| Adaptations of the X-Men in other media | |
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| Created by | |
| Original source | Comics published by Marvel Comics |
| First appearance | The X-Men #1 (September 1963) |
| Print publications | |
| Novel(s) |
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| Reference book(s) | Science of the X-Men |
| Films and television | |
| Film(s) |
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| Television show(s) |
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The X-Men are a fictional superhero team created by Marvel Comics that appear in comic books and other forms of media.
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Main article: X-Men in television |
The X-Men made their first animated appearance on The Marvel Super Heroes TV series in 1966 with Professor X commanding the original X-Men line-up of Cyclops, Beast, Marvel Girl, Angel, and Iceman.[1] In this episode the X-Men are not referred to as the X-Men but rather as the Allies for Peace.[2]
As part of a four-series collaboration between the Japanese Madhouse animation house and Marvel, the X-Men and Wolverine both starred in two separate 12 episode anime series that premiered in Japan on Animax and in the United States on G4 in 2011.[6][7] The X-Men series deals with the X-Men coming to Japan to investigate the disappearance of Armor. The antagonists are the U-Men.[8][9] It featured Cyclops, Wolverine, Storm, Beast, Emma Frost, Armor and Charles Xavier, as well as frequent flashbacks with Jean Grey. Other X-Men like Colossus and Rogue made cameo appearances in the finale.
On November 12, 2021, Marvel announced a revival of the 1992–1997 animated series titled X-Men '97 produced by Marvel Studios and is set to release in 2023 on Disney+. Several cast members from the original animated series are set to reprise their roles along with new cast members. Beau DeMayo is announced as the head writer and executive producer for the upcoming series with director Larry Houston, and showrunners and producers Eric and Julia Lewald from the original series will serve as consultants.[10][11][12]
Marvel produced motion comics based on Astonishing X-Men, releasing them on Hulu, iTunes, the PlayStation Store and other video services. These animated episodes were released on DVD through Shout! Factory. It has been announced that Marvel Knights Animation will continue animating Joss Whedon and John Cassaday's run.[17] Starting with the second storyline of the series Astonishing X-Men: Dangerous.[18]
The titles in the series include:
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Main article: X-Men (film series) |
From 2000 to 2020, 20th Century Fox released thirteen superhero films as part of the X-Men film series.
The first three films focus on the conflict between Professor Xavier and Magneto, who have opposing views on humanity's relationship with mutants. While Xavier believes humanity and mutants can coexist, Magneto believes a war is coming, which he intends to fight and win.[20][21] The Bryan Singer-directed X-Men was released on July 14, 2000, with the team roster of Professor X (Patrick Stewart), Cyclops (James Marsden), Wolverine (Hugh Jackman), Storm (Halle Berry) and Jean Grey (Famke Janssen).[22][23] Singer returned for the sequel X2 released on May 2, 2003, with Rogue (Anna Paquin), Iceman (Shawn Ashmore), and Nightcrawler (Alan Cumming) joining the team. Singer was replaced by Brett Ratner for X-Men: The Last Stand, released on May 26, 2006, with Beast (Kelsey Grammer), Angel (Ben Foster), Shadowcat (Elliot Page) and Colossus (Daniel Cudmore) joining.[24][25] Critics praised Singer's films for their dark, realistic tone, and their focus on prejudice as a subtext. Although Ratner's film was met with mixed reviews, it out-grossed both of its predecessors.[26]
A sequel tetralogy that served as a prequel to the original trilogy started with X-Men: First Class. Following a young Professor X (James McAvoy), Magneto (Michael Fassbender), Beast (Nicholas Hoult), Mystique (Jennifer Lawrence), Havok (Lucas Till) and Banshee (Caleb Landry Jones) as the original team, the film was directed by Matthew Vaughn and released on June 3, 2011.[27] X-Men: Days of Future Past, a sequel to both the original trilogy and X-Men: First Class, with Singer returning to direct, was released on May 23, 2014.[28][29] The film centered around the original trilogy members using time travel to gain help from their younger counterparts of the prequel tetralogy. X-Men: Apocalypse was released on May 27, 2016, with Mystique leading the team of Beast, Quicksilver (Evan Peters), Storm (Alexandra Shipp), Nightcrawler (Kodi Smit-McPhee), Cyclops (Tye Sheridan) and Jean Grey (Sophie Turner).[30][31] The tetralogy concluded with a fourth film, Dark Phoenix, written and directed by Simon Kinberg and released on June 7, 2019, and featured the same roster as Apocalypse.[32]
Three spin-off films focusing on Wolverine were also released: X-Men Origins: Wolverine, an origin story of Wolverine that was directed by Gavin Hood, was released on May 1, 2009,[33] followed by The Wolverine, directed by James Mangold and set in Japan, released on July 26, 2013. The series concluded with Logan, once again directed by Mangold and released on March 3, 2017. The film was set in 2029.[34]
Two further spin-offs centering around Deadpool were released in 2016 and 2018. Deadpool, which features Colossus (Andre Tricoteux and voiced by Stefan Kapičić) and his X-Men trainee Negasonic Teenage Warhead (Brianna Hildebrand) was released on February 12, 2016, while Deadpool 2 was released on May 18, 2018, with returning X-Men members Colossus and Negasonic Teenage Warhead and new member Yukio (Shiori Kutsuna) helping Deadpool (Ryan Reynolds) as a X-Men trainee. The film also features cameo appearances of Professor X, Cyclops, Quicksilver, Storm, Nightcrawler and Beast from the sequel tetralogy.[35] An adaptation of X-Force was also in development at 20th Century Fox, with Jeff Wadlow writing and Drew Goddard directing.[36]
Another spin-off and the final film of the 20th Century Fox franchise, The New Mutants, was released on August 28, 2020, directed by Josh Boone, who also co-wrote the screenplay with Knate Gwaltney.[37]
Marvel Studios launched the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) in 2008, focused on the Avengers and their related characters, whose film rights they still owned. Marvel was then bought by Disney in 2009, but could not use the X-Men or other mutants, as their film rights still resided with 20th Century Fox. However, an alternate version of the post-credits scene in Iron Man (2008) had him specifically mention "assorted mutants" in regards to the larger universe he and Tony Stark were a part of.[38][39] Quicksilver and the Scarlet Witch were an odd case, as they had strong ties with both the Avengers and the X-Men. The studios negotiated a deal so that they could share the characters' film rights on the stipulation Marvel Studios would be unable to make reference to their background as mutants or as Magneto's children, and that 20th Century Fox could not allude to their history as Avengers members. While Pietro Maximoff / Quicksilver would only appear in two MCU films: Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014) and Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Wanda Maximoff / Scarlet Witch would go on to become a semi-regular character, appearing in six films in the franchise in addition to headlining her own eponymously titled television series.[40] On December 14, 2017, Disney announced its intent to acquire 21st Century Fox's film and television studios, which would thereby result in the film rights to the X-Men and associated characters reverting to Marvel Studios.[41] Disney CEO Bob Iger later confirmed that the X-Men would be integrated into the MCU alongside the Fantastic Four, Silver Surfer and Deadpool.[42][43] The acquisition was completed on March 20, 2019.
After the deal, Charles Xavier / Professor X became the first mutant character to appear in the MCU, with Patrick Stewart reprising his role from the Fox film series. He appeared in the film Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness (2022) as an alternate version of Professor X from Earth-838, and as the leader of the Illuminati of this universe, alongside its other members meeting Doctor Strange and putting him for trial due to his travel in the Multiverse. He is later killed by Scarlet Witch of Earth-616 while rescuing her alternate version of Earth-838. Later that year, the MCU streaming series Ms. Marvel also made reference to the X-Men; in the series finale "No Normal", Kamala Khan is told by her friend Bruno that her genetics have a "mutation", underscored by an excerpt of the theme music from the 1992 X-Men series.[44] Later, in the MCU streaming series She-Hulk: Attorney at Law episode "Superhuman Law", Wolverine gets mentioned in a news article on a blog site browsed by Jennifer Walters which alludes to a man with metal claws fighting in a bar brawl. Additionally, the end-credits of the episode "Mean, Green, and Straight Poured into These Jeans" depicts a graphic of Augustus Pugliese showing off his sneaker collection to Nikki Ramos, a pair of which are directly inspired by the color scheme of Wolverine's classic costume and the team gets mentioned by Jennifer in the season finale episode "Whose Show Is This?". In the mid-credits scene of the film The Marvels (2023), Monica Rambeau meets an alternate version of Hank McCoy / Beast after she enters a portal into a parallel universe. Kelsey Grammer reprises the role from Fox's X-Men films.[45]
Deadpool & Wolverine has begun filming as the fourth entry in Phase Five, with Shawn Levy directing and Reynolds reprising his role.[46][47] Hugh Jackman, Kapičić, Hildebrand, and Kutsuna are set to reprise their roles as Wolverine, Colossus, Negasonic Teenage Warhead, and Yukio, respectively.[48][49][50] The film is set for release on July 26, 2024.[51]
On July 20, 2019, during the San Diego Comic Con, Marvel Studios head Kevin Feige announced that a film centered on mutants, which will be set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, is in development.[52] When asked if the film will be X-Men-titled, Feige said that the terms "X-Men" and "Mutants" are interchangeable, and said that the MCU's take on the franchise will differ from 20th Century Fox's.[53] In 2023, after the end of the 2023 Writers Guild of America strike, Marvel Studios was reported to be planning to meet with potential writers for a new X-Men film later that fall.[54]
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Main article: List of X-Men video games |
The first X-Men video game was released by Josh Toevs and LJN for the Nintendo Entertainment System and was titled The Uncanny X-Men.[55][56] That same year (1989) a computer game was released called X-Men: Madness in Murderworld. Another title, X-Men II: The Fall of the Mutants was released the year after.[57]
Konami created an X-Men arcade game in 1992, which featured six playable X-Men characters: Colossus, Cyclops, Dazzler, Nightcrawler, Storm and Wolverine.[58][59]
In 1992, the X-Men teamed with Spider-Man for Spider-Man and the X-Men in Arcade's Revenge, released for the Super NES, Genesis, Game Gear and Game Boy.[57][59]
The following years saw the games X-Men: Gamesmaster's Legacy and X-Men: Mojo World released for the Sega Game Gear.[60][59]
The X-Men made a few appearances in Spider-Man 2: Enter Electro. Professor X and Rogue run a Danger Room simulation for the player to train in. Beast appears in the first level to demonstrate the controller functions to the player.[61]
In the 1990s, Sega released two X-Men video games for its Genesis; X-Men and X-Men 2: Clone Wars.[58][62] Wolverine starred in a solo game in 1994 for both the Super NES and Genesis titled Wolverine: Adamantium Rage.[63] That same year, the X-Men appeared in the X-Men: Mutant Apocalypse game for the Super NES.[62][59]
X2: Wolverine's Revenge was a stealth-action game for the sixth generation of video games starring Wolverine as the only playable character. It was released on April 14, 2003, produced by Marvel Games, Gene Pool, Activision and was released by 20th Century Fox, on PlayStation 2, GameCube, Xbox, Microsoft Windows and Game Boy Advance.[63]
The X-Men are featured in many 2-D and 3-D fighting games.
In order of release:
To coincide with the release of the third film, 20th Century Fox, Activision, and Marvel Games released X-Men: The Official Game which filled in gaps between the two Fox X-Men films X2: X-Men United and X-Men: The Last Stand, such as explaining Nightcrawler's absence.[63]
X-Men Legends and its sequel X-Men Legends II: Rise of Apocalypse are games that featured multiple X-Men as playable characters.[59]
Every installment of Marvel: Ultimate Alliance has featured the X-Men as one of the numerous playable characters:
Deadpool, Iceman, Storm, and Wolverine are playable in the major Marvel video game, Marvel: Ultimate Alliance. Colossus is playable on the Xbox 360, Wii and PS3 versions of the game, and Jean Grey is playable on the GBA version. Cyclops, Jean Grey, Nightcrawler, Professor X, and Psylocke appear as NPC's on all versions while the Beast, Forge, Karma and Dr. Moira MacTaggert were mentioned by different characters. In addition, during a cut-scene, the Beast, Colossus, Cyclops, Gambit, Magneto, Professor Xavier, Psylocke, and Shadowcat were seen defeated by Doctor Doom alongside the Hulk. Xbox 360 owners were later able to download eight new playable characters for the game, including X-Men heroes and villains: Cyclops, Magneto, Nightcrawler and Sabretooth.[69][70]
In Marvel: Ultimate Alliance 2, Wolverine, Deadpool, Iceman, Storm, Gambit, and Jean Grey are featured as playable characters while Cyclops and Psylocke are exclusive to PS2, PSP and Wii. While Colossus appears as an NPC. In the briefing that follows the Wakanda incident, Captain America and Iron Man mention that the other X-Men members have been absorbed into The Fold. Psylocke, Cable, Magneto and the Juggernaut were later added as downloadable characters for Marvel: Ultimate Alliance 2.[71][72]
Wolverine, Storm, Nightcrawler, Psylocke, Deadpool, and Magneto appear as playable characters in Marvel Ultimate Alliance 3: The Black Order, while Mystique and Juggernaut appear as bosses. Cyclops, Colossus, the Beast, and Professor X appear on a portrait in the X-Mansion when Magneto attacks it in the X-Men trailer; the former two are playable DLC characters while the other two also appear as non-playable helper characters.[73]
Science of the X-Men by Linc Yaco and Karen Haber explains how different superpowers would work and how such abilities would affect the people that have them. The mutants featured include Quicksilver, Wolverine, Shadowcat, and Nightcrawler.[74]
Several X-Men novels have been published.[75]
| Title | Author | Publisher | ISBN | Release Date | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Marvel Superheroes | Len Wein Marv Wolfman (editors) |
Pocket Books | 0671820915 / 9780671820916 | August 1979 | Pocket Books series (1978–1979) #9; short story collection; includes stories featuring the Avengers, Daredevil, the X-Men, and the Hulk. |
| X-Men: Cyclops and Phoenix | Paul Mantell Avery Hart |
Random House | 0679876596 / 9780679876595 | October 1995 | Young adult novel; "based on comics by Scott Lobdell" |
| X-Men: Sabretooth Unleashed | Vicki Kamida | Random House | 0679876618 / 9780679876618 | October 1995 | Young adult novel; "based on comics by Larry Hama and Fabian Nicieza" |
| X-Men: Mutant Empire Book One: Siege | Christopher Golden | Berkley Boulevard/BPMC | 1572971142 / 9781572971141 | May 1996 | First in Mutant Empire trilogy; is followed by Mutant Empire Book Two: Sanctuary |
| The Ultimate X-Men | Stan Lee (editor) | Berkley Boulevard/BPMC | 1572972173 / 9781572972179 | October 1996 | Short story collection |
| X-Men: Mutant Empire Book Two: Sanctuary | Christopher Golden | Berkley Boulevard/BPMC | 1572971800 / 9781572971806 | November 1996 | Second in Mutant Empire trilogy; is followed by Mutant Empire Book Three: Salvation |
| X-Men: Mutant Empire Book Three: Salvation | Christopher Golden | Berkley Boulevard/BPMC | 1572972475 / 9781572972476 | May 1997 | Third in Mutant Empire trilogy |
| Generation X | Scott Lobdell Elliot S. Maggin |
Berkley Boulevard/BPMC | 1572972238 / 9781572972230 | June 1997 | |
| X-Men: Smoke and Mirrors | Eluki Bes Shahar | Berkley Boulevard/BPMC | 1572972912 / 9781572972919 | September 1997 | |
| X-Men: Empire's End | Diane Duane | Putnam/BPMC (hardback); Berkley Boulevard/BPMC (paperback) | 0399143343 / 9780399143342 (hardback); 0425164489 9780425164488 (paperback) |
October 1997 (hardback) September 1998 (paperback) |
|
| X-Men: The Jewels of Cyttorak | Dean Wesley Smith | Berkley Boulevard/BPMC | 1572973293 / 9781572973299 | December 1997 | |
| X-Men: Law of the Jungle | Dave Smeds | Berkley Boulevard/BPMC | 0425164861 / 9780425164860 | March 1998 | |
| X-Men: Prisoner X | Ann Nocenti | Berkley Boulevard/BPMC | 0425164934 / 9780425164938 | May 1998 | |
| Star Trek: The Next Generation/X-Men: Planet X | Michael Jan Friedman | Pocket Books | 0671019163 / 9780671019167 | May 1998 | One of three separate crossovers between Marvel (all three featuring the X-Men) and Star Trek (the other two in the comics); Marvel at the time was publishing Star Trek comics (1996–1998) |
| X-Men and Spider-Man: Time's Arrow Book 1: The Past | Tom DeFalco Jason Henderson |
Berkley Boulevard/BPMC | 0425164527 / 9780425164525 | July 1998 | First in Time's Arrow trilogy; is followed by Time's Arrow Book 2: The Present |
| X-Men and Spider-Man: Time's Arrow Book 2: The Present | Tom DeFalco Adam-Troy Castro |
Berkley Boulevard/BPMC | 0425164152 / 9780425164150 | August 1998 | Second in Time's Arrow trilogy; is followed by Time's Arrow Book 3: The Future |
| X-Men and Spider-Man: Time's Arrow Book 3: The Future | Tom DeFalco Eluki Bes Shahar |
Berkley Boulevard/BPMC | 0425165000 / 9780425165003 | September 1998 | Third in Time's Arrow trilogy |
| X-Men: Codename Wolverine | Christopher Golden | Putnam/BPMC (hardback); Berkley Boulevard/BPMC (paperback) | 0399144501 / 9780399144509 (hardback); 0425171116 9780425171110 (paperback) |
October 1998 (hardback); May 2000 (paperback) | |
| Generation X: Crossroads | J. Steven York | Berkley Boulevard/BPMC | 0425166317 / 9780425166314 | November 1998 | |
| X-Men: Soul Killer | Richard Lee Byers | Berkley Boulevard/BPMC | 0425167372 / 9780425167373 | February 1999 | |
| X-Men and the Avengers: Gamma Quest Book 1: Lost and Found | Greg Cox | Berkley Boulevard/BPMC | 0425169731 / 9780425169735 | July 1999 | First in Gamma Quest trilogy; is followed by Gamma Quest Book 2: Search and Rescue |
| X-Men and the Avengers: Gamma Quest Book 2: Search and Rescue | Greg Cox | Berkley Boulevard/BPMC | 0425169898 / 9780425169896 | August 1999 | Second in Gamma Quest trilogy; is followed by Gamma Quest Book 3: Friend or Foe? |
| X-Men and the Avengers: Gamma Quest Book 2: Friend or Foe? | Greg Cox | Berkley Boulevard | 0425170381 / 9780425170380 | June 2000 | Third in Gamma Quest trilogy |
| X-Men Legends | Stan Lee (editor) | Berkley Boulevard | 0425170829 / 9780425170823 | June 2000 | Short story collection |
| X-Men: Shadows of the Past | Michael Jan Friedman | BP Books/iBooks | 0743400186 / 9780743400183 (hardback); 074342378X / 978-0743423786 (paperback) | June 2000 (hardback) June 2001 (paperback) |
|
| X-Men | Kristine Kathryn Rusch, Dean Wesley Smith | Del Rey | 0345440951 / 9780345440952 | June 2000 | Novelization of 2000 X-Men movie |
| X-Men/Doctor Doom: The Chaos Engine Book One | Steven A. Roman | BP Books/iBooks | 0613950569 / 978-0613950565 (hardback); 0743400194 9780743400190 (paperback) 0743434838 / 9780743434836 (paperback) |
July 2000 (hardback); July 2000 (paperback); August 2001 (paperback) | First in Chaos Engine trilogy; is followed by X-Men/Magneto: The Chaos Engine Book Two |
| X-Men/Magneto: The Chaos Engine Book Two | Steven A. Roman | BP Books/iBooks | 0613950569 / 9780613950565 (hardback) 0743400232 / 9780743400237 (paperback) 0743445465 / 9780743445467 (paperback) |
July 2000 (hardback); January 2002 (paperback); December 2002 (paperback) | Second in Chaos Engine trilogy; is followed by X-Men/Red Skull: The Chaos Engine Book Three |
| Five Decades of the X-Men | Stan Lee (editor) | BP Books/iBooks | 0743435001 / 9780743435000 (paperback); 0743475011 / 9780743475013 (paperback) | March 2002 (paperback); April 2003 (paperback) | Short story collection |
| X-Men: The Legacy Quest Book One | Steve Lyons | BP Books/iBooks | 074344468X / 9780743444682 (paperback); 0743458486 / 9780743458481 (paperback) | June 2002 (paperback); April 2003 (paperback) | First in The Legacy Quest trilogy; is followed by The Legacy Quest Book Two |
| X-Men: The Legacy Quest Book Two | Steve Lyons | BP Books/iBooks | 0743452437 / 9780743452434 (paperback) 0743474449 / 9780743474443 (paperback) |
July 2002 (paperback); April 2003 (paperback) | Second in The Legacy Quest trilogy; is followed by The Legacy Quest Book Three |
| X-Men: The Legacy Quest Book Three | Steve Lyons | BP Books/iBooks | 0743452666 / 9780743452663 (paperback) 0743475194 / 9780743475198 (paperback) |
October 2002 (paperback); September 2003 (paperback) | Third in The Legacy Quest trilogy |
| X-Men/Red Skull: The Chaos Engine Book Three | Steven A. Roman | BP Books/iBooks | 0743452801 / 9780743452809 (paperback); 0743479580 / 9780743479585 (paperback) | December 2002 (paperback); October 2003 (paperback) | Third in Chaos Engine trilogy |
| X-Men 2 | Chris Claremont | Del Rey | 0345461967 / 9780345461964 | March 2003 | Novelization of 2003 X-Men 2 movie |
| Wolverine: Weapon X | Marc Cerasini | Marvel (hardback); Pocket Books (paperback) | 0785116052 / 9780785116059 (hardback) 141652164X / 9781416521648 (paperback) |
November 2004 (hardback); October 2005 (paperback) | Short lived attempt by Marvel to publish their licensed novels under their own imprint; lasted just this one hardcover release |
| The X-Men: Dark Mirror | Marjorie M. Liu | Pocket Books | 141651063X / 9781416510635 | December 2005 | |
| The X-Men: Watchers on the Walls | Christopher L. Bennett | Pocket Books | 1416510672 / 9781416510673 | April 2006 | |
| X-Men: The Last Stand | Chris Claremont | Del Rey | 0345492110 / 9780345492111 | May 2006 | Novelization of 2006 X-Men: The Last Stand movie |
| Wolverine: Road of Bones | David Mack | Pocket Books | 1416510699 / 978-1416510697 | October 2006 | |
| Wolverine: Lifeblood | Hugh Matthews | Pocket Books | 1416510737 / 978-1416510734 | February 2007 | |
| X-Men: The Return | Chris Roberson | Pocket Books | 1416510753 / 9781416510758 | April 2007 | |
| Wolverine: Violent Tendencies | Marc Cerasini | Pocket Books | 1416510745 / 9781416510741 | October 2007 | |
| Astonishing X-Men: Gifted | Peter David | Marvel | September 12, 2012 | Novelization and adaption of the 2004 comic book story arc Gifted within the Astonishing X-Men ongoing series originally written by Joss Whedon. | |
| X-Men: Days of Future Past | Alex Irvine | Marvel | 978-1-302-48954-0 | May 17, 2016 | Novelization and adaption from the 1980 comic book story arc by Chris Claremont and John Bryne |
| X-Men: The Dark Phoenix Saga | Stuart Moore | Titan Books | 9781789090628 / 9781789090635 | May 14, 2019 | Novelization and adaption from the comic book story arc by Chris Claremont, John Bryne, and Dave Cockrum |
The brand did $85 million in merch sales in 1994.[76]
