Featured articles

Twenty-nine featured articles were promoted this month.

• The Battle of the Aegates (nominated by Gog the Mild) was a naval battle fought on 10 March 241 BC between the fleets of Carthage and Rome during the First Punic War. It took place among the Aegates Islands, off the western coast of the island of Sicily. The Carthaginians were commanded by Hanno, and the Romans were under the overall authority of Gaius Lutatius Catulus, but Quintus Valerius Falto commanded during the battle. It was the final and deciding battle of the 23-year-long First Punic War, and ended in a decisive Roman victory. The First Punic War was shortly ended with the signing of the Treaty of Lutatius.
• The bombing of Obersalzberg (nominated by Nick-D) was an air raid carried out by the Royal Air Force's Bomber Command on 25 April 1945 during the last days of World War II in Europe. The operation targeted Obersalzberg, a complex of residences and bunkers in Bavaria which had been built for Adolf Hitler and other key members of Germany's leadership. Many buildings in the complex were destroyed, though Hitler's residence and the bunker network were only slightly damaged. Two Allied bombers were shot down with the loss of four airmen, and 31 Germans were killed.
• Coropuna (nominated by Jo-Jo Eumerus) is a dormant compound volcano located in the Andes mountains of southeast-central Peru. The upper reaches of Coropuna consist of several perennially snowbound conical summits, lending it the name Nevado Coropuna in Spanish. The complex extends over an area of 240 square kilometres (93 square miles) and its highest summit reaches an altitude of 6,377 metres (20,922 feet) above sea level. This makes the Coropuna complex the third-highest of Peru. Its thick ice cap is the most extensive in Earth's tropical zone, with several outlet glaciers stretching out to lower altitudes. Below an elevation of 5,000 metres (16,000 feet), there are various vegetation belts which include trees, peat bogs, and grasses; and agricultural areas and pastures.
• The football match (nominated by Harrias and The Rambling Man) between Manchester United and Ipswich Town played at Old Trafford, Manchester, on 4 March 1995 as part of the 1994–95 FA Premier League finished in a 9–0 victory for Manchester United. The result stands alone as the record home win in the competition's history and the joint biggest win either home or away. The two teams went into the match at opposite ends of the table; Manchester United were second, while Ipswich Town were second-last. Manchester United won in front of the highest attendance in the league to that point in the season.
• SMS Niobe (nominated by Parsecboy and Peacemaker67) was the second member of the ten-ship Gazelle class of light cruisers that were built for the German Kaiserliche Marine (Imperial Navy) in the late 1890s and early 1900s. The Gazelle class was the culmination of earlier unprotected cruiser and aviso designs, combining the best aspects of both types in what became the progenitor of all future light cruisers of the Imperial fleet. Built to be able to serve with the main German fleet and as a colonial cruiser, she was armed with a battery of ten 10.5 cm (4.1 in) guns and a top speed of 21.5 knots (39.8 km/h; 24.7 mph). The ship had a long career, serving in all three German navies, along with the Yugoslav and Italian fleets over the span of more than forty years.
• The Third Silesian War (nominated by Bryanrutherford0) was a conflict between Prussia and Austria (together with its allies) that lasted from 1756 to 1763 and confirmed Prussia's control of the region of Silesia (now in south-western Poland). The war was fought mainly in Silesia, Bohemia and Upper Saxony and formed one theatre of the Seven Years' War. It was the last of three Silesian Wars fought between Frederick the Great's Prussia and Maria Theresa's Austria in the mid-18th century, all three of which ended in Prussian control of Silesia.
• Hurricane Humberto (nominated by TropicalAnalystwx13 and Juliancolton) was a large and powerful tropical cyclone that caused extensive wind damage in the British Overseas Territory of Bermuda during September 2019. It was the eighth named storm, third hurricane, and second major hurricane – Category 3 or higher on the Saffir–Simpson scale – of the 2019 Atlantic season. Humberto formed on September 13, became a hurricane on the 16 and reached peak intensity as a Category 3 hurricane on September 18. The system transitioned to a potent extratropical cyclone early on September 20. Humberto caused two fatalities and a total of over $25 million in damages.
• John W. Beschter (nominated by Ergo Sum) was a Catholic priest and Jesuit from the Duchy of Luxembourg in the Austrian Netherlands. He emigrated to the United States as a missionary in 1807, where he ministered in rural Pennsylvania and Maryland. Beschter was the last Jesuit pastor of St. Mary's Church in Lancaster, as well as the pastor of St. John the Evangelist Church in Baltimore, Maryland. He was also a priest at several other German-speaking churches in Pennsylvania. He also briefly served as the 14th President of Georgetown College
• The MAX Red Line (nominated by Truflip99) is a light rail service in Portland, Oregon, United States, operated by TriMet as part of the MAX Light Rail system. It serves 26 stations between Beaverton and Portland, running predominantly east–west. It is the second-busiest service in the MAX system, carrying an average of 22,530 passengers per weekday in September 2019.
• The Mercenary War (nominated by Gog the Mild) was a mutiny by troops employed by Carthage at the end of the First Punic War (264 to 241 BC), backed by an uprising of African settlements revolting against Carthaginian control. It lasted from 241 to late 238 or early 237 BC and ended with Carthage suppressing both the mutiny and the revolt.
• The Midland Railway War Memorial (nominated by HJ Mitchell) is a First World War memorial in Derby in the East Midlands of England. It was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens and unveiled in 1921. The memorial commemorates employees of the Midland Railway who died while serving in the armed forces during the First World War. Around a third of the company's workforce, some 23,000 men, left to fight, of whom 2,833 were killed. The memorial was unveiled on 15 December 1921. Today, the memorial stands in a conservation area and is a grade II* listed building. It was repaired in 2010 after several of the bronze plaques were stolen and later recovered.
• Racer's hurricane (nominated by Juliancolton) was a destructive tropical cyclone that had severe effects in northeastern Mexico, the Republic of Texas, and the Gulf Coast of the United States in early October 1837. Termed "one of the most famous and destructive hurricanes of the century" by meteorology historian David Ludlum, the storm caused widespread damage and an estimated 105 fatalities.
• Tropical Storm Zelda (nominated by Nova Crystallis) was the last tropical cyclone of the 1991 Pacific typhoon season and caused damage in the Marshall Islands on November 28. It strengthened into a tropical depression on November 27 and reached peak intensity on November 29 , weakening into a tropical storm on December 2 before dissipating on the 7. Zelda caused significant damage in the Marshall Islands, and operations at Kwajalein Missile Range were disrupted severely. No deaths or injuries were reported. About 60 percent of homes were destroyed in Ebeye Island, leaving 6,000 people without residence. Nearly all crops on the islands were destroyed, and food and other supplies were contaminated by salt.
• During the 1980–81 English football season, Ipswich Town F.C. competed in the Football League First Division. During the season, (nominated by The Rambling Man) the club had one of their most successful performances in its history. They finished as runners-up in the league championship, were semi-finalists in the FA Cup and won the UEFA Cup. In all, Ipswich played a total of 66 competitive games during the season, winning 37, drawing 13 and losing 16.
• Lythronax (nominated by FunkMonk, Lythronaxargestes, and IJReid) is a genus of tyrannosaurid dinosaur that lived in North America around 80.6–79.9 million years ago during the Late Cretaceous period. The only known specimen was discovered in Utah in the Wahweap Formation of the Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument in 2009, and consists of a partial skull and skeleton. Size estimates for Lythronax have ranged between 5 and 8 m (16 and 26 ft) in length, and between 0.5 and 2.5 t (1,100 and 5,500 lb) in weight. It was a heavily built tyrannosaurid; as a member of that group, it would have had small, two-fingered forelimbs, strong hindlimbs, and a very robust skull.
• Mary van Kleeck (nominated by Ganesha811) was an American social scientist and social feminist of the 20th century. She was a notable figure in the American labor movement as well as a proponent of scientific management and a planned economy.
• Operation Rösselsprung (nominated by Peacemaker67) ) was a combined airborne and ground assault by the German XV Mountain Corps and collaborationist forces on the Supreme Headquarters of the Yugoslav Partisans located in the Bosnian town of Drvar in the Independent State of Croatia during World War II. The operation was launched on 25 May 1944, and was aimed at capturing or killing the Partisan leader Marshal Josip Broz Tito and destroying the headquarters, support facilities and co-located Allied military missions. It was a German failure.
• Spacewar! (nominated by PresN) is a space combat video game developed in 1962 by Steve Russell in collaboration with Martin Graetz, Wayne Wiitanen, Bob Saunders, Steve Piner, and others. Spacewar! is one of the most important and influential games in the early history of video games. It was extremely popular in the small programming community in the 1960s and the public domain code was widely ported and recreated at other computer systems at the time, especially after computer systems with monitors became more widespread towards the end of the decade. It has also been recreated in more modern programming languages for PDP-1 emulators. It directly inspired many other electronic games, such as the first commercial arcade video games, Galaxy Game and Computer Space (1971), and later games such as Asteroids (1979). In 2007, Spacewar! was named to a list of the ten most important video games of all time, which formed the start of the game canon at the Library of Congress.
• Ice dance (nominated by Figureskatingfan) is a discipline of figure skating that historically draws from ballroom dancing. It joined the World Figure Skating Championships in 1952, and became a Winter Olympic Games medal sport in 1976. According to the International Skating Union (ISU), the governing body of figure skating, an ice dance team consists of one woman and one man.
• Sega (nominated by Red Phoenix) is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher headquartered in Shinagawa, Tokyo. Sega produces multi-million-selling game franchises including Sonic the Hedgehog, Total War, and Yakuza, and is the world's most prolific arcade game producer. It also operates amusement arcades and produces other entertainment products, including Sega Toys. Sega is recognized for its time supporting its own video game consoles, its creativity, and its innovations. In more recent years, it has been criticized for its business decisions and the quality of its creative output.
• Minerva's Den (nominated by David Fuchs) is a single-player downloadable content (DLC) campaign for the 2010 first-person shooter game BioShock 2, developed by 2K Marin and published by 2K Games. The player assumes the role of Subject Sigma, an armored human or "Big Daddy"; Sigma must travel through Minerva's Den, the technological hub of the underwater city of Rapture, to download a schematic of the city's supercomputer. Gameplay is similar to that of BioShock 2, with new enemies and weapons.
• Charles Duke (nominated by Hawkeye7) is an American former astronaut, U.S. Air Force (USAF) officer and test pilot. As lunar module pilot of Apollo 16 in 1972, he became the tenth (and as of 2020 remains) and youngest person to walk on the Moon.
• French battleship Bouvet (nominated by Parsecboy) was a pre-dreadnought battleship of the French Navy that was built in the 1890s. She was a member of a group of five broadly similar battleships, along with Charles Martel, Jauréguiberry, Carnot, and Masséna, which were ordered in response to the British Royal Sovereign class. Bouvet was the last vessel of the group to be built, and her design was based on that of Charles Martel. Like her half-sisters, she was armed with a main battery of two 305 mm (12 in) guns and two 274 mm (10.8 in) guns in individual turrets. She had a top speed of 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph), which made her one of the fastest battleships in the world at the time. Bouvet proved to be the most successful design of the five, and she was used as the basis for the subsequent Charlemagne class. Nevertheless, she suffered from design flaws that reduced her stability and contributed to her loss in 1915.
• Harriet Leveson-Gower, Countess Granville (nominated by Ruby2010) was a British society hostess and writer. The younger daughter of the 5th Duke of Devonshire, she was a member of the wealthy Cavendish and Spencer families and spent her childhood under the care of a governess with her two siblings.
• Hurricane Lane (2018) (nominated by Hurricane Noah and Cyclonebiskit) was a strong tropical cyclone that brought torrential rainfall and strong winds to Hawaii during late August 2018. The storm was the wettest on record in Hawaii, with peak rainfall accumulations of 58 in (1,473 mm) along the eastern slopes of Mauna Loa. Lane was the twelfth named storm, sixth hurricane, fourth major hurricane, and the first of three Category 5 hurricanes of the record-breaking 2018 Pacific hurricane season.
• Ichthyovenator (nominated by PaleoGeekSquared) is a genus of spinosaurid dinosaur that lived in what is now Laos, sometime between 125 to 113 million years ago during the Aptian stage of the Early Cretaceous period.
• Knap Hill (nominated by Mike Christie) lies on the northern rim of the Vale of Pewsey, in northern Wiltshire, England, about a mile (1.6 km) north of the village of Alton Priors. At the top of the hill is a causewayed enclosure, a form of Neolithic earthwork which began to appear in England from about 3700 BC onwards, characterized by the full or partial enclosure of an area with ditches that are interrupted by gaps, or causeways. It is not known what they were used for; they may have been settlements, or meeting places, or ritual sites of some kind. The site has been scheduled as an ancient monument.

Featured lists

Twenty featured lists were promoted this month.

• Billy Wilder (1906–2002) was an Austrian-born American filmmaker, who has an extensive filmography (nominated by Cowlibob) Wilder became a screenwriter in the late 1920s while living in Berlin. After the rise of the Nazi Party, he left for Paris, where he made his directorial debut. He moved to Hollywood in 1933, and in 1939 he had a hit when he co-wrote the screenplay for the romantic comedy Ninotchka, starring Greta Garbo. Wilder established his directorial reputation with an adaption of James M. Cain's Double Indemnity (1944), a film noir. Wilder co-wrote the screenplay with crime novelist Raymond Chandler. Wilder earned the Best Director and Best Screenplay Academy Awards for the adaptation of a Charles R. Jackson story, The Lost Weekend (1945), about alcoholism. In 1950, Wilder co-wrote and directed the critically acclaimed Sunset Boulevard, as well as Stalag 17 in 1953. From the mid-1950s on, Wilder made mostly comedies. Among the classics Wilder created in this period are the farces The Seven Year Itch (1955) and Some Like It Hot (1959), and satires such as The Apartment (1960). He directed fourteen different actors in Oscar-nominated performances. Wilder was recognized with the American Film Institute (AFI) Life Achievement Award in 1986. In 1988, Wilder was awarded the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award. In 1993, he was awarded the National Medal of Arts. As of 2019, 10 of his films are in the National Film Registry.
• Alain Prost is a French former racing driver who won four Formula One World Championships. Over a racing career spanning from 1980 to 1993, Prost won 51 Grands Prix at 24 different circuits (nominated by Harrias) . He was most successful at Silverstone and Jacarepaguá, winning five times at both. The majority of his wins (31) were for McLaren; he also won 9 races with Renault, 7 for Williams and 5 with Ferrari. His most successful races were the Brazilian and French Grands Prix, each of which he won six times.
• Hot Country Songs is a chart that ranks the top-performing country music songs in the United States, published by Billboard magazine. The chart was topped by 23 different singles in 1969 (nominated by ChrisTheDude), 31 in 1977 (nominated by ChrisTheDude), 31 in 1978 (nominated by ChrisTheDude), and 33 in 1979 (nominated by ChrisTheDude), which was at the time published under the title Hot Country Singles, based on playlists submitted by country music radio stations and sales reports submitted by stores.
• The Rugby League World Cup is an international rugby league tournament which has been played at various intervals since 1954. Hat-tricks have been achieved 61 times at the tournament (nominated by WDM10), 60 times with tries and just once with field goals.
• The Tour de France is an annual men's multiple stage bicycle race primarily held in France, generally considered the most famous bicycle race in the world. The tours founder, Henri Desgrange, was passionate about taking the Tour up to the highest reachable points of elevation in the Alps and Pyrenees using the most difficult routes. The Tour has since reached many high points (nominated by BaldBoris) with the highest ever during the 1962 race of 2,802 m (9,193 ft) at the Cime de la Bonette in the Alps.
• Mustelidae is a family of mammals in the order Carnivora, which includes weasels, badgers, otters, ferrets, martens, minks, and wolverines, and many other extant and extinct genera. The 23 genera and 59 species (nominated by PresN) of Mustelidae are split into 8 subfamilies. Around 200 further extinct species have been found.
• The Mexican National Tag Team Championship (nominated by MPJ-DK) is a national Mexican professional wrestling championship controlled by the Comisión de Box y Lucha Libre Mexico D.F. (Mexico City Boxing and Wrestling Commission) and competed for by two-man tag teams. The championship was created in 1957, promoted regularly until 2003, and intermittently until 2011 when the last known defense took place. The championship was reintroduced in 2020.
• Puella Magi Madoka Magica is a 2011 anime series created by Magica Quartet (consisting of Akiyuki Shinbo, Atsuhiro Iwakami, Gen Urobuchi, and Ume Aoki), produced by Shaft, and distributed by Aniplex. It follows the story of 14-year-old Japanese middle school student Madoka Kaname, who is offered the chance to have any wish granted on the condition that she become a magical girl and fight against evil witches. There were 12 episodes and 4 drama CDs (nominated by I'm Aya Syameimaru!).
• Scarlett Johansson is an American actress who has appeared in films, television series, video games and stage plays (nominated by Cowlibob).
• Ayushmann Khurrana is an Indian actor, singer, and television host, who has performed numerous times (nominated by CAPTAIN MEDUSA)
• Bandai Namco Holdings is a Japanese holdings company, based in Tokyo, that specializes in video games, anime, toys, arcades and amusement parks. Since its foundation in September 2005, the company has maintained numerous video game franchises (nominated by Namcokid47), notably Pac-Man is its highest-grossing franchise with over US$12.8 billion by 2016 and Tekken is its best-selling franchise with over 49 million copies across multiple platforms. By the late 2010s, Bandai Namco was the largest toy company by revenue and the eighth-largest video game company.
• The Archbishop of Vancouver (nominated by Bloom6132) is the head of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vancouver who is responsible for looking after its "spiritual and administrative needs". As the archdiocese is the metropolitan see of the ecclesiastical province encompassing nearly all of British Columbia, the Archbishop of Vancouver also administers the bishops who head the suffragan dioceses of Kamloops, Nelson, Prince George, and Victoria. The current archbishop is J. Michael Miller. Nine men have been Archbishop of Vancouver; another two were heads of its antecedent jurisdictions.
• In cricket, a player is said to have completed a century when they score 100 or more runs in a single innings. The Under-19 Cricket World Cup is the international championship of under-19 One Day International cricket, and is organised by the sport's governing body, the International Cricket Council (ICC). It was first held in 1988, and then 1998, since when it has been contested every two years. As of the 2020 edition, a total of 130 centuries (nominated by Bharatiya29) have been scored by 115 players from 18 different teams.
• Washington College is a private liberal arts college in Chestertown, Maryland, which is on the Eastern Shore of Maryland. There are many notable Washington College alumni (nominated by Guerillero), including state governors, United States senators, Major League Baseball players, businessmen, authors, and academics.
• French electronic music duo Daft Punk have a varied discography (nominated by Philroc) consisting of four studio albums, two live albums, one compilation album, one soundtrack album, three remix albums, two video albums, twenty-two singles and nineteen music videos.
• Formula One, abbreviated to F1, is the highest class of open-wheeled auto racing defined by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), motorsport's world governing body.The polesitter is the driver that has qualified for a Grand Prix in pole position, at the front of the starting grid. There have been several polesitters (nominated by NapHit)
• The New York City Marathon, one of the six World Marathon Majors, is a 26.2-mile (42.2 km) race which has been held in New York City since 1970. It is the largest marathon in the world; since 2013, every race except one has had over 50,000 finishers.There have been many winners of the marathon (nominated by Harrias). In total, 35 men and 30 women have won the open division of the New York City Marathon, while 9 men and 7 women have won the wheelchair division. The winners have represented 22 different countries: Americans have won the marathon the most, doing so on 32 occasions; Kenyans have won 26 times; and Norwegians 10 times.