotte Sophie) for Anton II.
- 1768-1783: Marie Katharina von Tuyll (1743-98), Regent of Knyphausen and Aldenburg for William II Gustav Frederick
- Leiningen
- 1726-1738: Margareta Christiana Augusta, Grafin von Gyldenlov-Danneskiold (1694-1761), Regent of Neu-Leiningen for George Charles I Augustus Louis
- 1751-1758: Charlotte Wilhelmine of Pappenheim (1708-1792), Regent for her son, Christian John (1730-70), Count of Leiningen-Westerburg and Alt-Leiningen, 1751-70
- Limburg (County)
- 1618-1654: Johanetta Elizabeth of Nassau-Siegen (1593-1654), Regent after husband's death.
- Lippe
- 1734-1737: Johanette Wilhelmine of Nassau-Idstein, Regent of Lippe [39]
- 1782-1789: Ludwig Adolf of Lippe (1732-1800), Regent of Lippe for Simon Augustus
- 1802-1820: Pauline of Anhalt-Bernburg (1769-1820), Regent of Lippe for Leopold II
- 1895-1897: Adolf of Schaumburg-Lippe (1859-1916), Regent of Lippe for Alexander
- 1897-1904: Ernest of Lippe-Biesterfeld (1842-1904), Regent of Lippe for Alexander
- 1904-1905: Leopold of Lippe-Biesterfeld (1871-1949), Regent of Lippe for Alexander
- Mecklenburg-Schwerin
- 1897-1901: Johann Albrecht of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1857-1920), Regent of Mecklenburg-Schwerin for Friedrich Franz IV
- Meissen
- 1068-1074: Dedo II (1010-75), Margrave of the Ostmark (Lower Lusatia), 1046-75. Regent in Meissen
- 1221-1227: Louis IV of Thuringia (d.1227), Regent of Meissen for his nephew, Henry III of Thuringia
- Oldenburg
- Peter Friedrich Ludwig of Oldenburg (1755-1829), Regent of Oldenburg, 1785-1806, 1807-10, 1813-1823, for Wilhelm who was insane. [40] He became Duke of Oldenburg, as Peter I, 1823-29.
- 1829: Augustus of Oldenburg (1783-1853), Regent of Oldenburg for Peter I
- Osnabruck
- George of Brunswick-Luneburg, Regent of the Prince-Bishopric of Osnabruck, 1761-64.
- Pomerania
- 1220-1233: Miroslawa of Pomerelia (d.1233), Regent of Pomerania for her son Barnim I of Pomerania-Wolgast (1219-64)
- Ingard (d. after 1236), possibly a princess of Denmark; wife of Casimir II (1180-1220), Duke of Pomerania-Demmin; Regent, 1219-21, for their son, Wartislaw III (1210-64)
- Ravensberg
- Rupert, Regent of Ravensberg, 1389-1395 [41]
- Adolf, Regent of Ravensberg, 1395-1402
- William, Regent of Ravensberg, 1402-1428
- Reuss
- 1697-1717: Henriette Amalie, Baroness of Friesen (1668-1732), Regent of Reuss-Obergreiz for Heinrich II
- 1859-1867: Caroline (1819-72), Regent of Reuss-Greiz for Henrey XII
- 1908-1918: Heny XXVII of Reuss (1858-1928), Regent of Reuss-Greiz
- 1722-1723: Sophie Charlotte, Countess of Bothmer (1697-1748), Regent of Reuss-Obergreiz for Henry IX
- 1723-1743: Sophie Charlotte, Countess of Bothmer (1697-1748), Regent of Reuss-Obergreiz for Henry XI
- Rietberg
- 1565-1576: Agnes of Bentheim-Steinfurt (1531-89), Regent of Rietberg for her daughter Walpurgis (1556-86)
- Salm
- 1693: Anna Katharina of Nassau (1653-1731), Regent of Salm-Dhaun for Karl
- Jul-Oct, 1727: Anna Franziska of Thurn und Taxis (1683-1776), Regent of Salm-Reifferscheid zu Dyck for Franz Ernst
- 1750: Caroline Friederika of Salm (1733-1783), Countess-Regent of Salm-Dhaun for Charles Leopold Louis & for Frederick William
- 1733-1738: Louise of Nassau (1686-1773), Regent of Salm-Dhaun for John Philip II
- 1775-1776: Augusta of Waldburg-Zeil-Wurzach (1743-1776), Regent of Salm-Reifferscheid zu Dyck for Joseph Franz Maria
- 1778-1783: Wilhelm Florentine Johann Felix (1745-1810), Bishop of Doornik; Regent of Salm-Salm (jointly with Marie Louise Eleonore of Hesse), for Konstantine Alexander Joseph
- 1799-1801: Friederike of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein (1767-1849), Regent of Salm-Grumbach for Wilhelm Friedrich Karl August
- Ernestine Barbara Dorothea Sibylle of Lowenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort (1654-98), Regent of Salm-Reifferscheid, for Franz Wilhelm I.
- 1755-1756: Maria Franziska, Countess Ezterhazy (1702-78), Regent of Salm-Reifferscheid in Bedbur for Sigismund
- 1773-1778: Marie Louise Eleonore of Hesse (1745-1810), Regent of Salm-Salm for Louis Otto Charles
- 1778-1783: Marie Louise Eleonore of Hesse (1745-1810), Regent of Salm-Salm for Constantine Alexander Joseph
- Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
- 1900-1905: Erndst of Hohenlohe-Langenberg (1863-1950), Regent of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
- Saxony
- George of Saxony (1471-1539), Duke of Saxony, 1500-39. As early as 1488, when his father, Albrecht the Brave, was in Friesland fighting on behalf of the emperor, George was regent of the ducal possessions, which included the Margraviate of Meissen with the cities of Dresden and Leipzig. When regent, during the lifetime of his father, the difficulties arising from conflicting interests and the large demands on his powers had often brought the young prince to the verge of despair.
Source: http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06457a.htm
- Sayn
- 1694-1708: Hedwig Sophie of Lippe-Brake (1669-1738), Regent of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg for Casimir
- Schaumburg-Lippe
- 1787-1799: Juliane Wilhelmine Louise of Hesse-Philippsthal, Regent of Schaumburg-Lippe (Joint) for her son, Georg I Wilhelm [46]
- 1787-1807: Johann Ludwig of Wallmoden-Gimborn, Regent of Schaumburg-Lippe (Joint) for Georg I Wilhelm [47]
- Schleswig-Holstein
- 1702-1718: Christian Augustus of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp (1673-1726), Duke-Regent of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp for Charles Frederick
- 1739-1745: Adolf Frederick, Bishop of Lubeck (1701-1771), Regent of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp
- 1745-1751: Frederick Augustus of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp (1711-85), Regent of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp for Karl Peter Ulrich.
- 1751-1763: Georg Ludwig (1719-63), Duke-Regent of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp for Paul, later Paul I of Russia.
- 1855-1863: Friederike of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (1811-1902), Regent (co-regent with Leopold Friedrich of Anhalt-Dessau), for her husband, Alexander IV (1815-68), who was mentally deficient.
- Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
- 1807-1814: Louis Caroline of Hesse-Homburg, Regent for her son, Frederick Gunther I, who was a minor when he succeeded. [48]
- Steinfurt
- 1566-1572: Anna of Tecklenburg-Schwerin (1532-82), Regent of of Steinfurt
- 1713-1728: Isabella Justina of Hoorn, Regent for Frederick Belgicus Charles of Bentheim-Steinfurt who was 10 years old when his father died.
- Swabia
- 1015-1030: Gisela of Swabia, Regent for her son, Ernest II, Duke of Swabia, who was a minor and continued as regent after her son was imprisoned by Gisela‘s second husband, Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor.
- Poppo, Archbishop of Trier, Regent of Swabia, ?, for Ernest II.
- Tecklenburg
- 1202-1206: Oda of Altena, Regent of Tecklenburg for her son Otto (d.1263).
- Thuringia
- 1227-1230: Albert II of Brandenburg, Regent of Thuringia Henry III of Thuringia, 1221-1288
- Waldeck-Pyrmont
- 1763-1766: Christiane Henriette of Birkenfeld (1725-1816), Regent of Waldeck-Pyrmont for Friedrich I
- 1845-1852: Emma of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym (1802-58), Regent of Waldeck and Pyrmont
- Wurttemberg
- 1525-1531: Ulrich X of Helfenstein-Wiesensteig )1486-1548), Regent of Wurttemberg [49]
- 1677-1693: Frederick Charles of Wurttemberg-Winnetka (d.1698), Regent of Wurttemberg & Teck
- 1737-1738: Charles Rudolf of Wurttemberg-Nested (1667-1742), Duke-Regent of Wurttemberg & Teck for Charles Eugene
- 1738-1744: Charles Frederick of Wurttemberg-Oels (1690-1761), Duke-Regent of Wurttemberg & Teck for Charles Eugene
- Alfonso of Athens, bastard brother of Duke Manfred, Regent.
- 1731-1741: Ricciarda Gonzaga (1698-1768), Regent of Massa and Carrara for Maria Teresa.
- Paola Colonna (d.1445), Regent of Piombino for their son Iacopo II. [50]
- ?-1821: Charles Felix of Savoy (1765-1831), Regent of Sardinia for Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia
- Pedro de Borja, Regent of Naples
- 1812-1815: Francesco of Naples (1777-1830), Duke of Calabria. Regent of the Two Sicilies
- Ippolita Cybo of the Counts of Ferentillo (1495-?), Daughter of Franceschetto Cybo, Count Palatine of the Lateran. Married 1522 Roberto Ambrogio Sanseverino (1490-1532), 3rd Count of Cajazzo. Regent for their sons, 1532-39, 1539-44.
- Gaitelgrima of Benevento (980-1027), Regent of Benevento for her son, Waimar V (1010-52)
- Milan
- Ascanio Maria Sforza of Milan (1455-1505), Bishop of Pavia; Regent of Milan, Mar-Apr, 1500
- Caterina Visconti (1360-1404), Regent of Milan, 1402-1404, for her son Gian Maria Visconti
- Ludovico I Maria of Milan (1451-1508), Regent of Milan, 1476-1494, for his nephew, Gian Galeazzo Sforza
- Modena
- Benedetta Maria Ernestina of Modena (1697-1777), Regent of Modena & Reggio, 1737
- Anna Amalia Giuseppina of Modena (1699-1778), Regent of Modena & Reggio, 1737
- Pesaro
- Camilla (Covele) da Marzano (d.1490), Regent of Pesaro, 1483-1489, for Giovanni I of Pesaro, her husband Costanzo I’s illegitimate son with Fiora Boni.
- Piombino
- Elena Salviati (d.1511), Princess-Regent of Piombino, 1545-1548, for her son Iacopo VI. She died shortly after taking office.
- Alfonso d’Appiano of Piombino (1535-90), Regent of Piombino, 1589, for his nephew, Iacopo VII (d.1603), Prince of Piombino, 1589-1603
- Savoy
- 1060-?: Adelaide of Susa, Regent for her sons, Peter I of Savoy and Amadeus II of Savoy. [52]
- 1253-?: Peter II Count of Savoy, Regent for his nephew, Boniface, Count of Savoy, who was 19 years old when he succeeded his father. [53]
- 1343-1348: Amadeus III, Count of Geneva, Regent for Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy. [54]
- 1343-1348: Louis II of Savoy, Lord of Vaud, Regent for Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy [55] [56]
- Sicily
- 1101-1112: Adelaide of Savona (Adelaide of Montferrat, Adelaide del Vasto) (c1075-1118), Regent of Sicily for her sons, Simon, Count of Sicily and Roger II of Sicily
- 1103-1113: Robert of Burgundy (1040-1113), Regent of Sicily
- 1166-1172: Margaret of Navarre (1128-82), Regent of Sicily for her son, William II of Sicily
- 1254-?: Berthold of Hohenburg, Regent of Sicily for Conradin who was in Germany [57]
- 1254-1258: Manfred of Sicily, Regent of Sicily
- 1266-?: Helena Angelina Doukaina, Regent of Sicily
- 1338-1348: John, Duke of Randazzo (1317-1348), Regent of Sicily
- 1342-1355: Blasco II de Alagona, Regent of Sicily, for Louis of of Sicily
- 1352-1354: Constance of Sicily (1324-55), Regent of Sicily for her nephew William II of Sicily
- 1355-1357: Eufemia of Sicily (1330-59), Regent of Sicily
- Tuscany
- Christine of Lorraine (1565-1637), Regent of Tuscany, 1609, Co-Regent of Tuscany, 1621-28 (jointly with her daughter-in-law, Maria Magdalene of Austria), for her grandson Ferdinando II who was only ten years old.
- The Netherlands
- 1507-1530: Margaret of Austria (1480-1530), Regent of the Netherlands, 1507-1530. [58]]
- 1531-1555: Maria of Austria (1505-58), Regent of the Netherlands
- 1555-1559: Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy (1528-80), Regent of the Netherlands
- 1559-1567: Margaret of Parma (1522-1586), Regent of the Netherlands
- 1567-1573: Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba, Governor of the Netherlands
- 1573-1576: Luis de Zúñiga y Requesens, Governor of the Netherlands
- 1576-1578: John of Austria, Governor of the Netherlands
- 1578-1592: Alexander, Duke of Parma, Governor of the Netherlands
- 1592-1594: Peter Ernst I von Mansveld-Vorderort
- 1594-1595: Archduke Ernest of Austria
- 1595-1596: Pedro Enríquez de Acevedo, Count of Fuentes
- 1596-1598: Archduke Albert of Austria
- 1598-1621: Archduke Albert of Austria
- 1598-1633: Infanta Isabella of Spain
- 1633-1641: Ferdinand, Cardinal-Infante
- 1641-1644: Francisco de Mello, Marquis of Terceira
- 1644-1647: Emmanuel de Moura Cortereal, 2° Marquis of Castel Rodrigo
- 1647-1656: Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria
- 1656-1659: John of Austria the Younger
- 1659-1664: Luis de Benavides Carrillo, Marquis of Caracena
- 1664-1668: Francisco de Moura Cortereal, 3° Marquis of Castel Rodrigo
- 1668-1670: Iñigo Fernandez de Velasco, Duke of Feria
- 1670-1675: Juan Domingo de Zuñiga y Fonseca
- 1675-1677: Carlos de Gurrea, Duke of Villahermosa
- 1678-1682: Alessandro di Odoardo Farnese, Prince of Parma
- 1682-1685: Otto Henry, Marquis of Caretto
- 1685-1692: Fray Antonio de Agurto, Marquis of Castagna
- 1692-1706: Maximilian II Emanuel, elector of Bavaria
- 1716-1724: Prince Eugene of Savoy
- 1724-1741: Archduchess Maria Elisabeth of Austria
- 1741-1744: Count Friedrich August von Harrach-Rohrau
- 1744-1744: Archduchess Maria Anna of Habsburg and Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine
- 1744-1780: Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine
- 1781-1793: Archduchess Maria Christina of Austria and Duke Albert of Saxe-Teschen
- 1793-1794: Archduke Charles of Austria
- Belgium
- 1944-1950: Charles of Belgium (1903-83), Regent of Belgium in lieu of his brother, Leopold III of Belgium, until the latter could return to the throne.
- East Friesland
- Theda Ukena (1432-94), Countess-Regent of East Friesland, 1466-1491, for her sons, Enno I, Count of East Frisia who drowned, and then for Edzard I, Count of East Frisia
- Anna of Oldenburg (1501-75), Regent of East Friesland, 1540-1561, for her minor son ]]Edzard II, Count of East Frisia]]
- Juliane of Hesse-Darmstadt (1606-59), Regent of East Frisia, 1648-1651, for her son Enno Louis, Count of East Frisia
- Christine Charlotte of Wurttemberg (1645-99), Regent of East Frisia, 1665-1689, for Christian Eberhard, Prince of East Frisia, 1665-1708. [59]
- Flanders
- Richildis of Hainault (1031-86), Regent of Flanders, 1070-1071, for her son Arnulf III of Flanders
- Robert II of Flanders (d.1111), Co-Regent of Flanders, 1086-?
- Clemence of Burgundy (1078?-1133), Regent of Flanders, 1096-1110, when her husband, Robert II of Flanders, was absent during the First Crusade. [60]
- Sibylle of Anjou (d.1165), Regent of Flanders, 1138-1139, 1147-1149, during her husband, Diedriks’ participation in the Crusades
- Marie of Champagne (1174-1204), Regent of Flanders and Hainault, 1202-1204, during her husband, Baudouin’s participation in the 5th Crusade
- Philippe I of Namur (1175-1212), Regent of Flanders, 1200-1212
- Rozala of Italy, Regent of Flanders, for her son Baldwin IV of Flanders
- Matilda of Portugal, Regent of Flanders, 1204-1205, for her son Baldwin IX of Flanders during his participation in the 5th Crusade.
- Ghent
- Petronella of Kortrijk, Regent of Ghent, 1200-08, for her husband, Zeger II (d.1202), who was Knight Templar, and then for their son, Zeger III (1190-1227).
- Guelders
- 1160-1181: Gerhard of Guelders, eldest son of Henry I of Guelders, Regent
- ?-?: Richardis of Bavaria (1173-1231), Regent of Guelders and Zutphen
- 1343-1344: Eleanor of England, Regent of Geldern for her son Reinoud III of Guelders
- 1371-1377: William II of Julich, Regent of Guelders for his son William I of Guelders
- 1423-1436: John II of Egmond (1385-1451), Regent of Guelders for his son Arnold of Egmond, Duke of Guelders, 1423-1465.
- 1477-1481: Catherine of Egmont, Duchess-Regent of Guelders
- 1482-1492: [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, Regent of Geldern
- Holland
- Liutgarde, Regent of Holland, 993-1005, for her son Dirk III, Count of Holland
- Gertrude of Saxony, Regent of Holland, 1061-1071 & 1076-1091, for her son Dirk V, Count of Holland
- Robert I, Count of Flanders, Regent of Holland, for his step-son Dirk V, Count of Holland
- Petronilla of Lorraine (1078-1144), Regent of Holland, 1122-1125, for her son Dirk VI, Count of Holland
- Baldwin I of Bentheim, Regent of Holland, 1222
- Gerhard III of Guelder, Regent of Holland, 1222-?, for his nephew, Floris IV, Count of Holland
- William of Holland (1214-1238), Regent of Holland, 1234
- Otto of Holland, Bishop of Utrecht, Regent of Holland, 1234-1239, for his paternal nephew William II of Holland
- Adelaide of Holland, Regent of Holland, 1256-1263, for her nephew Floris V, Count of Holland
- Floris of Holland (d.1258), Regent of Holland, 1256-1258, for his nephew Floris V, Count of Holland
- Otto II of Guelder, Regent of Holland, 1263-1266, for Floris V, Count of Holland
- Wolfert van Borselen, Regent of Holland, 1296-1299, for John I of Holland
- John II, Count of Holland, Regent of Holland, 1299 (for a few months after Wolfert van Borselen was murdered), for his nephew, John I, Count of Holland. He then succeeded in Holland after his nephew died.
- Albert I, Duke of Bavaria, Regent of Hainault and Holland, 1358-1389
- Vianden
- ?-1324: Gerhard of Julich, Regent of Vianden for the minor children of his brother-in-law Philip II, Count of Vianden, 1310-1315/16
- Monaco
- 1457-1458: Pomelline Fregoso (1387/88-1468), Regent of Monaco for Claudine of Monaco
- 1523-1532: Augustine of Monaco, Regent of Monaco for Honoré I, Lord of Monaco
- 1532: Nicholas of Monaco, Regent of Monaco Honoré I, Lord of Monaco
- 1532-1540: Etienne “the Governor” Grimaldi, Regent of Monaco Honoré I, Lord of Monaco
- 1604-1616; Francesco Landi, Prince of Valdetare, Regent of Monaco for his nephew Honoré II, Prince of Monaco
- Vaduz
- Charles Frederick of Hohenems-Hohenems (1650-86), Regent of Vaduz and Schellenberg, 1662-71.
- Portugal
- Theresa, Countess of Portugal, Regent of Portugal, 1112-1128, for her son Afonso I of Portugal
- Afonso III of Portugal, Regent of Portugal, 1245-1248, for his brother Sancho II of Portugal
- Leonor Telles de Menezes, Regent of Portugal, 1383-1385, for her daughter Beatrice of Portugal
- John I of Portugal, Regent of Portugal, 1383-1385, for Beatrice of Portugal
- Fernando I, Duke of Braganza, Regent of Portugal, 1417-?, for Afonso V of Portugal
- Leonor of Aragon (1402-1445), Regent of Portugal, 1438-1440, for her son Afonso V of Portugal
- Infante Pedro, Duke of Coimbra, Regent of Portugal, 1438-1449, for his nephew Afonso V of Portugal
- Joana, Crown Princess of Portugal, Regent of Portugal, 1471, during the military expedition to Tangier of her father Afonso V of Portugal
- Catherine of Austria, Regent of Portugal, 1557-1562, for Sebastian of Portugal
- Henry of Portugal, Regent of Portugal, 1562-1568, for Sebastian of Portugal
- Rodrigo da Cunha, Regent of Portugal, 1640
- Luisa of Medina-Sidonia, Regent of Portugal, 1656-1662, for her son Afonso VI of Portugal
- Count of Castelo Melhor, Regent of Portugal, 1662-1667, for Afonso VI of Portugal
- Peter II of Portugal, Regent of Portugal, 1667-1683, for his insane brother Afonso VI of Portugal
- Mariana Victoria of Spain, Regent of Portugal, 1774-1777 for her husband Joseph I of Portugal
- John VI of Portugal, Regent of Portugal, 1792-1816, for his mother Maria I of Portugal
- Miguel of Portugal, Regent of Portugal, 1826-1828, for Maria I of Portugal
- Ferdinand II of Portugal, Regent of Portugal, 1853-55, for his son Pedro V of Portugal
- Denmark
- 1023-1026: Thorkell the Tall, Regent of Denmark for Canute the Great [61]
- 1042-1047: Svend Estridsen (1019-76), Regent of Denmark (in Jutland) for Magnus I of Denmark
- 1102-1103: Harald Kesja of Denmark, Regent of Denmark for his father Eric I of Denmark when he went on a pilgrimage
- 1259-1266: Margaret Sambiria of Pomerelia (1230-1282), Regent of Denmark (Co-Regent with Knut Valdemarsen), for her son, Eric V of Denmark
- 1259-1260: Knut Valdemar of Denmark (1211-60), Co-Regent of Denmark (with Margarethe Sambiria), for Eric V of Denmark
- 1286-1289: Valdemar of Schleswig (d.1312), Regent of Denmark for Eric VI of Denmark
- 1332-1340: Johann of Holstein-Plon (d.1359), Regent of Denmark for Christopher II of Denmark
- 1332-1340: Gerhard III of Holstein-Rendsburg (1292-1340), Regent of Denmark for Christopher II of Denmark [62]
- 1423: Philippa of England, Regent of Denmark
- 1439-1440: Christopher III of Denmark, Regent of Denmark for her husband Eric of Pomerania when he was in Italy & Germany
- Mar-Jul, 1648: Christian Thomesen Sehersted, Regent of Denmark for Christian IV of Denmark
- 1942-1943: Frederik IX of Denmark, Regent of Denmark when he was Crown Prince.
- Sweden
- 1067-1080: Haakon the Red (1045-80), Regent of Sweden
- 1080-1083: Blot Sweyn (1050-1087), Regent of Sweden
- 1216-1222: Olof, Archbishop of Uppsala, Regent of Sweden for John I of Sweden
- 1248-1266: Birger Magnusson (1210-66), Jarl of Bjalbo; Regent of Sweden for his son Valdemar I of Sweden
- ?-?: Ingeborg of Norway (1301-60), wife of Erik of Sweden (d.1318), Duke of Sodermanland, 1319-?, for her son Magnus III of Sweden (jointly with Magnus’ grandmother, Hedwig of Holstein.)
- 1290-1302, 1320-1327: Hedwig of Holstein (d.1324), Regent of Sweden for her grandson Magnus III (jointly with Magnus’ mother, Ingeborg of Norway).
- 1290-1303: Thorgils Knutson (d.1306), Regent of Sweden for Birger I of Sweden
- ?-?: Erling Vidkunsson, Regent, for Magnus II (1316-77), King of Sweden and Norway.
- 1318-1319: Magnus Ketilmundsson, Regent of Sweden for Birger I of Sweden and Magnus II of Sweden
- ?-?: Knut Jonsson, Regent, for Magnus II of Sweden (1316-77)
- 1424-1430: Philippa of England (1394-1430), Regent of Sweden
- 1430-1444: Josse (Jens) Eriksson (d.1436), Regent of Sweden for Eric XIII of Sweden
- 1434-1436: Kristiern Nilsson Vasa (1365-1442), Regent of Sweden for Eric XIII of Sweden
- 1436: Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson (1390-1436), Regent of Sweden (jointly with Karl Knutsson Bonde)
- 1436-1440: Karl Knutsson Bonde (1408-70), Regent of Sweden (jointly with Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson)
- 1440-1441: Nils Ragnvaldsson, Regent of Sweden
- 1448, 1457, 1466-1467: Eric Axelsson Tott (1415-81), Regent of Sweden (jointly Jons Bengtsson Oxenstierna)
- 1441-1448: Kristofer (1416-48), Regent of Sweden
- 1448: Jons Bengtsson Oxenstierna (1417-66), Archbishop of Uppsala; Regent of Sweden (jointly with Erik Axelsson Tott), 1457 (jointly with Erik Axelsson Tott)
- 1464-1465: Kettil Carlson Vasa (1433-65), Bishop of Linkoping; Regent of Sweden
- 1512-1520: Sten Sture the Younger (1493-20), Regent of Sweden
- 1599-1604: Charles IX of Sweden, Regent of Sweden
- 1659-?: Gustav Bonde (1620-67), Regent of Sweden during the minority of Charles XI of Sweden
- 1660-1672: Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp (1636-1715), Regent of Sweden for her son Charles XI of Sweden
- 1660-1672: Carl Gustav Wrangel, Count Salmis (1613-76), Regent of Sweden for Charles XI of Sweden
- 1660-1672: Magnus Gabriel de la Gardie (1622-86), Regent of Sweden for Charles XI of Sweden
- 1718-1719: Bengt Gabrielson Orenstein (1664-1742), Regent of Sweden for Charles XII of Sweden
- Guillermo Ramon II of Moncada (1090-1173), Co-regent with Alfonso II of Aragon from 1162.
- Felipe, Abbot of San Pablo en Narbona, Regent of Mallorca, 1324-1329, for Jaime III.
- Spain
- 1519-1521: Adriaan Florenszoon Dedel van Utrecht (Pope Adrian VI), Regent of Spain for Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
- 1529-1533: Isabel of Portugal, Regent of Spain for Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
- 1535-1538: Isabel of Portugal, Regent of Spain for Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
- 1543-1548: Philip II of Spain, Regent of Spain for his father Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
- 1549-1551: Maria of Austria (1528-1608), Co-Regent of Spain
- 1551-1554: Philip II of Spain, Regent of Spain for his father Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
- 1554: Johanna of Austria, Regent of Spain for Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
- 1556-1559: Johanna of Austria, Regent of Spain for Philip II of Spain
- 1665-1675: Mariana Theresa of Austria Regent of Spain for Charles II of Spain
- 1702: Marie Louise of Savoy, Regent of Spain for Philip V of Spain
- 1813-1814: Louis Maria of Bourbon, Regent of Spain for Ferdinand VII of Spain
- 1841-1843: Baldomero Espartero, Prince of Vergara, Regent of Spain [65]
- 1886-1902: Maria Christina of Austria, Regent of Spain for her son, Alfonso XIII of Spain
- Castile
- 1157-1158: Berenguela of Barcelona, Regent of Castile, Leon and Galicia for her son Ferdinand II of Castile
- 1158: Ferdinand II of Leon, Regent of Castile
- 1158-1161: Gutierre Fernandez de los Castro, Regent of Castile for Alfonso VIII of Castile who was only 3 years old. [68]
- 1161-1169: Manrique Perez de Molina, Lord of Molina, Regent of Castile for Alfonso VIII of Castile who was only 6 years old. [69]
- 1214-1217: Berenguela of Castile, Regent of Castile
- 1274-1275: Ferdinand de la Cerda, Infante of Castile, Regent of Castile for his father, Alfonso X of Castile, who was in southern France to plead for Papal recogniztion as Holy Roman Emperor. [70]
- Peter of Castile (1290-1319), son of Sancho IV of Castile; Lord of los Cameros; Regent of Castile
- 1295-1301: Maria de Molina (d.1321), Regent of Castile for her son, Ferdinand IV of Castile, and after the latter’s death, as guardian to her grandson Alfonso XI of Castile, 1312-1321, while the regency was contested among his other relatives. [71]
- 1295-1301: Henry of Castile (1225-1304), Lord of Ecija; Regent of Castile [72]
- Philip of Castile (1292-1327), Lord of Cabrera and Ribera. Regent of Castile
- 1319-1325: Juan Manuel of Castile, Duke of Villena, Regent of Castile for Alfonso XI of Castile, together with the boy’s grandmother, Maria de Molina and his uncle Philip of Castile
- 1406-?: Catherine of Lancaster (1373-1418), Regent of Castile and Leon for her son John II of Castile, who was only a year and ten months when he succeeded to the throne. She was co-regent with Ferdinand of Castile until his death in 1416. Her title as regent: madre del rey, e su tutora, e regidora de sus reynos (the mother of the king and his tutor, and governor of his kingdoms) [73]
- 1406-1416: Ferdinand of Castile (Ferdinand of Antequera), Regent of Castile and Leon for his nephew, John II of Castile. Co-regent with Katharine of Lancaster until his death
- 1416-1418: Catherine of Lancaster (1373-1418), Regent of Castile for her son [[John II of Castile who was two years old when he succeeded his father.
- 1505, 1507-1516: Ferdinand II of Aragon, Regent of Castile for his daughter Joana of Castile
- 1506-1507: Francisco Jimenez de Cisneros, Regent of Castile for Joana of Castile
- 1516-1517: Francisco Jimenez de Cisneros, Regent of Castile for &Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
- Navarre
- Toda, Regent of Navarre, 931-934, for Garcia II, King of Navarre, 925-970.
- Garcia II of Pamplona, Regent of Pamplona, 870-882 [75]
- Jimeno II of Pamplona, Regent of Navarre, 925-931, for his nephew Garcia II of Pamplona [76]
- Sancho, King of Viguera, Regent of Navarre, 1000-1004 [77]
- Blanche of Navarre (1170‘s-1229), Regent of Navarre during her brother Sancho VII’s “retirement” of some sort
- Margaret of Bourbon, Regent of Navarre, 1253-1256, for her son Theobald II of Navarre
- [[**Blanche of Artois (1248-1300), Regent of Navarre, 1274-1284, for her daughter Joan I of Navarre
- Louis of Evreux, Regent of Navarre, 1356-1357, for Charles II of Navarre
- Magdalena of Valois (1443-95), Regent of Navarre, 1479-1483, for her son, Francis I of Navarre & Regent of Navarre, 1483-1484, for her daughter, Catherine of Navarre
- Aleppo
- Antioch
- Tancred, Prince of Galilee, (1072-1112), Regent of Antioch, 1101-1103, when Bohemund I was taken prisoner by the Danishmends, and 1105-1112, in the name of the young Bohemund II
- Roger of Salerno (d.1119), Regent of Antioch, 1112-1119, for Bohemund II who was still a child.
- Alice of Rethel (1110-36), Lady of Laodicea and Gibel, in her own right. Regent of Antioch, 1130, 1135-1136
- Armenia
- 1219-1221: Adam of Gaston (Baghras), Regent of Armenia
- 1342: John of Lusignan, Regent of Armenia for his brother Guy I.
- Barthelemy de Lusignan (d. c1373), Regent of Armenia
- Edessa
- Riccardo of Salerno (c1060-1144), Regent of Edessa, 1104-1108. He was bitterly hated by the citizens of Edessa for being ruthless and greedy.
- Kingdom of Jerusalem
- 1123: Eustace Garnier, Regent of Jerusalem for Baldwin II of Jerusalem
- 11234-1124: William Bures, Regent of Jerusalem for Baldwin II of Jerusalem
- 1154-1161: Melisende of Jerusalem, Regent of Jerusalem for Baldwin III of Jerusalem
- 1174: Miles of Plancy, Regent of Jerusalem for Baldwin IV of Jerusalem
- 1174-1177: Raymond III of Tripoli, Regent of Jerusalem for Baldwin IV of Jerusalem who was to young to rule
- 1184-1185: Raymond III of Tripoli for Baldwin V of Jerusalem
- 1183-1184: Guy of Lusignan, Regent of Jerusalem for Baldwin IV of Jerusalem
- 1205-1210: John of Ibelin, the Old Lord of Beirut, Regent of Jerusalem for his niece, Maria of Montferrat
- 1212-1225: John of Brienne, Regent of Jerusalem for Yolande of Jerusalem
- 1228-1243: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, Regent of Jerusalem for his son Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor
- 1243-1246: Alice of Champagne, Regent of Jerusalem for her great-nephew, Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor, who could not come to the East to accept the throne
- 1246-1253: Henry I of Cyprus, Regent of Jerusalem for Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor.
- 1254-1261: Plaisance of Cyprus, Regent of Jerusalem for Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor
- 1261-1264: Isabella of Antioch (1216-64), Regent of Jerusalem for Conrad III of Germany
- 1264-1267: Hugh III of Cyprus, Regent of Jerusalem for Conrad III of Germany
- Manuel Angelos Dukas (d.1241), Regent of Thessalonika
References and External Links
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