Hazaribagh district is spread over a part of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. The central plateau, averaging a height of 2,000 ft (610 m), occupies the central part of the district. On all sides, except on the western side, it is surrounded by the lower plateau, averaging a height of 1,300 ft (396 m), the surface being undulating. In the north and the north-west the lower plateau forms a fairly level tableland till the ghats, when the height drops to about 700 ft (213 m) and slopes down gradually. The Damodar and the Barakar form the two main watersheds in the district. DVC has constructed the Konar Dam across the Konar River. It is a forested district with cultivation as the main occupation of the people. Coal is the main mineral found in this district. China clay is also found in this district.[1][2][3] Inaugurating the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana in 2016, Raghubar Das, Chief Minister of Jharkhand, had indicated that there were 23 lakhBPL families in Jharkhand.[4] There was a plan to bring the BPL proportion in the total population down to 35%.[5]
Maoist activities
Right from its inception in 2000. Jharkhand was a “laboratory” for Naxalites to experiment with their ideas of establishing a parallel government. As of 2005, 16 of the 22 districts in the state, including Hazaribagh district, was transformed into a “guerrilla zone”. The movement was not restricted to armed operations but included kangaroo courts called Jan adalats, elected village bodies and people's police.[6] Jharkhand, with a dense forest cover over a large part of the state, offers a favourable terrain for the Naxalites to build their bases and operate. Annual fatalities in Jharkhand were 117 in 2003 and 150 in 2004.[7] In 2013 Jharkhand was considered one of the two states in the country most affected by Left wing extremism and Jharkhand police set up an exclusive cell to deal with Maoist activities.[8] However, in the same year, when Jharkhand police identified 13 focus areas for combating Maoist extremism, Hazaribagh district was not one of them.[9]
Barhi CD Block is bounded by Chandwara CD block, in Koderma district, on the north, Barkatha CD block on the east, Ichak and Padma CD blocks, on the south and Mayurhand CD block, in Chatra district, and Chauparan CD block on the west.[11][12]
According to the 2011 Census of India, Barhi CD block had a total population of 131,660, of which 111,544 were rural and 20,125 were urban. There were 67,918 (52%) males and 63,751 (48%) females. Population in the age range 0-6 years was 23,612. Scheduled Castes numbered 22,696 (17.24%) and Scheduled Tribes numbered 3,513 (2.67%).[16]
Census towns in Barhi CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Barhi (11,867) and Konra (8,258).[16]
Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Barhi CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Gauria Karma (5,964), Rasoia Dhamna (5,065), Nagar Barsot (5,974) and Dhanwar (4,345).[16]
Literacy
As of 2011[update] census, the total number of literate persons in Barhi CD block was 73,904 (68.39% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 44,398 (79.87% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 29,506 (56.23% of the female population over 6 years). The gender disparity (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 23.64%.[16]
As of 2011[update] census, literacy in Hazaribagh district was 70.48%. Literacy in Jharkhand was 67.63% in 2011.[19] Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%.[20][21]
At the time of the 2011 census, 55.92% of the population spoke Khortha, 31.59% Hindi, 4.91% Urdu, 4.78% Maithili and 1.54% Santali as their first language.[23]
Rural poverty
40-50% of the population of Hazaribagh district were in the BPL category in 2004–2005, being in the same category as Godda, Giridih and Koderma districts.[24] Rural poverty in Jharkhand declined from 66% in 1993–94 to 46% in 2004–05. In 2011, it has come down to 39.1%.[25]
Economy
Livelihood
Livelihood in Barhi CD block
Cultivators (45.62%)
Agricultural labourers (21.03%)
Household industries (1.96%)
Other Workers (31.40%)
In Barhi CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 23,152 and formed 45.62%, agricultural labourers numbered 10,673 and formed 21.03%, household industry workers numbered 995 and formed 1.96% and other workers numbered 15,935 and formed 33.40%. Total workers numbered 50,755 and formed 38.55% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 80,914 and formed 61.45% of the population.[26]
Note: In the census records, a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the Factories Act. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.[27]
Infrastructure
There are 100 inhabited villages in Barhi CD block. In 2011, 83 villages had power supply. 7 villages had tap water (treated/ untreated), 23 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 98 villages had hand pumps, and all villages had drinking water facility. 7 villages had post offices, 5 villages had sub post offices, 13 villages had telephones (land lines) and 73 villages had mobile phone coverage. 97 villages had pucca (hard top) village roads, 20 villages had bus service (public/ private), 10 villages had autos/ modified autos, and 46 villages had tractors. 10 villages had bank branches, 21 villages had agricultural credit societies, no village had cinema/ video hall, no village had public library and public reading room. 31 villages had public distribution system, 6 villages had weekly haat (market) and 43 villages had assemblypolling stations.[28]
Forestry and agriculture
The main occupation of the people of Hazaribagh district is cultivation. While forests occupy around 45% of the total area, the cultivable area forms about 39% of the total area. The forests are uniformly spread across the district. Sal is the predominant species in the jungles. Other species are: bamboo, khair, sali, semal, mahua, tamarind, mango, black-berry (jamun), peepal, karnaj, jack-fruit, margosa (neem), kusum, palas, kend, asan, piar and bhelwa (?Semecarpus anacardium). Hazaribag Wildlife Sanctuary is located around 19 km north of Hazaribag. Irrigation facilities in this hilly area are inadequate and generally farmers depend on rain for their cultivation. The land situated along the river banks, or low land, is fertile but the uplands are generally barren. May to October is Kharif season, followed by Rabi season. Rice is the main crop of the district. Other important crops grown are: bazra, maize, pulses (mainly arhar and gram) and oilseeds. Limited quantities of cash crops, such as sugar cane, are grown.[29]
Backward Regions Grant Fund
Hazaribagh district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the Backward Regions Grant Fund. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 21 districts of Jharkhand.[30][31]
The 79.7 km long first stage railway project from Koderma to Hazaribagh costing ₹ 936 crore was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 20 February 2015. The railway line passes through the Barhi CD Block and there is a station at Barhi.[33]
Education
In 2011, amongst the 100 inhabited villages in Barhi CD Block, 25 villages had no primary school, 64 villages had one primary school and 11 villages had more than one primary school. 32 villages had at least one primary school and one middle school. 9 villages had at least one middle school and one secondary school.[34]
RNYM College, a degree college, established at Barhi in 1985, is affiliated to Vinoba Bhave University. It offers courses in arts and commerce.[35][36]
There is a special institution in this CD block. Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya was established at Nagar Barsot in 2006. It offers arts and commerce courses in classes XI and XII. No fees are payable.[37] The Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya scheme was launched in 2004 by the Government of India for setting up of upper primary level residential schools for girls belonging to Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes, minority communities and families below the poverty line in educationally backward blocks where rural female literacy was low and the gender gap in literacy was high.[38]
Healthcare
In 2011, amongst the 100 inhabited villages in Barhi CD block, 6 villages had primary health centres, 14 villages had primary health sub-centres, 2 villages had maternity and child welfare centres, 2 villages had allopathic hospitals, 3 villages had alternative medicine hospitals, 4 villages had dispensaries, 7 villages had medicine shops and 73 villages had no medical facilities.[39]
^"Rural Poverty in Jharkhad, India"(PDF). Table I: Spatial Distribution of Poverty in Jharkhand. Munich Personal RePEc Archive. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
India
