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((short description|Part of the Serbian Revolution))
((Infobox military conflict
| conflict          = First Serbian Uprising
| partof            = the [[Serbian Revolution]]
| image             = Osvajanje Beograda.jpg
| image_size        = 325px
| caption           = ''[[The Conquest of Belgrade]]'' <br /> by [[Katarina Ivanović]]
| date              = 14 February 1804 – 7 October 1813<br>(((Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=02|day1=14|year1=1804|month2=10|day2=07|year2=1813)))
| place             = [[Pashalik of Belgrade]], parts of the [[Sanjak of Vidin]]
| result            = Ottoman victory<br />(see [[First Serbian Uprising#Aftermath|Aftermath section]])
| combatant1        = ((flag|Revolutionary Serbia)) <br> '''Supported by:''' <br>((flag|Russian Empire)) (1807–1812)<br/>
| combatant2        = ((Plainlist |
*[[Dahije]] (1804)
))
----
''From 1805'':<br />
((flagicon|Ottoman Empire|1793)) [[Ottoman Empire]]
----
''From 1813'':<br />
*((flag|Wallachia|1812))
**[[File:Caimacam of Craiova seal under Gheorghe Arghiropol, 1813.svg|12px]] [[Great Banship of Craiova]]

| commander1        = ((Plainlist |
*((flagicon|Revolutionary Serbia)) '''[[Karađorđe Petrović|Karađorđe]]'''
*((flagicon|Revolutionary Serbia)) [[Jakov Nenadović]]
*((flagicon|Revolutionary Serbia)) [[Milenko Stojković]]
*((flagicon|Revolutionary Serbia)) [[Stanoje Glavaš]]
*((flagicon|Revolutionary Serbia)) [[Hajduk Veljko]]((KIA)) 
*((flagicon|Revolutionary Serbia)) [[Miloš Obrenović]]((WIA))
*((flagicon|Revolutionary Serbia)) [[Petar Dobrnjac]]
*((flagicon|Russian Empire)) [[Mikhail Kutuzov]]
))
| commander2        = ((Plainlist |
*[[Mehmed-aga Fočić]]((KIA))
*[[Aganlija]]((KIA))
*[[Kučuk-Alija]]((KIA))
*[[Mula Jusuf]]((KIA))
))
----
((Plainlist |
* ((flagicon|Ottoman Empire|1793)) [[Hurshid Pasha]]
* ((flagicon|Ottoman Empire|1793)) [[Sulejman-paša Skopljak]]
* [[Bekir Pasha]]
* [[Osman Gradaščević]]((KIA))
* [[Ibrahim Pasha of Scutari|Ibrahim Bushati]]
*  [[Veli Pasha]]
* ((flagicon|Wallachia|1812)) [[John Caradja]]
))
| strength1         = 
| strength2         = 
| casualties1       = 
| casualties2       = 
| notes             = 
| campaignbox       = 
((Campaignbox Serbian Revolution))
))

The '''First Serbian Uprising''' (((lang-sr|Prvi srpski ustanak|italics=yes)); ((lang-sr-Cyrl|Први српски устанак)); ((lang-tr|Birinci Sırp Ayaklanması))) was an uprising of [[Serbs]] in [[Orašac (Aranđelovac)|Orašac]] against the [[Ottoman Empire]] from 14 February 1804, to 7 October 1813. The uprising began as a local revolt against the [[Dahije]], who had seized power in a coup d'état. It later evolved into a [[Wars of national liberation|war for independence]], known as the [[Serbian Revolution]], after more than three centuries of Ottoman rule and brief Austrian occupations.

In 1801, the [[Janissary]] commanders assassinated the Ottoman [[Pasha]] and took control of the [[Pashalik of Belgrade]], ruling it independently of the [[Ottoman Sultan]]. This led to a period of tyranny, during which the Janissaries suspended the rights previously granted to the Serbs by the Sultan. They also raised taxes, imposed [[forced labor|forced labour]], and made other changes that negatively affected the Serbs. In 1804, the Janissaries feared that the Sultan would use the Serbs against them, which led to the [[Slaughter of the Knezes|assassination of many Serbian chiefs]]. An assembly chose [[Karađorđe]] to lead the uprising, and the rebel army quickly defeated and took over towns throughout the sanjak, technically fighting for the Sultan. Sultan [[Selim III]], fearing their power, ordered all the [[Pashalik]]s in the region to crush them. The Serbs marched against the Ottomans and, after major victories in 1805–06, established a government and parliament that returned land to the people, abolished [[forced labor|forced labour]], and reduced taxes.

Serbia's military successes continued over the years, spurred on by the [[Russian Empire]]'s involvement in the parallel [[Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)|Russo–Turkish War]]. However, disagreements arose between Karađorđe, who sought an [[absolute monarch]]y, and other leaders who wanted to limit his power because some of his colleagues abused their privileges for personal gain. After the Russo-Ottoman War ended in 1812, the Ottoman Empire took advantage of these circumstances and reconquered Serbia in 1813. 

Although the uprising was unsuccessful, the Serbs were the first Christian population in Ottoman history to rise up against the Sultan and succeed in creating a short-lived independent state. Their uprising eventually became a symbol of the nation-building process in the Balkans and inspired unrest among neighbouring Balkan peoples.((sfn | Glenny | 2012 | p=13)) The uprising soon resumed with the [[Second Serbian Uprising]] in 1815.

== Background ==
Serbia had been under Ottoman rule since the [[Battle of Kosovo]] in 1389. Over the centuries, the Serbs experienced oppression, heavy taxation, and cultural assimilation under the [[Ottoman Empire]]. By the 18th century, the conditions for Serbs living under Ottoman rule had become increasingly harsh. In addition to high taxes, they faced discrimination and the imposition of the [[Devshirme]] system, which required Christian families to provide sons for the Ottoman military.((sfn|Jelavich|1983|p=41)) The Serbs lived in wide areas in the western Balkans; a high percentage of them, experienced fighters, had fought under their own officers in the [[Serbian Free Corps|Serbian Freicorps]] of the Austrian army. They came from the [[Sanjak of Smederevo]] (also known in historiography as the Pashalik of Belgrade), a border district containing a population of around 368,000 prior to 1804.((sfn|Jelavich|1983|p=193))  

[[Belgrade]], which was the seat of the eponymous pashalik became the second largest Ottoman city in Europe, with over 100,000 inhabitants, surpassed only by [[Constantinople]].<ref name="belgradenet-middleages">((cite web |url=http://www.belgradenet.com/belgrade_history_middle_ages.html |title=The History of Belgrade |publisher=Belgradenet.com |access-date=7 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081230032249/http://www.belgradenet.com/belgrade_history_middle_ages.html |archive-date=30 December 2008 |url-status=dead ))</ref> During the [[Austro-Turkish War (1788–1791)|Austro-Turkish War]] of 1788, the eastern [[Šumadija]] region was occupied by the Austrian-Serbian Free Corps and [[Serbian hajduks|Hajduks]], which led to the [[Habsburg-occupied Serbia (1788–1791)|occupation of most of the Sanjak of Smederevo]] by the Habsburg Monarchy (1788–1791). From 15 September to 8 October 1789, an [[Siege of Belgrade (1789)|Austrian force besieged the fortress of Belgrade]]. The Austrians held the city until 1791, when they returned it to the Ottomans under the terms of the [[Treaty of Sistova]]. The withdrawal was a disappointment for the Serbs, according to historian Theodor N. Trâpcea.((sfn|Trâpcea|1942|p=264))

After the return of the Sanjak to the Ottoman Empire, the Serbs expected reprisals from the Turks for their support of the Austrians. Sultan [[Selim III]] had entrusted the sanjaks of Smederevo and Belgrade to battle-hardened [[Janissaries]] who had fought against Christian forces during the Austro-Turkish War and other conflicts. Although Selim granted authority to the peaceful [[Hadži Mustafa Pasha]] in 1793, tensions between the Serbs and the Janissary command did not subside.<ref>''The Ottoman Empire and the Serb Uprising'', S J Shaw in The First Serbian Uprising 1804–1813 Ed W Vucinich, p. 72</ref> In 1793 and 1796, Selim issued [[firman]]s that gave the Serbs more rights. These included the collection of taxes by the ''[[obor-knez]]'' (dukes), freedom of trade and religion, and the establishment of peace. Selim also ordered the removal of some unpopular Janissaries from the Belgrade Pashalik, as he saw them as a threat to the central authority of Hadži Mustafa Pasha. Many of the Janissaries were employed by or took refuge with [[Osman Pazvantoğlu]], a renegade opponent of Selim in the [[Sanjak of Vidin]]. Pazvantoğlu launched a series of raids against the Serbs without the Sultan's permission, causing much instability and fear in the region.((sfn|Ranke|1847)) In 1793, the Serbs defeated Pazvantoğlu at the Battle of Kolari.((sfn | Paxton | 1968 | p=13)) In the summer of 1797, Mustafa Pasha was appointed by the Sultan as the [[Beglerbegi|beglerbeg]] of [[Rumelia Eyalet]]. He left Serbia for [[Plovdiv]] to fight against the Vidin rebels of Pazvantoğlu. During Mustafa Pasha's absence, Pazvantoğlu's troops captured [[Požarevac]] and besieged the [[Belgrade Fortress]].((sfn|Ćorović|2001))((sfn|Trâpcea|1942|pp=267–268)) In November 1797, the Obor knez [[Aleksa Nenadović]], [[Ilija Birčanin]] and [[Nikola Grbović]] arrived in Belgrade with their troops. They successfully forced the besieging Janissary troops to retreat to [[Smederevo]].<ref>((cite book|title=Podrinsko-kolubarski region|publisher=RNIRO "Glas Podrinja"|author=Filipović, Stanoje R.|year=1982|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UqAMAAAAIAAJ|page=60|quote=Ваљевски кнезови Алекса Ненадовић, Илија Бирчанин и Никола Грбовић довели су своју војску у Београд и учествовали у оштрој борби са јаничарима који су се побеђени повукли.))</ref>((sfn|Ćorović|2001))

On January 30, 1799, Selim III allowed the Janissaries to return, calling them local Muslims from the Sanjak of Smederevo. At first, the Janissaries accepted the authority of Hadži Mustafa Pasha. However, in [[Šabac]], a Janissary named Bego Novljanin demanded a surcharge from a Serb and murdered him when he refused to pay. Fearing the worst, Hadži Mustafa Pasha marched to Šabac with a force of 600 men to ensure that the Janissary was brought to justice and that order was restored. The Janissaries not only decided to support Bego Novljanin, but Pazvantoğlu also attacked the Belgrade Pashalik in support of the Janissaries.((sfn|Ranke|1847|p=115))

==Prelude==
((Further|Slaughter of the Knezes))
[[File:Dahias & Mustapha Pasa.jpg|An illustration of [[Hadži Mustafa Pasha]] murdered by the [[Dahije]].|thumb]]
On 15 December 1801, Belgrade [[Vizier]] [[Hadži Mustafa Pasha]] was executed by [[Kučuk-Alija]], one of four Janissaries originally from the [[Sanjak of Vidin]] (modern north-western [[Bulgaria]]). Alongside Haji Mustafa Pasha. Mehmed Foça-oğlu, Aganli-Bayraktar and [[Mulla Yusuf|Mülla Yusuf]], the four Janissaries referred to themselves as [[Dahije]].((sfn|Ćorović|2001|loc=ch. Почетак устанка у Србији))((sfn|Djokić|2023|p=213)) As a result, Belgrade was captured and the Sanjak of Smederevo was divided among them independently of the Ottoman government, and in defiance of the Sultan, despite the dispatch of a new Pasha from Constantinople.((sfn|Djokić|2023|p=213)) 

The Janissaries enforced a system of arbitrary abuse unparalleled in the entire history of Ottoman misrule in the Balkans.<ref name="Moravcevich2005">((cite book|author=Nicholas Moravcevich|title=Selected essays on Serbian and Russian literatures and history|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O-hiAAAAMAAJ|year=2005|publisher=Stubovi kulture|pages=217–218|isbn=9788679791160))</ref> The leaders divided the Sanjak into pashaliks,<ref name="Moravcevich2005" /> immediately suspending Serbian autonomy and significantly increasing taxes. Land confiscation and the introduction of forced labour, known as [[chiflik]], prompted many Serbs to flee to the mountains.<ref name="Reed 2018 p. 28">((cite book | last=Reed | first=H.L. | title=Serbia: A Sketch | publisher=Outlook Verlag | year=2018 | isbn=978-3-7326-7904-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cupaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA28 | language=de| page=28))</ref> 

The Serbs petitioned the Sultan to inform him of the tyranny they were suffering,((sfn|Morison|2012|p=xvii)) upon learning of this and in an attempt to prevent a rebellion, the Dahije decided to act first. At the end of January 1804, throughout the Sanjak, between 70 and 150 ''knezes'' (village leaders), livestock merchants and Orthodox priests were executed by the Dahije in an event known as the [[Slaughter of the Knezes]].((sfn|Ranke|1847|p=119–120)) According to contemporary sources from [[Valjevo]], the severed heads of the leaders were displayed on the central square as a warning to those who might plot against the Dahije's rule.((sfn|Ranke|1847|p=119–120)) Janissary atrocities fueled fear and anger among the Serbs, leading some to flee with their families into the woods while others organised themselves into self-defence units,<ref name="Moravcevich2005" /> as uncoordinated resistance erupted throughout the region.((sfn|Djokić|2023|p=213)) 

The events in Serbia were being closely monitored by neighbouring Christian states such as [[Wallachia]], an [[Vassal and tributary states of the Ottoman Empire|Ottoman client-state]] bordering Serbia to the northeast, and ruled by the [[Phanariote]] [[List of princes of Wallachia|Prince]] [[Constantine Ypsilantis]] (who was secretly hostile to Ottoman rule). During the early stages of the rebellion, the Belgrade Pashalik was visited by Ypisilantis' agents, including [[Dositei Filitti]].((sfn|Trâpcea|1942|p=270))

==Uprising against the Dahije==
[[File:Orašac Assembly (1804).jpg|thumb|Orašac Assembly.]]
On February 14, 1804, a group of leading Serbs [[Marićevića jaruga|gathered at Marićević Gully]], in the small village of [[Orašac, Serbia|Orašac]] (near [[Aranđelovac]]) to support a call for a general uprising. The meeting was held after the massacre and the resentment against the Dahije, who had revoked the privileges granted to the Serbs by Selim III. Among those present were [[Stanoje Glavaš]], [[Atanasije Antonijević]], and [[Tanasko Rajić]]. They elected [[Karađorđe|Đorđe Petrović]], a cattle trader known as Karađorđe, as their leader. Karađorđe, a former member of the Freikorps during the Austro-Turkish War and an officer in the national militia, had considerable military experience.((sfn | Jelavich | Cambridge University Press | Joint Committee of Eastern Europe | Joint Committee on Eastern Europe | 1983 | p=200)) Serbian forces quickly took control of [[Šumadija]], leaving the Dahije with only Belgrade under their control. The Istanbul government ordered the pashas of the neighbouring Pashaliks not to help the Dahije.<ref name="Vucinich, Wayne S 1813">Vucinich, Wayne S. The First Serbian Uprising, 1804–1813. Social Science Monographs, Brooklyn College Press, 1982.</ref> At first the Serbs fought on the side of the Sultan against the Janissaries, but later they were supported by an Ottoman official and the [[Sipahi]] cavalry corps.((sfn|Morison|2012|p=xviii)) Despite their small numbers, the Serbs achieved significant military victories, capturing [[Požarevac]] and [[Šabac]] and launching successful attacks on [[Smederevo]] and [[Belgrade]] in quick succession.((sfn|Morison|2012|p=xviii))

In July 1804, the Sultan, fearing that the Serbian movement might get out of control, sent [[Bekir Pasha]], former Pasha of Belgrade and now Pasha of [[Bosnia Eyalet]], to officially help the Serbs, but in reality to keep them under control.((sfn|Morison|2012|p=xviii)) [[Alija Gušanac]], the Janissary commander of Belgrade, faced with both Serbs and imperial authority, allowed Bekir Pasha into the city.((sfn|Morison|2012|p=xviii)) The Dahije had previously fled east to [[Ada Kale]], an island in the Danube.((sfn|Morison|2012|p=xix)) Bekir demanded the surrender of the Dahije. Meanwhile, Karađorđe sent his commander, [[Milenko Stojković]], to the island.((sfn|Petrovich|1976|p=34)) The Dahije refused to surrender, so Stojković attacked and captured them. He had them beheaded on the night of 5–6 August 1804.((sfn|Petrovich|1976|p=34)) After destroying the power of the Dahije, Bekir Pasha wanted the Serbs disbanded. However, since the Janissaries still held important towns such as [[Užice]], the Serbs were unwilling to stop without guarantees.((sfn|Morison|2012|p=xix)) In May 1804, Serbian leaders under Dorđe Petrović met in Ostružnica to continue the uprising. Their goals were to seek protection from [[Habsburg monarchy|Austria]], to petition Sultan Selim for greater autonomy, and to request Russian protection from the Russian ambassador in Istanbul. The Russian government maintained a neutral policy toward the Serbian revolt until the summer of 1804 due to the recent Russo-Turkish friendship, which was a response to the growing influence of France. At the beginning of the uprising, the Russian envoy in [[Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro|Montenegro]] refused to deliver the message when the Serbs asked for help and instructed the Serbs to petition the Sultan. However, in the summer of 1804, after the meeting in Ostružnica, the Russian government changed its policy to be recognized by Istanbul as the guarantor of peace in the region.<ref name="Vucinich, Wayne S 1813"/>

Negotiations between the Serbs and the Ottomans began in May 1804, mediated by the Austrian governor of [[Slavonian Military Frontier|Slavonia]]. As Trâpcea notes, the Serbs made only modest demands, seeking autonomy within the borders of the Pashalik.((sfn|Trâpcea|1942|p=269)) This autonomy was to be under the control of a Serbian knez with the power to collect taxes for the [[Sublime Porte]]. In addition, the Serbian leaders demanded further restrictions on the Janissaries. In 1805, negotiations between the Porte and the Serbs broke down over the Porte's inability to accept an agreement guaranteed by a foreign power and the Serbs' refusal to lay down their arms. Fearing a Christian uprising, the Porte issued a decree on 7 May 1805, ordering the rebels to disarm and rely on regular Ottoman troops to protect them from the Dahije. The Serbs, however, summarily ignored the decree.<ref>((Cite journal |editor-last=Bearman |editor-first=P. |editor2-last=Bianquis |editor2-first=Th. |editor3-last=C.E. |editor3-first=Bosworth |editor4-last=van Donzel |editor4-first=E. |editor5-last=W.P. |editor5-first=Heinrichs |title=Ṣi̊rb |journal=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition |doi=10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1091 |oclc=882844266))</ref>((sfn|Morison|2012|p=xix)) Selim responded by ordering Hafiz Pasham, the Pasha of Niš, to march against the Serbs and take Belgrade.((sfn | Jelavich | Cambridge University Press | Joint Committee of Eastern Europe | Joint Committee on Eastern Europe | 1983 | p=198))

==Uprising against the Ottomans==
[[File:Praviteljstvujušči sovjet serbski.JPG|thumb|The seal of the Ruling Council (((Lang|sr|Praviteljstvujušči sovjet)))|alt=]]
[[File:Battle of Mišar, Afanasij Scheloumoff.jpg|thumb|The [[Battle of Mišar]] (1806), by Afanasij Šeloumov|alt=]]
[[File:Serbia1809.png|thumb|Serbia in 1809 under Karađorđe's rule.|alt=|left]]
[[File:Pistols from First Serbian Uprising.jpg|thumb|Flintlock pistols from the First Serbian Uprising|alt=]]
[[File:Regular soldier 1809.jpg|thumb|Uniform and weapons of a Serbian regular soldier (1809–10)]]
[[File:Serbia1813.png|thumb|Serbia in 1813, before the Ottoman reconquest]]

In 1805, the first major battle took place at [[Battle of Ivankovac|Ivankovac]], where the Serbs defeated the Sultan's army and forced it to retreat towards Niš. It was the first time that the Serbs defeated the Sultan's army and not a Muslim rebel force. In November of the same year, the fortress of Smederevo fell and became the capital of the rebellion.((sfn | Jelavich | Cambridge University Press | Joint Committee of Eastern Europe | Joint Committee on Eastern Europe | 1983 | p=200)) The second major clash was the [[Battle of Mišar]] in 1806, where the rebels defeated an Ottoman army from Bosnia led by the [[Sipahi]] commander Suleiman-Pasa. The rebels also defeated [[Osman Pazvantoğlu]] and another Ottoman army sent from the southeast at Deligrad. Despite repeated efforts and the support of Ottoman commanders, including [[Ibrahim Bushati]] and [[Ali Pasha of Ioannina|Ali Pasha]]'s two sons, Muktar Pasha and [[Veli Pasha]], the Ottomans were consistently defeated. In December 1806, the rebels, led by [[Petar Dobrnjac]], captured Belgrade and gained control of the entire Pashalik. The rebels sent the Belgrade merchant [[Petar Ičko]] as their envoy to the Ottoman government in [[Constantinople]]. He succeeded in obtaining a favourable treaty named after him, the ''Ičko's Peace,''((sfn | Petrovich | 1976 | p=98-100)) which granted a measure of Serbian autonomy. However, Serbian leaders rejected the treaty and may have poisoned Ičko for his dealings with the Ottomans.

In 1805, the Serbian rebels established a rudimentary government to administer the lands under Serbian control. The government was divided into the [[National Assembly of Serbia|Narodna Skupština]] (People's Assembly), the ''Praviteljstvujušči Sovjet'' (Ruling Council), and [[Karađorđe]] himself. The Ruling Council was established on the recommendation of Russian Foreign Minister Chartorisky and at the suggestion of some dukes, including Jakov and Matija Nenadović, Milan Obrenović, and Sima Marković.((sfn|Janković|1955|p=18)) Their purpose was to check Karađorđe's powers. Boža Grujović, the first secretary, and Matija Nenadović, the first president, envisioned the Council as the government of the new Serbian state.((sfn|Čubrilović|1982|p=65)) The revolutionary government was responsible for organizing and supervising various aspects of government, including administration, economy, army supply, law and order, justice, and foreign policy.((sfn|Čubrilović|1982|p=65)) In addition to abolishing forced labour and reducing taxes, they also abolished all [[ziamet|feudal obligations]] in 1806, emancipating peasants and serfs and marking a major social break with the past. The poll tax on non-Muslims ([[jizya]]) was also abolished.

The [[Battle of Deligrad]] in December 1806 was a decisive victory for the Serbs, which boosted the morale of the outnumbered rebels. To avoid total defeat, Ibrahim Pasha negotiated a six-week armistice with Karađorđe. By 1807, the demands for self-government within the Ottoman Empire had evolved into a war of independence, supported by the Russian Empire. Combining patriarchal peasant democracy with modern national aspirations, the Serbian Revolution attracted thousands of volunteers among Serbs from across the [[Balkans]] and Central Europe. It eventually became a symbol of the nation-building process in the Balkans and provoked unrest among Christians in both [[Ottoman Greece|Greece]] and [[Ottoman Bulgaria|Bulgaria]]. After a successful siege with 25,000 men in late 1806, Karađorđe proclaimed Belgrade the capital of Serbia on 8 January 1807, after the surrender of the remaining fortifications on St. Stephen's Day.((sfn | Srđan Rudić | Belgrade 1521–1867 | The Institute of History | Yunus Emre Enstitüsü | 2018 | p=299)) The Serbian efforts were supported by the [[Imperial Russian Army]], which had established itself in Wallachia during the parallel Russo-Turkish War. This allowed the Serbian rebels to concentrate on the [[Timok Valley]], deep in the Sanjak of Vidin. A local rebel named [[Hajduk Veljko]] pledged his allegiance to Karađorđe.((sfn|Trâpcea|1942|pp=270–277))

Earlier rebellions against the Ottoman Turks were suppressed with great violence and repression.((sfn | Mojzes | 2011 | p=10)) In February 1804, the Janissaries executed seventy-two Serbs and displayed their heads on the citadel of Belgrade. These actions led to equally brutal reprisals when the situation was reversed.((sfn | Berend | 2005 | p=123)) The liberation of Belgrade was followed by a massacre of Turks.<ref>((cite book |last1=Washburn |first1=Dennis |last2=Reinhart |first2=Kevin |title=Converting Cultures: Religion, Ideology and Transformations of Modernity |date=2007 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789047420330 |page=88 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8eSvCQAAQBAJ&q=Serbian+Christmas+Eve+around+1702&pg=PA87 |language=en))</ref> The event was described by the Serbian historian [[Stojan Novaković|Stojan Novakovic]] as a "thorough cleansing of the Turks".<ref>((cite book |title=Sudanow |date=1994 |publisher=Ministry of Culture and Information |page=20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9vgPAQAAMAAJ&q=annihilation |language=en))</ref> After the Serbs finally stormed the fortress of Belgrade, Archbishop Leontii reported that the commander was killed "as well as all other Muslim inhabitants"; Turkish women and children were baptized.((sfn | Berend | 2005 | p=123))<ref>((cite book |last1=Vovchenko |first1=Denis |title=Containing Balkan Nationalism: Imperial Russia and Ottoman Christians, 1856–1914 |date=2016 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780190276676 |page=299 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=und9DAAAQBAJ&q=massacre+of+turks+1807+belgrade&pg=PA299 |access-date=4 November 2019 |language=en))</ref> The slaughter was accompanied by widespread destruction of Turkish and Muslim property and mosques.<ref>((cite book |last1=Lebel |first1=G'eni |title=Until "the Final Solution": The Jews in Belgrade 1521 – 1942 |date=2007 |publisher=Avotaynu |isbn=9781886223332 |page=70 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OhEuAQAAIAAJ&q=turks |access-date=4 November 2019 |language=en))</ref> A significant portion of those killed were not of actual Turkish descent, but were local Slavs who had converted to Islam over the centuries.((citation needed|date=September 2020)) The massacre sparked a debate within the rebel faction. The older generation of rebels viewed the massacre as a sin, but the prevailing principle was the removal of all Muslims.<ref>((cite book |last1=Aleksov |first1=Bojan |author-link1=Adamant and Treacherous |editor1-last=Washburn |editor1-first=Dennis |editor2-last=Reinhart |editor2-first=Kevin |title=Converting Cultures: Religion, Ideology, and Transformations of Modernity |date=2007 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-9004158221 |page=88 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HcvKXwjmxUcC&pg=PA88))</ref>

In 1808, Sultan Selim was executed by [[Mustafa IV]], who was subsequently deposed by [[Mahmud II]]. During [[Ottoman coups of 1807–08|this political crisis]], the Ottomans were willing to offer significant autonomy to the Serbs. However, the talks did not lead to an agreement between the two parties, as they could not agree on the exact borders of Serbia.((sfn|Jelavich|1983|p=201)) Karađorđe's 1809 proclamation in the capital, [[Belgrade]], is considered the culmination of the first phase. The proclamation called for national unity and invoked [[History of the Serbs|Serbian history]] to call for the establishment of religious freedom and a written [[rule of law]]. It also urged Serbs to stop paying taxes to the Porte, which were considered discriminatory on the basis of religious affiliation. Karađorđe declared himself the hereditary supreme leader of Serbia but agreed to cooperate with the Governing Council, which also served as the supreme court. During the Ottoman-Russian War of 1809, Karađorđe was initially willing to support Russia, but their cooperation proved ineffective. Although Karađorđe launched a successful offensive at [[Novi Pazar]], Serbian forces were later defeated at the [[Battle of Čegar]].((sfn|Jelavich|Jelavich|1977|p=34))

In March 1809, [[Hursid Pasha|Hurşid Paşa]] was sent to the Sanjak of Smederevo to suppress the rebellion. The Ottoman force was composed of soldiers from various nearby pashaliks, mostly from Bosnia and [[Ottoman Albania|Albania]] ([[Pashalik of Scutari|Scutari]], [[Pashalik of Yanina|Yanina]]), including soldiers such as [[Samson Cerfberr of Medelsheim]], [[Osman Gradaščević]], and [[Mustafa Reshiti|Reshiti Bushati]]. On 19 May 1809, a large Ottoman force attacked 3,000 rebels led by commander [[Stevan Sinđelić]] on the hill of [[Čegar]], near the town of [[Niš]]. Due to the lack of coordination between the commanders, the reinforcement of other detachments failed. Despite their numerical superiority, the Ottoman forces lost thousands of men in numerous attacks on the Serbian positions. Eventually, the rebels were overwhelmed, and their positions were overrun. To prevent his men from being captured and [[impalement|impaled]], Sinđelić fired into the [[gun powder|gunpowder]] magazine of his entrenchment, causing an explosion that killed all the rebels and Ottoman troops in the vicinity. Afterwards, Hurshid Pasha ordered the construction of a tower made from the skulls of Serbian revolutionaries. The resulting [[Skull Tower]] stands ten feet tall and contains 952 Serbian skulls embedded in 14 rows on all four sides.

In July 1810, Russian troops arrived in Serbia for the second time. This time they provided military cooperation by sending weapons, ammunition and medical supplies. Marshal [[Mikhail Kutuzov]] also participated in planning joint actions. Russian support raised hopes of a Serbian victory.((sfn|Jelavich|Jelavich|1977|p=34)) In August 1809, an Ottoman army marched on Belgrade, causing a mass exodus of people across the Danube. Among them was the Russian agent Radofinikin.((sfn|Jelavich|1983|p=201)) Faced with the impending disaster, Karađorđe sought help from the [[Habsburgs]] and [[Napoleon]], but to no avail.((sfn|Jelavich|1983|p=201)) At this point, the Serbian rebels shifted to a defensive strategy, focusing on holding their territories rather than making further gains.((sfn|Jelavich|1983|p=201))((sfn|Jelavich|Jelavich|1977|p=34)) Meanwhile, Russia, preoccupied with [[French invasion of Russia|a French invasion]], prioritized signing a final peace treaty and acted against Serbia's interests.((sfn|Jelavich|Jelavich|1977|p=34)) In particular, the Serbs were not informed of the negotiations and only learned of the final terms from the Ottomans.((sfn|Jelavich|Jelavich|1977|p=34)) This second Russian retreat occurred at the height of Karađorđe's power and the rise of Serbian expectations.((sfn|Jelavich|Jelavich|1977|p=34)) The [[Treaty of Bucharest (1812)|Treaty of Bucharest]], signed in May 1812, contained Article 8, which dealt with the Serbs. According to the treaty, Serbian fortifications were to be destroyed unless they were of value to the Ottomans. Pre-1804, Ottoman installations were to be reoccupied and garrisoned by Ottoman troops. In return, the Porte promised a general amnesty and certain autonomous rights. The Serbs were granted control over the administration of their own affairs and the collection and payment of a fixed tribute.((sfn|Jelavich|Jelavich|1977|p=35)) The reaction in Serbia was strong, with particular concern over the reoccupation of fortresses and towns and the expectation of feared reprisals.((sfn|Jelavich|Jelavich|1977|p=35))
 
During the rebellion, some of the leaders abused their privileges for personal gain. Disagreements arose between Karađorđe and other leaders as Karađorđe sought absolute power while his dukes sought to limit it. After retaking Belgrade, the Ottoman Empire took advantage of the Russian retreat to reconquer Serbia in 1813. As part of this effort, Wallachia was also recaptured and secured by the Ottomans under the loyalist Phanariote [[John Caradja]], along with its [[Great Banship of Craiova|Great Banship]] ([[Oltenia]]). In July 1813, an Ottoman–Wallachian force, including "several hundreds of Caradja's Romanians" arriving in through Oltenia, moved up the Timok River and killed Veljko at [[Negotin]].((sfn|Trâpcea|1942|pp=277–278)) The Ottoman forces burned villages along the main invasion routes, massacred or displaced their inhabitants, and enslaved many women and children. Karađorđe and other rebel leaders fled the country, and the exiles scattered throughout the [[Austrian Empire]], Wallachia, and Russia.<ref name="staff.lib.msu.edu">((Cite web|url=http://staff.lib.msu.edu/sowards/balkan/lecture5.html|title = The Serbian Revolution and the Serbian State))</ref>

==Aftermath==
[[File:Skull Tower 1863.jpg|thumb|The [[Skull Tower]] built by the Turks with embedded Serbian skulls, as depicted in an 1863 sketch by [[Felix Philipp Kanitz]]]] 
As a clause of the Treaty of Bucharest, the Ottomans agreed to grant a general amnesty to the participants of the uprising.((sfn|Judah|1997|p=188)) However, as soon as Turkish rule was re-established in Serbia, villages were burned and thousands were sent into slavery. Belgrade became the scene of brutal vengeance. On 17 October 1813 alone, 1,800 women and children were sold into slavery.((sfn|Judah|1997|p=188)) Various acts of violence and confiscation of property also took place. Islamized Serbs and Albanians in particular participated in such actions.<ref>((Cite book |last=Ković |first=Miloš |title=Velike sile i Srbi |publisher=Catena Mundi |year=2021 |isbn=978-86-6343-163-8 |location=Belgrade |pages=219 |language=Serbian))</ref>

Under direct Ottoman rule, all Serbian institutions were abolished. In 1814, tensions continued and Hadži Prodan, one of Karađorđe's former commanders, launched a [[Hadži-Prodan's rebellion|failed uprising]]. After an uprising at a Turkish estate in the same year, the Ottoman authorities massacred the local population and publicly impaled 200 prisoners in Belgrade.<ref name="staff.lib.msu.edu"/> In March 1815, the Serbs held several meetings and organized to resist again. This led to the [[Second Serbian Uprising]] in April, led by [[Miloš Obrenović I of Serbia|Miloš Obrenović]]. The uprising eventually succeeded in turning Serbia into a semi-autonomous state.((sfn|Judah|1997|p=189))

== See also ==
* [[List of Serbian Revolutionaries]]
* [[History of the Serbian-Turkish wars]]

== Notes ==
((Notelist))

== References ==
((Reflist|30em))

==Sources==
((refbegin|2))
* ((cite book | last=Berend | first=I.T. | title=History Derailed: Central and Eastern Europe in the Long Nineteenth Century | publisher=University of California Press | year=2005 | isbn=978-0-520-24525-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h6cwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA123))
*((cite book|last=Ćorović|first=Vladimir|author-link=Vladimir Ćorović|year=2001|orig-year=1997|title=Историја српског народа|url=http://www.rastko.rs/rastko-bl/istorija/corovic/istorija/index.html|language=sr|publisher=Јанус|location=[[Belgrade]]))
*((cite book|last=Čubrilović|first=Vasa|year=1982|title=Istorija političke misli u Srbiji XIX veka|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xlgIAQAAIAAJ|publisher=Narodna knjiga))
* ((cite book | last=Djokić | first=D. | title=A Concise History of Serbia | publisher=Cambridge University Press | series=Cambridge Concise Histories | year=2023 | isbn=978-1-009-30865-6 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aROpEAAAQBAJ))
* ((cite book | last=Glenny | first=M. | title=The Balkans: Nationalism, War, and the Great Powers, 1804–2011 | publisher=Penguin Publishing Group | year=2012 | isbn=978-1-101-61099-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0SgG3mY5X_UC))
*((cite book|last=Janković|first=Dragoslav|year=1955|title=Istorija države i prava Srbije u XIX veku|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SU45AQAAIAAJ|publisher=Nolit))
*((cite book|last=Jelavich|first=Barbara|title=History of the Balkans|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofbalkans0000jela|url-access=registration|year=1983|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-27458-6))
*((cite book|last1=Jelavich|first1=Charles|last2=Jelavich|first2=Barbara|year=1977|title=The Establishment of the Balkan National States: 1804-1920|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LBYriPYyfUoC|publisher=University of Washington Press|isbn=978-0-295-80360-9))
* ((cite book | last=Jelavich | first=B. | author2=Cambridge University Press | author3=Joint Committee of Eastern Europe | author4=Joint Committee on Eastern Europe | title=History of the Balkans: Volume 1 | publisher=Cambridge University Press | series=Cambridge paperback library | year=1983 | isbn=978-0-521-27458-6 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qR4EeOrTm-0C))
* ((cite book | last=Judah | first=T. | title=The Serbs: History, Myth, and the Destruction of Yugoslavia | publisher=Yale University Press | year=1997 | isbn=978-0-300-07113-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4b4JCAAAQBAJ))
* ((cite book | last=Mojzes | first=P. | title=Balkan Genocides: Holocaust and Ethnic Cleansing in the Twentieth Century | publisher=Rowman & Littlefield | series=G – Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series | year=2011 | isbn=978-1-4422-0663-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KwW2O7v7CUcC))
*((cite book|last=Morison|first=W. A.|title=The Revolt of the Serbs Against the Turks: (1804–1813)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qklfco35FIgC|year=2012|orig-year=1942|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-67606-0))
* ((cite book | last=Paxton | first=R.V. | title=Russia and the First Serbian Revolution: a Diplomatic and Political Study, the Initial Phase, 1804-1807 | publisher=Stanford University | year=1968 | url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pKVCAAAAIAAJ))
*((cite book|last=Petrovich|first=Michael Boro|year=1976|title=A history of modern Serbia, 1804–1918|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_LQ__2wOj8kC|publisher=Harcourt Brace Jovanovich|isbn=9780151409501))
*((cite book|last=Ranke|first=Leopold von|title=History of Servia, and the Servian Revolution|url=https://archive.org/details/ahistoryserviaa00rankgoog|year=1847|publisher=J. Murray)) ((small|(Public Domain)))
* ((cite book | last1=Srđan Rudić | first1=S.A. | last2=Belgrade 1521–1867 | first2=D. | last3=The Institute of History | first3=B. | last4=Yunus Emre Enstitüsü | first4=T.C.C.B. | last5=Ćosović | first5=T. | title=Belgrade 1521–1867 | publisher=Institute of History Belgrade | series=Collection of Works / The Institute of History, Belgrade | year=2018 | isbn=978-86-7743-132-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JF6LDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA299))
*((cite journal|title=Contribuțiuni la istoria românilor din Peninsula Balcanică. Românii dintre Timoc și Morava|first=Theodor N.|last=Trâpcea|journal=Balcania|volume=V|issue=1|pages=207–364|year=1942))
((refend))

==Further reading==
((refbegin|2))
* ((cite journal|last=Bataković|first=Dušan T.|title=A Balkan-Style French Revolution? The 1804 Serbian Uprising in European Perspective|journal=Balcanica|issue=XXXVI|year=2006|publisher=SANU|url=http://www.balkaninstitut.com/pdf/izdanja/balcanica/Balcanica_XXXVI_2005.pdf))
* ((Cite book|last=Ćirković|first=Sima|author-link=Sima Ćirković|year=2004|title=The Serbs|location=Malden|publisher=Blackwell Publishing|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Wc-DWRzoeIC|isbn=9781405142915))
* ((cite book|last=Đorđević|first=M. R.|year=1967|title=Oslobodilački rat srpskih ustanika 1804–1806|location=Belgrad|publisher=Vojnoizdavački zavod))
* Gavrilović, S. (1985) Građa bečkih arhiva o Prvom srpskom ustanku 1804–1810. Beograd: SANU, knj. I, 55 
* ((cite journal|last=Hrabak|first=Bogumil|year=1994|title=Srpski ustanici i Novopazarski sandžak (Raška) 1804–1813. godine|journal=Istorijski časopis|volume=XL-XLI|pages=9–))
* ((cite journal|last=Hrabak|first=Bogumil|year=1996|title=Kosovo and Metohia and the First rebellion of the Serbs|journal=Baština|issue=7|pages=151–168|url=http://scindeks-clanci.ceon.rs/data/pdf/0353-9008/1996/0353-90089607151H.pdf)) 
* ((cite journal|last=Ivić|first=Aleksa|year=1935|title=Spisi bečkih arhiva o Prvom srpskom ustanku: 1804|journal=Zbornik|volume=VIII|location=Belgrade))
* ((cite journal|last=Ivić|first=Aleksa|year=1936|title=Spisi bečkih arhiva o Prvom srpskom ustanku: 1805|journal=Zbornik|volume=X|location=Belgrade))
* ((cite journal|last=Ivić|first=Aleksa|year=1937|title=Spisi bečkih arhiva o Prvom srpskom ustanku: 1806|journal=Zbornik|location=Belgrade))
* ((cite journal|last=Ivić|first=Aleksa|year=1938|title=Spisi bečkih arhiva o Prvom srpskom ustanku: 1807|journal=Zbornik|location=Belgrade))
* ((cite journal|last=Janjić|first=Jovan|title=The role of the clergy in the creation and work of the state authorities during the first Serbian uprising: Part one|journal=Zbornik Matice Srpske Za Drustvene Nauke|year=2014|issue=149|pages=901–927|doi=10.2298/ZMSDN1449901J|doi-access=free))
* ((cite book|last=Maticki|first=Miodrag|year=2004|title=Читанка Првог српског устанка|location=Belgrade|publisher=Чигоја Штампа))
* ((cite journal|last=Meriage|first=Lawrence P.|title=The First Serbian Uprising (1804-1813) and the Nineteenth-Century Origins of the Eastern Question|journal=Slavic Review|volume=37|issue=3|pages=421–439|year=1978|doi=10.2307/2497684|jstor=2497684|doi-access=free))
* ((cite journal|last=Mikavica|first=Dejan|year=2009|title=Уставно питање у Карађорђевој Србији 1804—1813|journal=Истраживања|volume=20))
* ((cite book|last=Novaković|first=Stojan|title=Уставно питање и закони Карађорђева времена: студија о постању и развићу врховне и среднишње власти у Србији, 1805–1811|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6v2zoAEACAAJ|year=1907|publisher=Штампарија "Љуб. М. Давидовић"))
* ((cite book|last=Nedeljković|first=Mile|title=Voždove vojvode: broj i sudbina vojskovođa u Prvom srpskom ustanku|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sm8gAAAACAAJ|year=2002|publisher=Fond Prvi srpski ustanak|isbn=978-86-83929-02-3))
* ((cite journal|last=Novaković|first=Stojan|year=1892|title=Šest službenih pisama prvog ustanka 1806-1812. iz nekadašnje arhive vojvode Antonija Pljakića|journal=Spomenik Srpske Kraljevske Akademije|volume=XVII|location=Belgrade|pages=7–))
* ((cite journal|last=Paxton|first=Roger Viers|title=Nationalism and Revolution: A Reexamination of the Origins of the First Serbian Insurrection 1804–1807|journal=East European Quarterly|volume=6|issue=3|year=1972|pages=337–))
* ((cite book|editor=Perović, R.|year=1978|title=Prvi srpski ustanak – akta i pisma na srpskom jeziku, 1804–1808|location=Belgrade|publisher=Narodna knjiga))
* ((cite journal|last=Popović|first=M.|year=1908|title=Ustanak u Gornjem Ibru i po Kopaoniku od 1806. do 1813. godine|journal=Godišnjica Nikole Čupića|volume=XXVII|pages=232–235))
* ((cite book|last=Popović|first=M.|year=1954|title=Pričanje savremenika o Prvom srpskom ustanku|location=Belgrade))
* ((cite journal|last=Protić|first=Kosta|year=1893|title=Ratni događaji iz Prvog srpskog ustanka pod Karađorđem Petrovićem 1804–1813|journal=Godišnjica Nikole Čupića|volume=XIII|pages=77–269|url=https://archive.org/stream/godinjicanikole00unkngoog#page/n9))
* ((cite journal|last1=Radosavljević|first1=Nedeljko V.|last2=Marinković|first2=Mirjana O.|title=Једна османска наредба о војном уништењу Србије из 1807. године|trans-title=An Ottoman order on the military destruction of Serbia from 1807|journal=Истраживања|volume=23|year=2012|pages=283–293|url=http://epub.ff.uns.ac.rs/index.php/istr/article/view/458/473))
* ((Cite book|last=Radosavljević|first=Nedeljko V.|author-link=Nedeljko V. Radosavljević|chapter=The Serbian Revolution and the Creation of the Modern State: The Beginning of Geopolitical Changes in the Balkan Peninsula in the 19th Century|title=Empires and Peninsulas: Southeastern Europe between Karlowitz and the Peace of Adrianople, 1699–1829|year=2010|location=Berlin|publisher=LIT Verlag|pages=171–178|isbn=9783643106117|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cz7pbGvCqhwC))
* ((cite book|last=Radovanović|first=Petar|year=1852|title=Војне Срба с Турцима|location=Belgrade))
* ((Cite book|last=Rajić|first=Suzana|chapter=Serbia – the Revival of the Nation-state, 1804–1829: From Turkish Provinces to Autonomous Principality|title=Empires and Peninsulas: Southeastern Europe between Karlowitz and the Peace of Adrianople, 1699–1829|year=2010|location=Berlin|publisher=LIT Verlag|pages=143–148|isbn=9783643106117|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cz7pbGvCqhwC))
* ((cite book|last=Stojančević|first=Vladimir|title=Srbija u vreme prvog ustanka: 1804–1813|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H8MKAQAAIAAJ|year=1980|publisher=Narodni muzej))
*((cite book|last=Ćorović|first=Vladimir|title=Карађорђе и први српски устанак|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JYs-AAAACAAJ|year=2003|publisher=Свет књиге|isbn=978-86-7396-057-9))
*((cite book|last1=Damnjanović|first1=Nebojša|last2=Merenik|first2=Vladimir|title=The first Serbian uprising and the restoration of the Serbian state|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eXFpAAAAMAAJ|year=2004|publisher=Historical Museum of Serbia, Gallery of the Serbian Academy of Science and Arts|isbn=9788670253711))
*((cite web|last=Gavrilović|first=Andra|title=Crte iz istorije oslobodjenja Srbije|year=1904|url=https://archive.org/stream/crteizistrorije00gavrgoog)) ((small|(Public Domain)))
*((cite book|last=Jančikin|first=Jovan|title=Први српски устанак у народној књижевности|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z5diAAAAMAAJ|year=1996|publisher=Српски демократски савез у Мађарској|isbn=9789638197061))
*((cite book|last=Janković|first=Dragoslav|title=Први српски устанак|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H2JGAQAAIAAJ|year=1981|publisher=Коларчев народни универзитет))
*((cite web|last=Kállay|first=Béni|title=Die Geschichte des serbischen Aufstandes, 1807–1810|year=1910|url=https://archive.org/stream/diegeschichtedes00kl#page/145/mode/thumb)) ((small|(Public Domain)))
*((cite book|last=Karadžić|first=Vuk Stefanović|title=Први и Други српски устанак. &#91;With a Portrait.&#93;|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=drP8MgEACAAJ|year=1947))
*((cite book|last=Kovačević|first=Božidar|title=Први српски устанак|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pC0BAAAAMAAJ|year=1949|publisher=Ново поколење))
*((cite web|last=Novaković|first=Stojan|title=Tursko carstvo pred srpski ustanak, 1780–1804|year=1906|publisher=Beograd Davidovi|url=https://archive.org/stream/turskocarstvopre00nova)) ((small|(Public Domain)))
*((cite book|last=Stojančević|first=Vladimir|title=Prvi srpski ustanak: Ogledi i studije|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GXJpAAAAMAAJ|year=1994|publisher=Vojna knj.))
*((cite book|last=Stojančević|first=Vladimir|title=Srbija i srpski narod u vreme prvog ustanka|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tn9pAAAAMAAJ|year=2004|publisher=Matica srpska|isbn=9788683651412))
*((cite book|last=Vujnović|first=Andrej|title=Први српски устанак и обнова српске државе|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t-ivGwAACAAJ|year=2004|publisher=Галерија српске академије наука и уметности|isbn=978-86-82925-10-1))
((refend))

==External links==
* ((commons category-inline))
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nHoocYnC07o Serbian Thermopylae – Battle of Chokeshina 1804 (Serbian Revolution War)]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wAYh41I7Vk0 Battle of Mishar 1806 (Serbian Revolution War)]

((Serbian Uprisings))
((Rebellions in the Ottoman Empire))
((Wars and battles involving Serbs))
((Authority control))

[[Category:1800s in the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:1800s in Serbia|First Uprising]]
[[Category:1804 in the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:1804 in Serbia|Uprising]]
[[Category:1810s in Serbia|First Uprising]]
[[Category:1810s in the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:1813 in Serbia|First Uprising]]
[[Category:19th-century rebellions]]
[[Category:First Serbian Uprising| ]]
[[Category:Rebellions in Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
[[Category:Rebellions in Serbia]]
[[Category:Russia–Serbia relations]]
[[Category:Serb rebellions against the Ottoman Empire]]

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