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((Short description|Universal symbol of Buddhism))
((Use dmy dates|date=June 2021))
[[File:Flag of Buddhism.svg|thumb|200px|right|Buddhist flag]]
[[File:(October 2021) Wat Hiranyawat (Temple of the Woven Buddha) วัดหิรัญญาวาส (วัดพระสาน แม่สาย) - img 05.jpg|thumb|The Buddhist flag alongside [[Dharmachakra]] flags (Thai Buddhist flag) and [[Thai flag]]s in ((ill|Wat Hiranyawat|th|วัดหิรัญญาวาส (จังหวัดเชียงราย))), [[Thailand]]]]
The '''Buddhist flag''' is a [[flag]] designed in the late 19th century as a universal symbol of [[Buddhism]].<ref name="queensland">((cite web|title=The Origin and Meaning of the Buddhist Flag|url=http://buddhistcouncilofqueensland.org/node/143|publisher=The Buddhist Council of Queensland|access-date=2 April 2015))</ref> It is used by Buddhists throughout the world.<ref name="queensland"/>

==History==
[[File:Buddhist flag at Nan Tien Temple.jpg|thumb|The Buddhist flag flying at the [[Nan Tien Temple]], [[Wollongong]], [[Australia]]]]
[[File:BuddhistflagsID.jpg|thumb|The Buddhist flag, flying together alongside the [[Flag of Indonesia]] and [[Tzu Chi]]'s organizational flag, at [[Tzu Chi School]] in [[Pantai Indah Kapuk]], [[North Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]]]]
The flag was originally designed in 1885 by the Colombo Committee, in [[Colombo]], [[British Ceylon|Ceylon]] (''now [[Sri Lanka]]''). The committee consisted of [[Venerable (Buddhism)|Ven.]] [[Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Thera]] (chairman), Ven. [[Migettuwatte Gunananda Thera]], [[Don Carolis Hewavitharana]] (father of [[Anagarika Dharmapala]]), [[Andiris Perera Dharmagunawardhana]] (maternal grandfather of Anagarika Dharmapala), [[Charles A. de Silva]], [[Peter De Abrew]], William De Abrew (father of Peter), [[H. William Fernando]], [[N. S. Fernando]] and [[Carolis Pujitha Gunawardena]] (secretary).<ref name="bodhi">((cite book|title=The Maha Bodhi, Volumes 98–99; Volumes 1891–1991|publisher=[[Maha Bodhi Society]]|page=286|year=1892))</ref>

It was first publicly hoisted on [[Vesak]] day, 28 May 1885<ref name="queensland"/> at the Dipaduttamarama, [[Kotahena]], by Ven. Migettuwatte Gunananda Thera.<ref name="Lopez">((cite book|last=Lopez|first=Donald S. Jr.|author-link=Donald S. Lopez, Jr.|title=A Modern Buddhist Bible: Essential Readings from East and West|publisher=Beacon Press|year=2002|page=xiv|isbn=9780807012437))</ref> This was the first Vesak public holiday under [[British Empire|British]] rule.<ref name="Lopez"/>

Colonel [[Henry Steel Olcott]], an American journalist, founder and first president of the [[Theosophical Society]], felt that its long streaming shape made it inconvenient for general use. He therefore suggested modifying it so that it was the size and shape of [[national flags]].<ref name="queensland"/>

In 1889, the modified flag was introduced to Japan by Anagarika Dharmapala and Olcott—who presented it to [[Emperor Meiji]]—and subsequently to [[Burma]].<ref>((cite web|title=Buddhist flag marks 125th anniversary|url=http://www.buddhistchannel.tv/index.php?id=43,9162,0,0,1,0|publisher=[[Sunday Observer (Sri Lanka)|Sunday Observer]]|date=16 March 2010|access-date=8 November 2018))</ref>

At the 1950 [[World Fellowship of Buddhists]], the flag of Buddhists was adopted as the International Buddhist Flag.<ref name="dk">((cite book|last=Wilkinson|first=Phillip|title=DK Eyewitness Books: Buddhism|publisher=[[Penguin Putnam]]|year=2003|page=64|isbn=9781782682875))</ref>

==Colors==
The flag's six vertical bands represent the [[Prabashvara|six colors]] of the [[aura (paranormal)|aura]] which Buddhists believe emanated from the body of the [[Gautama Buddha|Buddha]] when he attained [[Bodhi|Enlightenment]]:<ref>((cite web|title=The Buddhist Flag|url=http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/history/b_flag.htm|publisher=Buddhanet|access-date=2 April 2015))</ref><ref name="queensland"/>

* Blue (Pāli and Sanskrit: ''nīla''): The Spirit of Universal Compassion
* Yellow (Pāli and Sanskrit: ''pīta''): The [[Middle Way]]
* Red (Pāli and Sanskrit: ''lohitaka''): The Blessings of Practice – achievement, wisdom, virtue, fortune and dignity
* White (((Lang-pi|odāta)); ((Lang-sa|avadāta))): The Purity of [[Dharma|Dhamma]] – leading to liberation, timeless
* Orange (((Lang-pi|mañjeṭṭha|links=no)); ((Lang-sa|mañjiṣṭhā|links=no))), alternatively scarlet: The Wisdom of the Buddha's teachings

The sixth vertical band, on the fly, is made up of a combination of the five other colors' rectangular bands, and represents a compound of said colors in the aura's [[spectrum]]. This new, compound color is referred to as the Truth of the Buddha's teaching or ''[[Prabashvara|Pabbhassara]] ''(((Literal translation|essence of light))).

==Variants==
((more citations needed section|date=October 2018))
((multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| header = 
| header_align = left/right/center
| footer = 
| footer_align = left
| image1 = Sectarian Buddhist flag.jpg
| width1 = 135
| caption1 = The variant Japanese flag in Kyoto((Citation needed|date=October 2018))
| image2 = วัดพระธาตุดอยเขาควายแก้ว Chiang Rai 02.jpg
| width2 = 135
| caption2 = The Dharmacakra flag, symbol of Buddhism in Thailand((Citation needed|date=October 2018))
))

* The colour ''mañjeṭṭha'' is interpreted as pink<ref>((cite book |title=သာသနာ့အလံတော် |author=အရှင်စန္ဒောဘာသ(ရွှေဘို)
|orig-date=1357 [[Burmese calendar|ME]] |publisher=ရွှေပုရပိုက်စာပေ |language=my
|url=https://spsuygn.edu.mm/book/bdhhgen-81/detail))</ref> in [[Myanmar]], a [[Buddhism in Myanmar|Theravāda Buddhist country]].
* In Japan, there is a traditional Buddhist flag ([[:ja:五色幕|五色幕]] — ''goshikimaku'') which has different colors but is sometimes merged with the design of the international flag to represent international cooperation.((Citation needed|date=October 2018))
* In [[Tibet]], the stripes' colors represent the different colors of Buddhist robes comprehensively united in one banner. Tibetan monastic robes are maroon, so the orange stripes in the original design are often replaced with maroon.((Citation needed|date=October 2018))
* Tibetan Buddhists in [[Nepal]] replace the orange stripes with plum stripes.((Citation needed|date=October 2018))
* Theravāda Buddhists in [[Thailand]] opt for the usage of a yellow flag with a red [[Dharmachakra|dhammacakka]] (ธงธรรมจักร - ''thong thammajak''); it is sometimes paired with the international Buddhist flag. It was officially adopted in 1958 by Buddhist monks, and flown outside temples alongside the national flag and on important events.((Citation needed|date=October 2018))
* [[Soka Gakkai]] uses a tricolor of blue, yellow, and red.<ref>((cite web |title=Flags of the World: Buddhism|url=http://flagspot.net/flags/buddhism.html |access-date=2008-09-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080924075754/http://flagspot.net/flags/buddhism.html |archive-date=24 September 2008 ))</ref> It is often mistaken for the flags of [[Flag of Chad|Chad]] and [[Flag of Romania|Romania]].
<gallery>
File:Sasana Flag – Buddhist flag in Myanmar.png|Burmese Buddhist flag
File:Tibetan buddhist flag.svg|Tibetan Buddhist flag
File:Nepal Buddhist flag.svg|Nepalese Buddhist flag
File:Japanese Buddhist flag.svg|((nihongo|Japanese Buddhist flag|五色幕|goshikimaku))
File:Buddhist flag with Dharma wheel.svg|A common variant with the [[dharmachakra]]
File:Lao buddhist flag.svg|Laotian Buddhist flag
File:Dharmacakra flag (Thailand).svg|Thai Buddhist flag (i.e. the [[Dharmachakra|dhammacakka]] flag, ((lang|th|ธงธรรมจักร)), ((transl|th|Thong Dhammacak)))
File:Red swastika flag.svg|Korean Buddhist [[swastika]] flag
File:Flagkarmapa.svg|[[Karma Kagyu]] flag ([[Rangjung Rigpe Dorje, 16th Karmapa]]'s "dream flag").
File:Sanshokuki.svg|The flag of the [[Soka Gakkai]] movement
File:Soka_Gakkai_International_Flag.gif|The flag of Soka Gakkai International
</gallery>

== Bans ==
((main|Huế Phật Đản shootings))

In 1963, the Catholic President of [[South Vietnam]] [[Ngo Dinh Diem]] invoked a law prohibiting flags other than that of the nation, to ban the Buddhist flag from being flown on [[Vesak]], when [[Flag of Vatican City|Vatican flags]] had habitually flown at government events. This led to protests, which were ended by lethal firing of weapons, starting the [[Buddhist crisis]].<ref>((Cite book|title=Renovating politics in contemporary Vietnam|last=Zachary.|first=Abuza|date=2001|publisher=L. Rienner Publishers|isbn=1588261778|location=Boulder|oclc=65180894|page=191))</ref>

==See also==

* [[Bhagwa Dhwaj]]

* [[Dhvaja]], banner-like flag in Sanskrit & Hinduism with a peculiar long flowing frontal tail

* [[Jain flag]]

* [[Nishan Sahib]], Sikh flag

==References==
((reflist))

==External links==
((commons))
((Portal|Religion))
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071216190601/https://www.fotw.info/flags/buddhism.html Buddhist flag] at [[Flags of the World (website)|Flags of the World]]
* [http://viewonbuddhism.org/general_symbols_buddhism.html General Buddhist symbols]

((Buddhism topics))

((authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Buddhist Flag))
[[Category:Rainbow flags]]
[[Category:Buddhist symbols]]
[[Category:Religious flags]]
[[Category:Symbols introduced in the 1800s]]
[[Category:1885 establishments in Ceylon]]
[[Category:Flags introduced in 1885]]

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