County in Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
Fuyu (Chinese: 富裕; pinyin: Fùyù) is a county of western Heilongjiang province, China, under the administration of Qiqihar City,[1] the downtown of which is 65 kilometres (40 mi) to the southwest.[citation needed] Various economic crops and the milk are produced in the fertile land.[citation needed] The county has an area of 4,335 square kilometres (1,674 sq mi), and a population of 300,000 inhabitants.[citation needed]
Toponymy
Fuyu County is named after the nearby Wuyur River [zh], which derives from a Jurchen word for waterlogged depression.[1] The county's name been transcribed into Chinese in a number of different ways, such as Wuyur (Chinese: 乌裕尔; pinyin: Wūyù'ěr), Huyur (Chinese: 呼裕尔; pinyin: Hūyù‘ěr), Huyur (Chinese: 瑚裕尔; pinyin: Húyù'ěr), and Wuyur (Chinese: 乌雨尔; pinyin: Wūyǔ'ěr).[1]
History
The area of present-day Fuyu County was once inhabited by the Sushen.[1]
The area also once belonged to the kingdom of Buyeo, and later Dumakru [zh; de].[1]
The area would later be inhabited by the Heishui Mohe.[1]
The Liao dynasty then conquered the area, and placed it under Dongjing Circuit [zh], which was then administered by Changchun Prefecture [zh].[1]
Under the Jin dynasty, the area was administered as Puyu Road [zh].[1]
Following the Jin dynasty, the area was ruled by the Yuan dynasty.[1]
Under the Ming dynasty, which followed the Yuan, the area was administered as part of the Nurgan Regional Military Commission.[1]
During the Qing dynasty, the area was administered as part of Qiqihar.[1] In 1685, Qing settlers established a settlement in contemporary Fuyu [zh], known as Dalaiketun (Chinese: 大来克屯; pinyin: Dàláikètún).[1] Towards the end of the Qing dynasty, the region was put under the administration of Longjiang Fu [zh] and Yikeming'an Banner [zh].[1]
On March 19, 1929, the Republic of China reorganized the area as Fuyu Administrative Bureau, an Administrative Bureau [zh].[1]
On October 1, 1933, the puppet state of Manchukuo established Fuyu County.[1] Since then, the county has changed provinces numerous times, and has changed prefecture a number of times, until December 15, 1984, when it was placed under Qiqihar, which has remained since.[1]
Administrative divisions
Fuyu County is divided into six towns, three townships, and one ethnic township.[2]
The county's six towns are Fuyu [zh], Fulu [zh], Fuhai [zh], Erdaowan [zh], Long'anqiao [zh], and Taha [zh].[2]
The county's three townships are Fanrong Township [zh], Shaowen Township [zh], and Zhonghou Township [zh].[2]
The county's sole ethnic township is Youyi Daur, Manchu, and Kirghiz Ethnic Township [zh].[2]
Climate
Fuyu has a cold, monsoon-influenced, humid continental climate (Köppen Dwa), with four distinct seasons. It has long, bitterly cold, dry winters and very warm, rainy summers.
| Climate data for Fuyu (1981−2010 normals)
|
| Month
|
Jan
|
Feb
|
Mar
|
Apr
|
May
|
Jun
|
Jul
|
Aug
|
Sep
|
Oct
|
Nov
|
Dec
|
Year
|
| Record high °C (°F)
|
0.5
(32.9)
|
9.7
(49.5)
|
20.7
(69.3)
|
28.8
(83.8)
|
35.8
(96.4)
|
40.7
(105.3)
|
38.1
(100.6)
|
35.5
(95.9)
|
33.3
(91.9)
|
26.8
(80.2)
|
14.5
(58.1)
|
5.3
(41.5)
|
40.7
(105.3)
|
| Average high °C (°F)
|
−13.8
(7.2)
|
−7.8
(18.0)
|
1.6
(34.9)
|
12.6
(54.7)
|
20.8
(69.4)
|
26.2
(79.2)
|
27.5
(81.5)
|
25.9
(78.6)
|
20.0
(68.0)
|
10.8
(51.4)
|
−2.1
(28.2)
|
−11.7
(10.9)
|
9.2
(48.5)
|
| Daily mean °C (°F)
|
−19.8
(−3.6)
|
−14.6
(5.7)
|
−4.7
(23.5)
|
6.2
(43.2)
|
14.4
(57.9)
|
20.4
(68.7)
|
22.6
(72.7)
|
20.7
(69.3)
|
14.0
(57.2)
|
4.7
(40.5)
|
−7.6
(18.3)
|
−17.1
(1.2)
|
3.3
(37.9)
|
| Average low °C (°F)
|
−24.6
(−12.3)
|
−20.4
(−4.7)
|
−10.6
(12.9)
|
−0.1
(31.8)
|
7.6
(45.7)
|
14.4
(57.9)
|
17.8
(64.0)
|
16.0
(60.8)
|
8.4
(47.1)
|
−0.5
(31.1)
|
−12.1
(10.2)
|
−21.4
(−6.5)
|
−2.1
(28.2)
|
| Record low °C (°F)
|
−38.5
(−37.3)
|
−36.4
(−33.5)
|
−27.7
(−17.9)
|
−12.8
(9.0)
|
−3.9
(25.0)
|
2.7
(36.9)
|
9.2
(48.6)
|
7.4
(45.3)
|
−2.7
(27.1)
|
−16.4
(2.5)
|
−27.9
(−18.2)
|
−35.1
(−31.2)
|
−38.5
(−37.3)
|
| Average precipitation mm (inches)
|
2.6
(0.10)
|
2.1
(0.08)
|
5.8
(0.23)
|
21.6
(0.85)
|
31.8
(1.25)
|
73.9
(2.91)
|
134.8
(5.31)
|
98.1
(3.86)
|
49.6
(1.95)
|
18.3
(0.72)
|
4.7
(0.19)
|
5.0
(0.20)
|
448.3
(17.65)
|
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)
|
4.1
|
3.1
|
3.8
|
5.7
|
8.8
|
11.4
|
13.7
|
11.6
|
8.9
|
5.2
|
4.6
|
6.2
|
87.1
|
| Average snowy days
|
6.8
|
5.0
|
5.4
|
2.7
|
0.2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
2.1
|
6.2
|
8.5
|
36.9
|
| Average relative humidity (%)
|
71
|
66
|
54
|
49
|
49
|
62
|
75
|
76
|
67
|
59
|
63
|
71
|
64
|
| Mean monthly sunshine hours
|
176.8
|
206.8
|
251.6
|
235.7
|
246.9
|
234.1
|
226.1
|
224.8
|
226.8
|
209.4
|
170.9
|
153.4
|
2,563.3
|
| Percent possible sunshine
|
64
|
71
|
68
|
57
|
52
|
49
|
47
|
52
|
61
|
63
|
62
|
59
|
59
|
| Source 1: China Meteorological Administration (precipitation days, snow days, sunshine 1991–2020)[3][4]
|
| Source 2: Weather China[5]
|
Demographics
Ethnic groups
The county is home to 17 different ethnic groups: Han Chinese, Manchu, Daur, Kyrgyz, Mongolian, Hui, Tibetan, Miao, Yi, Zhuang, Buyi, Korean, Xibe, Yao, Ewenki, Oroqen, and Uygur.[6] Much of the county's ethnic minorities live in villages clustered together, such as Manchus living in the village of Sanjiazi (Chinese: 三家子; Romanized Manchu: Ilan Boo), Kyrgyz living in Wujiazi (Chinese: 五家子), Daurs living in Dengke (Chinese: 登科) and other villages, and Mongols living in Daxiaoquanzi (Chinese: 大小泉子).[6]
Manchu
Fuyu County is home to approximately 7,000 Manchu people, most of whom live in the villages of Damagang (Chinese: 大马岗), Xiaomagang (Chinese: 小马岗), and Dagaoliang (Chinese: 大高粱).[6] The town of Taha [zh] hosts an annual Manchu sports festival, which includes horse racing, wrestling, archery, a competition in the traditional Manchu sport of pearl ball (Chinese: 珍珠球), and other events.[6]
Daur
Fuyu County's government estimates that there are approximately 6,000 Daur people living in the county, and that the county's Daur population migrated to the area during the 1750s.[6]
Villages in Fuyu County with large amounts of Daur people include Dengke (Chinese: 登科) Dongji (Chinese: 东极), Dahazhou (Chinese: 大哈洲), Liangchufang (Chinese: 两出房), Shiwuli (Chinese: 十五里), Dongtaha (Chinese: 东塔哈), Xiaogaoliang (Chinese: 小高粱), Xitaha (Chinese: 西塔哈), Kumu (Chinese: 库木), Jiqibao (Chinese: 吉期堡) and Fufeng (Chinese: 富丰).[6]
Mongol
Fuyu County is home to over 2,000 Mongols, who are predominantly Oirats.[6] The county's Mongol population is largely concentrated in the villages of Daquanzi (Chinese: 大泉子), Xiaoquanzi (Chinese: 小泉子), Chenjiazi (Chinese: 陈家子), Bajiazi (Chinese: 八家子), and Sanjianfang (Chinese: 三间房).[6]
Fuyu Kyrgyz
The largely Kyrgyz village of Wujiazi is the largest concentration of Kyrgyz people in China, outside of Xinjiang.[6] Of the 653 people who live in the village, 219 (33.54%) are Kyrgyz.[6] Fuyu County as a whole has 1,400 Kyrgyz people.[6] The Fuyu Kyrgyz are separate from the other Kyrgyz ethnic group (see the Fuyu Kyrgyz language classification), but they are usually listed as Kyrgyz by the authorities.
Languages
Sanjiazi (三家子; Romanized Manchu: Ilan Boo) in Fuyu County is one of the few villages whose elderly inhabitants are considered to being the last native speakers of Manchu.[6][7] The village's school offers courses in Manchu.[6]
The Fuyu Kyrgyz language is spoken in Fuyu County. It is not a variety of Kyrgyz, but is closer to the Siberian modern Khakas and the ancient language of the Yenisei Kyrgyz.[citation needed]
