The municipality was platted in 1849 under the name "Lanesville",[6] but other names were tried because there was already another Lanesville in Indiana. The name "Jamestown", in honor of the town's founder James White, was used for a while, but in 1866 the Marion County Commissioners approved the name "Lawrence", which is also the name of the township in which it is located. The name was in honor of Captain James Lawrence, naval hero of the War of 1812.[7] In 1929 the citizens of Lawrence voted to become an independent town, where they first established the town marshal, as well as other parts of government.
In 1969, Indianapolis and Marion County adopted a unified government structure known as Unigov. Lawrence is one of four "excluded cities" and therefore retains its own municipal government. Its citizens vote not only for the mayor and council of Lawrence, but also for the mayor of Indianapolis and representatives on the Indianapolis City-County Council.[7]
Geography
Lawrence is located in northeastern Marion County. It is bordered to the east by Hancock County, including the town of McCordsville. Downtown Indianapolis is 9 miles (14 km) to the southwest. U.S. Route 36 (Pendleton Pike) runs through the city, leading northeast 22 miles (35 km) to Pendleton. US 36 intersects Interstate 465, the Indianapolis beltway, at that highway's Exit 42 at the southwest corner of Lawrence. Exit 40 on I-465, with East 56th Street and North Shadeland Avenue, is along the western border of Lawrence.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Lawrence has a total area of 20.25 square miles (52.45 km2), of which 0.10 square miles (0.26 km2), or 0.48%, are water.[2]Fall Creek, a southwest-flowing tributary of the White River flows through the northwest part of the city, and in places forms the city's northwest boundary. Fort Harrison State Park is in the northwest part of the city as well.
Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cold winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Lawrence has a humid continental climate with hot summers and year around precipitation, abbreviated "Dfa" on climate maps.[8]
At the 2010 United States Census, there were 46,001 people, 17,864 households, and 11,949 families in the city. The population density was 2,285.2 inhabitants per square mile (882.3/km2). There were 19,515 housing units at an average density of 969.4 per square mile (374.3/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 63.2% White, 25.8% African American, 0.4% Native American, 1.4% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 5.7% from other races, and 3.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 11.2%.[9]
Of the 17,864 households 38.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.2% were married couples living together, 17.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 33.1% were non-families. 27.6% of households were one person and 8% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.12.
The median age was 34.2 years. 28.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 29.3% were from 25 to 44; 24.9% were from 45 to 64; and 9.6% were 65 or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.5% male and 52.5% female.
The median household income was $54,254 in Lawrence compared to the state median of $48,393. Roughly 31% of Lawrence residents have a bachelor's degree compared to 22.7% of all Indiana residents.[10]
2000 census
At the 2000 United States Census, there were 38,915 people, 14,853 households, and 10,337 families in the city. The population density was 1,937.8 inhabitants per square mile (748.2/km2). There were 16,292 housing units at an average density of 811.3 per square mile (313.2/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 78.58% White, 15.51% African American, 0.30% Native American, 1.80% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 1.86% from other races, and 1.87% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.73%.[5]
Of the 14,853 households 39.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.1% were married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.4% were non-families. 24.8% of households were one person and 5.9% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.13.
The population was diversified at 29.9% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 36.2% from 25 to 44, 18.0% from 45 to 64, and 8.2% 65 or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.3 males.
The median household income was $47,838 and the median family income was $56,609. Males had a median income of $38,924 versus $30,406 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,543. About 4.8% of families and 6.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.2% of those under age 18 and 5.1% of those age 65 or over.
Education
The Lawrence Township school district is the ninth largest and one of the fastest growing districts in the state. It operates four Early Learning Centers, eleven elementary magnet schools (grades 1–6), two middle schools (grades 7–8), two high schools (Lawrence Central and Lawrence North), a center for innovation and technology, and an alternative setting high school.[11] In the 2018–2019 academic year there were 16,035 students with a high school graduation rate of 92.7%. Lawrence Township schools offer high ability programs, Advanced Placement (AP and ACP), International Baccalaureate Program, vocational and career education programs, and bilingual programs.[12] The district holds 45 state championships and 5 national titles in various inter-curricular competitions. Those titles include championships in basketball (Lawrence North - 2006) and marching band (Lawrence Central -1998, 2001 and 2004).[13] The diversity makeup of the district is .05% American Indian, 23.5% White, 45.3% Black, 6.9% Multiracial, 1.1% Asian, .05% Pacific Islander, and 23.1% Hispanic, as of the 2017–18 school year.[14] Lawrence also has a public library, a branch of the Indianapolis Public Library.[15]
