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Philosophy |
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Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.[1][2] It is distinguished from other ways of addressing fundamental questions (such as mysticism, myth, or religion) by being critical and generally systematic and by its reliance on rational argument.[3] It involves logical analysis of language and clarification of the meaning of words and concepts.
The word "philosophy" comes from the Greek philosophia (φιλοσοφία), which literally means "love of wisdom".[4][5][6]
The branches of philosophy and their sub-branches that are used in contemporary philosophy are as follows.
Aesthetics is study of the nature of beauty, art, and taste, and the creation of personal kinds of truth.
Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that studies the source, nature and validity of knowledge.
Ethics – study of value and morality.
Logic – the systematic study of the form of valid inference and reasoning.
Also regarded as the separate formal science
Metaphysics – concerned with explaining the fundamental nature of being and the world that encompasses it.
Regional variations of philosophy.
Main article: Africana philosophy |
Main article: Eastern philosophy |
Main article: Middle Eastern philosophy |
Main article: Indigenous American philosophy |
Main article: Western philosophy |
Main article: History of philosophy |
The history of philosophy in specific contexts of time and space.
Main articles: Timeline of philosophers and List of years in philosophy |
Main article: Ancient philosophy |
Philosophies during ancient history.
Main articles: Ancient Greek philosophy and Ancient Roman philosophy |
Main article: Medieval philosophy |
Philosophies during post-classical history.
Main article: Christian philosophy |
Main article: Early Islamic philosophy |
Main article: Medieval Jewish philosophy |
Main article: Modern philosophy |
Philosophies during the modern era.
Main article: Renaissance philosophy |
Main article: Early modern philosophy |
Main article: Contemporary philosophy |
Main articles: List of philosophies and Glossary of philosophy |
Philosophical schools of thought not tied to particular historic contexts.
See also: List of art movements |
Main article: Philosophy and literature |
Main article: Index of philosophy |