A number of governments maintain permanent research stations in the Arctic. Also known as Arctic bases, polar stations or ice stations, these bases are widely distributed across the northern polar region of Earth.
Historically few research stations have been permanent. Most of them were temporary, being abandoned after the completion of the project or owing to lack of funding to continue the research. Some of these were military or intelligence stations (listening posts) created as a result of the proximity of the U.S. and Soviet Union to each other's landmass across the polar region.
Ice stations are constructed on land or on ice that rests on land, while others are drifting ice stations built on the sea ice of the high latitudes of the Arctic Ocean.[1]
Research stations
[edit]| Station name | Location | Operating country | Year established | Summer population | Winter population |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abisko Scientific Research Station | Abisko, Sápmi |  Sweden
|
1903 | 12 | 12 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University Polar Station | Petuniabukta, Svalbard, Norway |  Poland
|
2011 | ||
| Alomar Observatory[2] | Andøya Space, Andøya, Svalbard |  Norway
|
1994 | ||
| Arctic Yellow River Station | Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, Norway |  China
|
2003 | 25 | 2 |
| AWIPEV Arctic Research Station (Jean Corbel Station) | Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, Norway |  France Germany
|
2003 | 40 | |
| Barrow Observatory[3] | Point Barrow, Alaska |  United States
|
1973 | 2 | 2 |
| Canadian High Arctic Research Station[4] (CHARS) campus | Cambridge Bay, Nunavut |  Canada
|
2019 | 26 | 26 |
| E. K. Fyodorov Hydrometeorological Observatory (ex Chelyuskin Polar Station)[5] | Cape Chelyuskin, Krasnoyarsk Krai |  Russia Soviet Union
|
1932 | ||
| Chetyrokhstolbovoy Polar Station[6] | Medvezhyi Islands, Sakha | Russia Soviet Union
|
1933 | ||
| China-Iceland Arctic Science Observatory(CIAO)[7][8] | Kárhóll, Iceland | China Iceland
|
2018 | ||
| Churchill Northern Studies Centre[9] (CNSC) | Churchill, Manitoba | Canada
|
1976 | 88 | |
| Czech Arctic Research Station[10] | Longyearbyen and Petuniabukta, Svalbard, Norway |  Czech Republic
|
2014 | 4 | 2 |
| Daneborg | Wollaston Foreland, Greenland |  Denmark
|
1944 | 12 | |
| Danmarkshavn | Dove Bay, Greenland | Denmark
|
1906 | 6 | |
| Dirigibile Italia Arctic Station | Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, Norway |  Italy
|
1997 | 7 | |
| Dr. Neil Trivett Global Atmosphere Watch Observatory | Alert, Nunavut | Canada
|
1986 | ||
| Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station | Devon Island, Nunavut | Canada
|
2001 | 9 | 9 |
| Himadri[11] | Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, Norway |  India
|
2008 | 8 | |
| Igloolik Research Centre[12] | Igloolik, Nunavut | Canada
|
1975 | 22 | 10 |
| IndARC[13] | Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Norway | India
|
2014 | ||
| International Biological Station Lena-Nordenskiöld[14] | Tiksi, Sakha | Russia
|
1995 | ||
| Iqaluit Research Centre[15][16] | Iqaluit, Nunavut | Canada
|
1978 | 20 | 10 |
| Kevo Research Station[17] | Kevo |  Finland
|
1958 | 12 | 7 |
| Kilpisjärvi Biological Station[18][19] | Kilpisjärvi | Finland
|
1964 | ||
| Kiruna Atmospheric and Geophysical Observatory[20] [21] | Kiruna | Sweden
|
1957 | ||
| Kluane Lake Research Station[22] | Kluane Lake, Yukon | Canada
|
1961 | 35 | |
| Koldewey Station | Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, Norway | Germany
|
1991 | ||
| Labytnangi Ecological Research Station[23] | Labytnangi, Yamalo-Nenets | Russia Soviet Union
|
1954 | 25 | |
| McGill Arctic Research Station[24] | Axel Heiberg Island, Nunavut | Canada
|
1960 | 12 | 0 |
| Mestersvig | Scoresby Land, Greenland | Denmark
|
1956 | 40 | 2 |
| Mývatn Research Station | Mývatn | Iceland
|
1975 | ||
| Netherlands Arctic Station, Univ Groningen[25] | Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, Norway |  Netherlands
|
1995 | ||
| Nicolaus Copernicus University Polar Station | Kaffiøyra, Svalbard, Norway | Poland
|
1975 | 2 | 0 |
| Station Nord | Princess Ingeborg Peninsula, Greenland | Denmark
|
1952 | 25 | 5 |
| Northeast Science Station[26] | Chersky, Sakha | Russia Soviet Union
|
1977 | 65 | 5 |
| Ny-Ålesund[27] | Spitsbergen, Svalbard | Norway
|
1967 | 117 | 35 |
| Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory[28][29] (PEARL) | Eureka, Nunavut | Canada
|
1993 | ||
| Polish Polar Station | Hornsund, Svalbard, Norway | Poland
|
1957 | 10 | |
| Prima Polar Station[30] | Cape Baranov, Bolshevik Island, Severnaya Zemlya | Russia Soviet Union
|
1986 | ||
| Samoylov Station[31] | Lena Delta Wildlife Reserve, Sakha | Russia
|
1998 | 16 | 8 |
| Sermilik Station | Ammassalik Island, Greenland | Denmark Austria
|
1970, 2023 | 30 | 6 |
| Sodankylä Arctic Research Centre[32] | Sodankylä | Finland
|
1949 | 30 | 20 |
| Stanisław Baranowski Spitsbergen Polar Station | Werenskioldbreen, Svalbard, Norway | Poland
|
1971 | ||
| Summit Station | Near summit of the Greenland ice sheet, Greenland | United States
|
1989 | 50 | 5 |
| Thule Research Station[33] | Pituffik, Greenland | Denmark
|
1995 | 10 | |
| Toolik Field Station[34] | Toolik Lake, Alaska | United States
|
1975 | 175 | |
| Troynoy Island Polar Station[35] | Izvestiy TSIK Islands, Krasnoyarsk Krai | Russia Soviet Union
|
1953 | 5 | 0 |
| Tundra Ecosystem Research Station[36][37] (TERS) | Daring Lake, Northwest Territories | Canada
|
1994 | 30 | 0 |
| University of Copenhagen Arctic Station | Qeqertarsuaq, Greenland | Denmark
|
1906 | 39 | |
| Ward Hunt Island Observatory Research Station[38] | Ward Hunt Island, Nunavut | Canada
|
1957 | 9 | 0 |
| Western Arctic Research Centre[39] | Inuvik, Northwest Territories | Canada[40]
|
1964 | 34 | |
| Whapmagoostui-Kuujjuarapik Research Complex[41] | Whapmagoostui, Quebec | Canada
|
1971 | 28 | |
| White Sea Biological Station[42] (WSBS MSU) | Chupa, Republic of Karelia | Russia Soviet Union
|
1938 | 180 | 50 |
| Villum Research Station[43] | Station Nord, North Greenland | Denmark
|
1990 | 14 | |
| Vize Island Arctic Research Station | Vize Island, Krasnoyarsk Krai | Russia Soviet Union
|
1945 | 0 | |
| Zackenberg Station | Wollaston Foreland, Greenland | Denmark
|
1997 | 25 | 0 |
| Zeppelin | Zeppelinfjellet, Svalbard | Norway
|
1990 |
| Station name | Location | Operating country | Year established | Year deactivated | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Begichev Polar Station | Maly Begichev Island, Krasnoyarsk Krai | Russia Soviet Union
|
Abandoned | ||
| Bolshoy Lyakhovsky Polar Station[44] | Bolshoy Lyakhovsky Island. Sakha | Russia Soviet Union
|
Abandoned | ||
| Borg wintering station | Off Borgjokel, Queen Louise Land, Greenland | Denmark
|
1912 | 1913 | Abandoned |
| Eismitte | Greenland ice sheet, Greenland | Germany
|
1930 | 1931 | Abandoned |
| Britannia Sø Field Camp | Britannia Lake, Queen Louise Land, Greenland |  UK
|
1952 | 1954 | Abandoned |
| Brønlundhus | Peary Land, Greenland | Denmark
|
1947 | Transformed into a museum | |
| Buor-Khaya Polar Station[45] | Buor-Khaya Gulf, Sakha | Russia Soviet Union
|
Abandoned | ||
| Centrumsø Research Station | Centrum Lake, Greenland | Denmark
|
1954 | Abandoned | |
| Dye 3 | Four different locations in southern Greenland | United States
|
1971 | 1991 | |
| Ernst Krenkel Observatory | Heiss Island, Arkhangelsk Oblast | Soviet Union
|
1956 | 1980 | |
| Golomyanniy Island Polar Station[46][47] | Sredniy Island, off Severnaya Zemlya | Russia Soviet Union
|
1954 | ||
| Heiberg Polar Station[48] | Heiberg Islands, Krasnoyarsk Krai | Russia Soviet Union
|
1940 | 1995 | |
| Isachsen Station | Ellef Ringnes Island, Nunavut | Canada
|
1948 | 1978 | |
| Izluchin Polar Station | Komsomolets Island, Severnaya Zemlya, Krasnoyarsk Krai | Russia Soviet Union
|
Abandoned | ||
| Kap Harald Moltke | Peary Land, Greenland | Denmark
|
1972 | ||
| Kigilyakh Research Station[49] | Kigilyakh Peninsula, Bolshoy Lyakhovsky Island, New Siberian Islands | Russia Soviet Union
|
|||
| Kolyuchin Polar Station | Kolyuchin Island, Chukotka | Russia Soviet Union
|
1990s | Abandoned | |
| Lavrentiya Research Station | Lavrentiya, Chukotka | Russia Soviet Union
|
|||
| NEEM Camp | Northern Greenland ice sheet, Greenland | Denmark
|
2008 | 2015 | |
| North Ice | Northern Greenland ice sheet, Greenland | United Kingdom
|
1952 | 1954 | |
| Peschanny Polar Station | Cape Unslicht, Bolshevik Island, Severnaya Zemlya | Russia Soviet Union
|
Abandoned | ||
| Popov Polar Station[50] | Bely Island, Yamalo-Nenets | Russia Soviet Union
|
1933 | 2001 | |
| Preobrazheniya Polar Station | Preobrazheniya Island, Sakha | Russia Soviet Union
|
Abandoned | ||
| Provideniya Research Station | Provideniya, Chukotka | Russia Soviet Union
|
|||
| Resolute Nunavut Station[51] | Resolute, Nunavut | Canada
|
1947 | ||
| Russky Island Arctic Station[52] | Russky Island, Nordenskiöld Archipelago, Krasnoyarsk Krai | Russia Soviet Union
|
1935 | 1999 | |
| Samuila Polar Station | Samuila Island, Komsomolskaya Pravda Islands, Krasnoyarsk Krai | Russia Soviet Union
|
Abandoned | ||
| Solnechny Polar Station[53] | Solnechny Bay, Bolshevik Island, Severnaya Zemlya | Russia Soviet Union
|
1952 | Abandoned | |
| Stolbovoy Meteorological Station[54] | Stolbovoy Island, Sakha | Russia Soviet Union
|
Abandoned | ||
| Tuktoyaktuk Station[55] | Tuktoyaktuk, Northwest Territories | Canada
|
1997 | ||
| Tyrtov Island Polar Station | Tyrtov Island, Nordenskiöld Archipelago, Krasnoyarsk Krai | Russia Soviet Union
|
1940 | 1975 | |
| Uedineniya Polar Station | Uyedineniya Island, Krasnoyarsk Krai | Russia Soviet Union
|
1996 | ||
| Ushakov Island Polar Station | Ushakov Island, Krasnoyarsk Krai | Russia Soviet Union
|
1954 | 1980s | |
| Vavilov Meteorological Station[56] | October Revolution Island, Severnaya Zemlya | Russia Soviet Union
|
1974 | 1988 | |
| Willem Barents Biological Station[57] | Meduza Bay, Krasnoyarsk Krai | Russia Soviet Union
|
|||
| Wrangel Island Cape Blossom Station[58] | Cape Blossom, Wrangel Island, Chukotka | Russia Soviet Union
|
|||
| Wrangel Island Ushakovskoye Station[59] | Ushakovskoye, Wrangel Island, Chukotka | Russia Soviet Union
|
|||
| Yenisei Ecological Station[60] | Mirnoye, Turukhansky District, Krasnoyarsk Krai | Russia Soviet Union
|
Drifting ice stations
[edit]In fiction
[edit]- Ice Station Zebra (novel), by Alistair MacLean
- Ice Station Zebra (1968 film)
- Ice Station Zebra a song by Jack White on Boarding House Reach
- Ice Station, by Matthew Reilly
- Ice Station -- Impossible!, an episode of The Venture Bros.
- Ice Station Santa, an episode of Sam & Max Beyond Time and Space
Gallery
[edit]-
-
View of the Polish Polar Station, Hornsund. -
View of the Arctic research station on Wiese Island. -
See also
[edit]- List of Arctic research programs
- Research stations in Antarctica
- List of northernmost settlements
- Winter-over syndrome
- Barneo, one-month tourist ice camp annual since 2002
References
[edit]- ^ "North Pole drifting stations (1930s-1980s)". Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Retrieved 30 April 2009.
- ^ "Alomar Observatory". Andoya Space.
- ^ "Barrow Atmospheric Baseline Observatory". Earth System Research Laboratories. NOAA.
- ^ "Welcome to the Canadian High Arctic Research Station". Canada.ca. 6 September 2023.
- ^ On northernmost tip of Eurasian mainland, a showoff of Northern Fleet capacity; Navy vessels put ashore a group of Arctic soldiers at Cape Chelyuskin, 77° North, by Atle Staalesen, The Barents Observer
- ^ История полярных арктических станций с 30-х годов XX века (History of polar arctic stations from the 1930s in the XX century)
- ^ China-Iceland Joint Arctic Observatory Official Website
- ^ CHINA ICELAND ARCTIC RESEARCH OBSERVATORY EU-INTERACT
- ^ Churchill Northern Studies Centre
- ^ Czech Arctic Research Station
- ^ Stensdal, Iselin (2013). "Asian Arctic Research 2005-2012" (PDF). Fridtjof Nansen Institute. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 3, 2014. Retrieved May 2, 2014.
- ^ Igloolik Research Centre, Igloolik, Igloolik Island, NU
- ^ India Deploys its First Sub-Surface Ocean Moored Observatory in the Arctic
- ^ International Biological Station (IBS) “Lena-Nordenskiold”, Lena River Delta
- ^ Iqaluit Research Centre
- ^ Iqaluit Research Centre, Nunavut Arctic College (Nunavut Research Institute)
- ^ "Kevo Research Station - Turun yliopisto". Archived from the original on 2019-02-23. Retrieved 2016-12-13.
- ^ Kilpisjärvi Biological Station
- ^ University of Helsinki - Kilpisjärvi Biological Station
- ^ Kiruna Atmospheric and Geophysical Observatory
- ^ Swedish Institute of Space Physics
- ^ Kluane Lake Research Station
- ^ Labytnangi Ecological Research Station
- ^ McGill Arctic Research Station (MARS)
- ^ "The Netherlands Arctic Station".
- ^ BBC news report
- ^ UK Arctic Research Station
- ^ Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory
- ^ Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory, PEARL
- ^ Фотогалерея: 2004 - "Полярное Кольцо" - Местонахождение: 17 мая, Северная Земля, о.Большевик, м.Баранова, п/ст Примах
- ^ Samoylov Station
- ^ FMI ARC
- ^ Thule Research Station
- ^ Toolik Field Station
- ^ Luhn, Alec; Hunt, Elle (14 September 2016). "Besieged Russian Scientists Drive Away Polar Bears". The Guardian. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
- ^ Tundra Ecosystem Research Station
- ^ "Tundra Ecosystem Research Station (TERS)". Archived from the original on 2016-12-21. Retrieved 2016-12-21.
- ^ Ward Hunt Island Observatory Research Station; Centre d’études nordiques (CEN)/ Centre for Northern Studies
- ^ Western Arctic Research Centre
- ^ "Western Arctic Research Centre (WARC)". Archived from the original on 2016-12-21. Retrieved 2016-12-21.
- ^ CEN Whapmagoostui-Kuujuarapik Research Station
- ^ White Sea Biological Station (WSBS MSU)
- ^ <www.villumresearchstation.dk><Goodsite, M. Skov, H. Asmund, G. Bennike, O. Feilberg, A. Glasius, M. Gross, A. Hermanson, M.H. (2014) Pilot Study of Contaminants near Station Nord, a Military Airbase and Research Station in NE Greenland. NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Sustainable Cities and Military Installations: Climate Change Impact on Energy and Environmental Security. Conference paper 177-98. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7161-1_10.>
- ^ Soviets gather geographic data in Arctic - CIA
- ^ Deserted Buor-Khaya Polar Station
- ^ Golomyanniy Station in Severnaya Zemlya
- ^ Книга: Два года на северной земле
- ^ "ДИКСОН — СНЕЖНОЙ АРКТИКИ СТОЛИЦА. К 90-ЛЕТИЮ НАЧАЛА НАБЛЮДЕНИЙ НА о. ДИКСОН". Archived from the original on November 21, 2011.
- ^ "Kigilyakh". Mapcarta. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
- ^ Popov Polar Station
- ^ Nuclear Explosion Monitoring (NEM)
- ^ F. Romanenko, O. Shilovtseva. Russian-Soviet polar stations and their role in the Arctic Seas exploration. Moscow State University, Geography Department, 1998
- ^ "Polyarnaya Stantsiya Solnechnaya". Mapcarta. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
- ^ Северный морской путь оснащается современными приборами навигации
- ^ Tuktoyaktuk, N.W.T.
- ^ Bassford, Robin; Siegert, Martin; Dowdeswell, Julian; Oerlemans, Johannes; Glazovsky, Andrey; Macheret, Yuri (February 2006). "Quantifying the Mass Balance of Ice Caps on Severnaya Zemlya, Russian High Arctic. I: Climate and Mass Balance of the Vavilov Ice Cap". Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research. 38 (1). university of Colorado: 1–12. doi:10.1657/1523-0430(2006)038[0001:QTMBOI]2.0.CO;2. hdl:20.500.11820/b0c68834-118f-4e1f-8d83-4768fda0c71f. Archived from the original on 3 March 2012. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
- ^ Willem Barents Biological Station
- ^ State Nature Reserve “Wrangel Island
- ^ "Ministry of Natural Resources of the russian Federation – History of Wrangel Island". Archived from the original on 2005-02-27. Retrieved 2019-10-13.
- ^ Enisei Ecological Station “Mirnoe”
- ^ Скалина, Ирина (10 July 2008). "Опасный дрейф; Полярников эвакуируют на судне "Михаил Сомов"" (web). Российская газета. Retrieved 2008-07-12. (Russian/English) Skalina, Irina (July 10, 2008). "A dangerous drift; Polarnik evacuated on the ship "Mikhail Somov"" (web). Google Translation. Rossiyskaya Gazeta. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
- ^ "MOSAiC - eoportal directory".
External links
[edit]
Media related to Scientific stations in the Arctic at Wikimedia Commons- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution
- Centre d'études nordiques (CEN)
- Russian Arctic Weather Stations - Julie Stephenson
