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((Use mdy dates|date=December 2023))
((Infobox settlement
|name                     = Walla Walla
|settlement_type          = [[List of municipalities in Washington|City]]
|nickname                 =
|motto                    =
<!-- Images --------------->
|image_skyline            = Second and Main in Walla Walla.jpg
|imagesize                = 300px
|image_caption            = Reynolds–Day Building, Sterling Bank, and Baker Boyer Bank buildings in downtown Walla Walla
|image_flag               = Flag of Walla Walla, WA (adopted 2021).png
|image_seal               =
<!-- Maps ----------------->
|image_map                = Walla_Walla_County_Washington_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Walla_Walla_Highlighted.svg
|mapsize                  = 250px
|map_caption              = Location of Walla Walla, Washington
|image_map1               =
|mapsize1                 =
|map_caption1             =
<!-- Location ------------->
|subdivision_type         = Country
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Washington|County]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[Washington (state)|Washington]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Walla Walla County, Washington|Walla Walla]]
<!-- Government ----------->
|government_footnotes     =
|government_type          = [[Council–manager]]
|governing_body           = City council
|leader_title1            = Mayor
|leader_name1             = Tom Scribner
|leader_title2            = City manager
|leader_name2             = Nabiel Shawa
|established_title        =
|established_date         =
<!-- Area ----------------->
|unit_pref                = Imperial
|area_footnotes           = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">((cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_53.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=August 7, 2020))</ref>
|area_magnitude           =
|area_total_km2           = 35.95
|area_total_sq_mi         = 13.88
|area_land_km2            = 35.86
|area_land_sq_mi          = 13.85
|area_water_km2           = 0.08
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.03
<!-- Population  ---------->
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_est           = 33927
|pop_est_as_of            = 2021
|pop_est_footnotes        = <ref name="USCensusEst2021"/>
|population_footnotes     = <ref name="2020 Census (City)"/>
|population_total         = 34060
|population_density_km2   = 917.42
|population_density_sq_mi = 2376.14
|population_urban         = 55805 (US: [[List of United States urban areas|464th]])
|population_metro         = 62682 (US: [[Metropolitan statistical area|382th]])
<!-- General information -->
|timezone                 = [[Pacific Time Zone|PST]]
|utc_offset               = −8
|timezone_DST             = PDT
|utc_offset_DST           = −7
|elevation_footnotes      =
|elevation_m              = 287
|elevation_ft             = 942
|coordinates              = ((coord|46|3|54|N|118|19|49|W|type:city_region:US-WA|display=it))
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP Code]]
|postal_code              = 99362
|area_code                = [[Area code 509|509]]
|area_code_type           = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 53-75775
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info = 1512769<ref name="GR3">((cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|date=October 25, 2007))</ref>
|website                  = ((URL|https://www.wallawallawa.gov/|wallawallawa.gov))
|footnotes                =
))

'''Walla Walla''' (((IPAc-en|ˌ|w|ɑː|l|ə|_|ˈ|w|ɑː|l|ə)) ((respell|WAH|lə|_|WAH|lə)))<ref>((Cite Merriam-Webster|Walla Walla|accessdate=2024-03-24))</ref> is a city in and the [[county seat|seat of government]] of [[Walla Walla County, Washington]], United States.<ref name="GR6">((cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|access-date=June 7, 2011|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties))</ref> It had a population of 34,060 at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]],<ref name="2020 Census (City)">((cite web|title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US5375775 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=June 23, 2022))</ref> estimated to have decreased to 33,927 as of 2021.<ref name="USCensusEst2021"/> The population of the city and its two suburbs, the town of [[College Place, Washington|College Place]] and unincorporated [[Walla Walla East, Washington|Walla Walla East]], is about 45,000.<ref>((cite web|title=Official Population Estimates|url=http://www.ofm.wa.gov/pop/april1/default.asp|publisher=Washington State Office of Financial Management|access-date=December 24, 2013))</ref>

Walla Walla is in the southeastern region of Washington, approximately four hours away from [[Portland, Oregon]], and four and a half hours from [[Seattle]]. It is located only ((cvt|6|mi|0)) north of the [[Oregon]] border.

==History==
((Main|History of Walla Walla, Washington))

===Native history and early settlement===
((See also|Tragedy at Waiilatpu|Whitman Mission National Historic Site))[[File:Old Mission, Waiilatpu (3641703520).jpg|alt=Old Mission, Waiilatpu|left|thumb|242x242px|Old Mission, Waiilatpu]]
Walla Walla's history starts in 1806 when the [[Lewis and Clark Expedition|Lewis and Clark expedition]] encountered the [[Walla Walla people|Walawalałáma]] (Walla Walla people) near the mouth of [[Walla Walla River]]. Other inhabitants of the valley included the [[Cayuse people|Liksiyu]] (Cayuse), [[Umatilla people|Imatalamłáma]] (Umatilla), and [[Nez Perce people|Niimíipu]] (Nez Perce) indigenous peoples.<ref name=":72">((cite web |last=Paulus |first=Michael J. Jr. |date=February 7, 2008 |title=Town of Walla Walla is named on November 17, 1859. |url=http://www.historylink.org/File/8478 |access-date=February 21, 2022 |website=[[HistoryLink]]))</ref> In 1818, Fort Walla Walla (originally [[Fort Nez Percés]]), a fur trading outpost run by [[Hudson's Bay Company]] (HBC), was established and operated as an important stopping point in [[Oregon Country]].<ref name=":02">((cite web |title=The Many Fort Walla Wallas –- Whitman Mission National Historic Site |url=https://www.nps.gov/whmi/learn/historyculture/the-many-fort-walla-wallas.htm |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |accessdate=February 20, 2022))</ref> Abandoned in 1855, it is now underwater behind the [[McNary Dam]].<ref name=":52">((cite web |last=Colt Denfeld |first=Duane |date=July 9, 2011 |title=Fort Walla Walla |url=https://www.historylink.org/file/9649 |work=[[HistoryLink]] |accessdate=February 20, 2022))</ref>

On October 16, 1836,<ref name=":110">((cite web |last=Wilma |first=David |date=February 14, 2003 |title=Dr. Marcus Whitman establishes a mission at Waiilatpu on October 16, 1836. |url=http://www.historylink.org/file/5191 |access-date=February 21, 2022 |website=[[HistoryLink]]))</ref> after news of a Nez Perce((Efn|Some sources say that Flathead ([[Bitterroot Salish]]) delegates were sent, but the Nez Perce tribe has claimed all four delegates as belonging to their tribes. It has been suggested that "Flathead" was being used to describe the Nez Perce appearance, rather than the tribe.<ref name=":162" /><ref name="calvary">((Cite news |last=Bell |first=Kim |date=March 30, 2003 |title=Nez Perce ceremony "reclaims" two Indians |pages=C13 |work=[[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/?clipping_id=34492438&fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjE0MjgzMzAyMywiaWF0IjoxNjQ1OTA3OTMxLCJleHAiOjE2NDU5OTQzMzF9.c84grBJmQbW1Ttx6NIhoh-M81ti8liWjwkOzeswk-4s))</ref>|name=np)) expedition to learn about [[Christianity]] and a deal was brokered between the Cayuse people for the use of the Waiilatpu region,<ref name=":162">((Cite journal |last=Haines |first=Francis |date=1937 |title=The Nez Percé Delegation to St. Louis in 1831 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3634109 |journal=Pacific Historical Review |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=71–78 |doi=10.2307/3634109 |jstor=3634109 |issn=0030-8684))</ref><ref>((Cite book |last=Prucha |first=Francis Paul |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/12021586 |title=The great father : the United States government and the American Indians |date=1986 |isbn=978-0-8032-8712-9 |edition=Abridged |location=Lincoln |oclc=12021586))</ref><ref>((Cite journal |last=Drury |first=Clifford M. |date=1939 |title=The Nez Perce "Delegation" of 1831 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20611199 |journal=[[Oregon Historical Quarterly]] |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=283–287 |jstor=20611199 |issn=0030-4727))</ref><ref name=":172">((Cite book |last=Lyman |first=William Denison |author-link=William Denison Lyman |title=Lyman's History of old Walla Walla County |publisher=Outlook Verlag |year=2020 |isbn=978-3752433838 |language=English))</ref> [[Calvinism|Calvinist]] missionaries [[Marcus Whitman|Marcus]] and [[Narcissa Whitman]] established the [[Whitman Mission National Historic Site|Whitman Mission]].<ref name=":202">((Cite book |last=Harden |first=Blaine |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1226073551 |title=Murder at the mission : a frontier killing, its legacy of lies, and the taking of the American West |date=2021 |others=Jeffrey L. Ward |isbn=978-0-525-56166-8 |location=[New York] |oclc=1226073551))</ref><ref name=":212">((Cite journal |last=Belknap |first=George N. |date=1961 |title=Authentic Account of the Murder of Dr. Whitman: The History of a Pamphlet |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24299944 |journal=The Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America |volume=55 |issue=4 |pages=319–346 |doi=10.1086/pbsa.55.4.24299944 |jstor=24299944 |s2cid=193120962 |issn=0006-128X))</ref> A deep distrust of the settlers was cultivated between the Cayuse and the settlers as the Whitmans struggled to convert the natives, failed to fulfill promises, and shifted their focus to whites passing through along the [[Oregon Trail]].<ref name=":202" /><ref name=":212" /> In 1847, following a deadly [[measles]] outbreak, and reports of the Whitmans poisoning the Cayuse, the Whitmans were warned to leave the area because of the Cayuse custom of killing medicine men whose patients died. They refused to leave, and were [[Whitman massacre|killed by the Cayuse, along with 12 others]].<ref name=":202" /><ref>((cite web |last=Tate |first=Cassandra |date=April 16, 2010 |title=Trial of five Cayuse accused of Whitman murder begins on May 21, 1850. |url=http://www.historylink.org/File/9401 |access-date=March 4, 2022 |website=[[HistoryLink]]))</ref><ref name=":212" /> The site was later designated as Whitman National Monument, a [[National Historic Site (United States)|National Historic Site]].<ref>((cite web |title=Park Archives: Whitman Mission National Historic Site |url=http://npshistory.com/publications/whmi/index.htm |access-date=February 27, 2022 |website=npshistory.com))</ref>

[[Catholic missions|Catholic missionaries]] also arrived in the 1840s, and the [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] ceremonies resonated with the tribe.<ref name=":52" /><ref name=":110" /> On July 24, 1846 [[Pope Pius IX]] established the Diocese of Walla Walla. [[Augustin-Magloire Blanchet]] was appointed the first Bishop of Walla Walla, but fled shortly after the Whitman massacre. The Diocese of Walla Walla is now a [[titular see]] held by [[Witold Mroziewski]], an [[auxiliary bishop]] of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn|Brooklyn, New York]].<ref name=":32">((cite web |title=Titular Episcopal See of Walla Walla |url=http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/former/t1986.htm |access-date=October 9, 2018 |website=GCatholic))</ref><ref name=":42">((cite web |last=Paulus |first=Michael J. Jr. |date=August 17, 2010 |title=Catholicism in the Walla Walla Valley |url=http://www.historylink.org/File/9514 |access-date=February 21, 2022 |website=[[HistoryLink]]))</ref> [[File:Walla walla.jpg|thumb|Fort Walla Walla - 1874]]In 1855, the [[Walla Walla Council (1855)|Walla Walla Treaty Council]] was held at Waiilatpu between the [[Washington State Legislature|Washington Territorial Assembly]] and the tribal leaders of the surrounding area. Despite the indigenous people citing [[Natural law|Tamanwit]] (natural law), the following year the natives agreed to surrender millions of acres of land for a [[Indian reservation|native reservation]] and $150,000.<ref name=":72" /><ref name=":112">((cite web |last=Nisbet |first=Jack |date=May 20, 2008 |title=Artist Gustavus Sohon documents the Walla Walla treaty council in May, 1855. |url=http://www.historylink.org/File/8595 |access-date=February 21, 2022 |website=[[HistoryLink]]))</ref><ref name=":122">((cite web |title=Treaty of Walla Walla, 1855 ((!)) GOIA |url=https://goia.wa.gov/tribal-government/treaty-walla-walla-1855 |access-date=February 21, 2022 |website=goia.wa.gov))</ref><ref name=":132">((cite web |last=Trafzer |first=Cliff |date=October 22, 2018 |title=Walla Walla Treaty Council 1855 |url=https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/walla_walla_treaty_council_1855/#.YhMxk9-IZB0 |access-date=February 20, 2022 |website=[[Oregon Encyclopedia]]))</ref> The [[Umatilla Indian Reservation]]'s boundaries eventually shrunk to less than 200,000 of acreage.<ref name=":92">((cite web |last=Tate |first=Cassandra |date=April 3, 2013 |title=Cayuse Indians |url=http://www.historylink.org/File/10365 |access-date=February 22, 2022 |website=[[HistoryLink]]))</ref>

===Founding===
((see also|National Register of Historic Places listings in Walla Walla County, Washington))The Walla Walla treaty remained unratified for four years, during which time the conflict between the natives and settlers was increasing due to [[frontier]]smen encroaching on the promised reservation and the Walla Walla and Umatilla peoples' refusal to move to the Umatilla Indian Reservation.<ref name=":10">((Cite journal |last=Clark |first=Robert Carlton |date=1935 |title=Military History of Oregon, 1849-59 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20610911 |journal=Oregon Historical Quarterly |volume=36 |issue=1 |pages=14–59 |issn=0030-4727 |jstor=20610911))</ref><ref>((cite web |title=Umatilla Relationships with US - Making Treaties |url=http://trailtribes.org/umatilla/making-treaties.htm |access-date=February 22, 2022 |website=trailtribes.org |archive-date=January 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120135404/http://trailtribes.org/umatilla/making-treaties.htm |url-status=dead ))</ref> The [[United States Army]] established a presence in a series of [[Fortification|military forts]] beginning in 1856. A community named "Steptoeville" grew around [[Fort Walla Walla]], named for Lieutenant Colonel [[Edward Steptoe]], and later his name was bestowed upon [[Steptoe, Washington]].<ref name=":02"/><ref>((Cite book |last=Meany |first=Edmond S. |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001444300 |title=Origin of Washington geographic names |date=1923 |publisher=University of Washington press |isbn=933314241X |location=Seattle))</ref> The fort has since been restored with a museum about the early settlers' lives.<ref name=":7">((cite web |last=Paulus |first=Michael J. Jr. |date=February 7, 2008 |title=Town of Walla Walla is named on November 17, 1859. |url=http://www.historylink.org/File/8478 |access-date=February 21, 2022 |website=[[HistoryLink]]))</ref><ref name=":52"/><ref>Josephy, ''The Nez Perce'', p. 367</ref>

Growth in the region was limited due to a ban on immigration to the area due to the constant warring with the natives from the [[Department of the Pacific]]'s General [[John E. Wool|John Ellis Wool]], who was sympathetic to the natives.<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":18">((cite web |date=1969 |title=Visitor information service book for the Deschutes National Forest : an abstract of literature, personal recollections, and interviews dealing with the Deschutes Forest |url=https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/defaults/d504rm66x |access-date=February 22, 2022 |website=[[Oregon State University]]))</ref> In 1858, the department was split, leaving Washington territory under the command of General [[William S. Harney]], who lifted the ban on October 31, 1858.<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":18" /> Thousands of pioneers swarmed to the area, creating a burgeoning farming and mining community.<ref name="HistoryLink">((cite web |last=Paulus |first=Michael J. Jr. |date=February 26, 2008 |title=Walla Walla — Thumbnail History |url=https://www.historylink.org/File/8486 |work=[[HistoryLink]] |accessdate=February 20, 2022))</ref>

On March 15, 1859, Walla Walla county held its first county commission and election in the community's first church, [[St. Patrick's Church (Walla Walla, Washington)|St. Patrick's Church]], which still serves as the city's parish.<ref name=":42"/><ref>((cite web | last=Paulus | first=Michael J. Jr. |date=August 18, 2010 |title=St. Patrick's Church is established in Walla Walla in 1859. |url=http://www.historylink.org/File/9516 |access-date=February 27, 2022 |website=[[HistoryLink]]))</ref> Following the ratification of the Walla Walla treaty,<ref name=":7" /><ref>((cite web |title=Cayuse, Umatilla, Walla Walla Treaty |url=https://www.sos.wa.gov/legacy/werestillhere/pdf/cayuse%20umatilla%20walla%20walla%20treaty.pdf |access-date=February 21, 2022 |website=[[Secretary of State of Washington]]))</ref><ref>((Cite book |last1=Gray |first1=Claude M. |title=Walla Walla Story - Illustrated Description Of The History And Resources Of The Valley They Liked So Well They Named It Twice |last2=Gulick |first2=Bill |last3=Jones |first3=Nard |last4=Maxey |first4=Dr. C. C. |last5=Mcvay |first5=Alfred |last6=Orchard |first6=Vance |last7=Tooker |first7=John |date=1953 |publisher=Walla Wall Chamber Of Commerce |language=English |asin=B001SUTYPS))</ref> the commission voted to name the settlement Walla Walla, on November 17, 1859<ref>((cite web |last=Hamilton |first=Robin |date=April 29, 2019 |title=How Walla Walla Got Its Name |url=https://www.union-bulletin.com/lifestyles/how-walla-walla-got-its-name/article_e787bcf8-6ac6-11e9-adbd-778d0329d6f1.html |access-date=February 22, 2022 |website=[[Walla Walla Union-Bulletin]] |language=en))</ref> and the military carried out the forced displacement of the remaining natives, under the threat of [[hanging]].<ref>((cite web |title=Brief History of CTUIR |url=https://ctuir.org/about/brief-history-of-ctuir/ |access-date=February 22, 2022 |website=[[Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation]]))</ref><ref>((cite web |title=George H. Abbott |url=https://truwe.sohs.org/files/abbott.html |access-date=February 22, 2022 |website=truwe.sohs.org))</ref> [[File:08420-Walla Walla-1906-Whitman College, Memorial Building-Brück & Sohn Kunstverlag.jpg|alt=Whitman College, Memorial Building, 1906|thumb|Whitman College, Memorial Building, 1906|243x243px]]On December 20, 1859, the first educational charter was granted to Whitman Seminary, a high school, which opened on October 15, 1866. In 1882, the institution's name was changed to [[Whitman College]], and the legislature issued a new educational charter as a four-year private [[college]].<ref name=":19">((cite web |last1=Becker |first1=Paula |date=March 31, 2006 |title=Walla Walla County – Thumbnail History |url=http://www.historylink.org/File/7679 |publisher=[[HistoryLink]]))</ref>

The [[Mullan Road]], the first [[Wagon train|wagon]] road to cross the [[Rocky Mountains]] into the [[Pacific Northwest]], tied Walla Walla to more mining opportunities, and after gold was discovered in 1860, the area became the [[Outfitter|outfitting point]] for the [[Orofino, Idaho|Oro Fino, Idaho]] mines.<ref>((cite web |date=November 5, 2009 |title=The Mullan Road: A Real Northwest Passage |url=http://www.historylink.org/File/9202 |access-date=February 21, 2022 |website=[[HistoryLink]]))</ref><ref name="cpsithr">((cite news |last=Swergal |first=Edwin |date=December 14, 1952 |title=Captain Mullan sees it through |page=8 |newspaper=[[Spokesman-Review]] |agency=''This Week'' section |location=[[Spokane, Washington]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=MTBWAAAAIBAJ&pg=3858%2C817305))</ref> The nearest part of the road followed the modern approximate path from [[Spokane, Washington|Spokane]] to Walla Walla via [[Interstate 90]], [[U.S. Route 195]], and [[U.S. Route 12 in Washington|U.S. Route 12]].<ref>((cite web |last=Clark |first=Daniel |title=Final work on historic Mullan Road through Walla Walla began 160 years ago |url=https://www.union-bulletin.com/local_columnists/walla_walla_2020_and_beyond/final-work-on-historic-mullan-road-through-walla-walla-began-160-years-ago/article_a1117de4-bf07-11eb-a0db-3f6e2188ef6b.html |access-date=February 21, 2022 |website=[[Walla Walla Union-Bulletin]] |date=June 13, 2021 |language=en))</ref> The population swelled due to the [[gold rush]], resulting in an unsuccessful proposal to Congress to split Walla Walla from Washington into its own territory.<ref name=":8">((Cite news |last=Caldbick |first=John |date=June 1, 2013 |title=Washington Territorial Legislature incorporates City of Walla Walla on January 11, 1862. |url=http://www.historylink.org/File/10387 |access-date=February 22, 2022 |website=[[HistoryLink]]))</ref>

===Gold rush and growth===
[[File:Bird's eye view of Walla Walla, Washington Territory 1876. LOC 75696671.jpg|alt=Bird's eye view of Walla Walla, Washington Territory 1876|thumb|343x343px|Bird's eye view of Walla Walla, Washington Territory 1876|left]]Walla Walla was incorporated on January 11, 1862.<ref>((cite web |title=City of Walla Walla, Community Information |url=http://www.ci.walla-walla.wa.us/index.asp?Type=B_LIST&SEC={E387D88A-E80E-4B29-83C1-2AF6DED68853} |access-date=February 5, 2013 |publisher=Ci.walla-walla.wa.us))</ref> The first election was held on April 1, 1862, and Judge [[Elias Bean Whitman]], Marcus Whitman's cousin, was elected as the city's first mayor.<ref name="HistoryLink" /><ref name=":8" /><ref name=":15">((cite web |last=Reed |first=Diane |date=April 29, 2019 |title=The Beginnings of Local and Regional Government |url=https://www.union-bulletin.com/lifestyles/the-beginnings-of-local-and-regional-government/article_f0cdcc0c-6ac7-11e9-ad59-933e6ae17b35.html |access-date=February 22, 2022 |website=[[Walla Walla Union-Bulletin]] |language=en))</ref><ref>((cite web |last=Pickett |first=Susan |date=April 12, 1862 |title=Cousin of Marcus Whitman elected as Walla Walla's first mayor |url=https://www.union-bulletin.com/local_columnists/cousin-of-marcus-whitman-elected-as-walla-wallas-first-mayor/article_b565adc1-6ecb-5093-862b-35607fcb0c1f.html |access-date=February 22, 2022 |website=Union-Bulletin.com |language=en))</ref> The population exploded over the following decade to 300% its size, making it the largest city in the territory, slating it to be the capital until cities surpassed it again, after it was bypassed by the transcontinental rail lines in the 1880s.<ref name=":2">((Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/351325565 |title=The new encyclopaedia Britannica. |date=2010 |others=Inc Encyclopaedia Britannica |isbn=978-1-59339-837-8 |edition=15 |location=Chicago, Ill. |oclc=351325565))</ref><ref name=":8" /><ref name=":14">((cite web |last=Reed |first=Diane |date=April 29, 2019 |title=Walla Walla and the Gold Rush |url=https://www.union-bulletin.com/lifestyles/walla-walla-and-the-gold-rush/article_b5ee1870-6ac8-11e9-aa60-f7ee81680913.html |access-date=February 21, 2022 |website=[[Walla Walla Union-Bulletin]] |language=en))</ref>

During the 1860s, the city established its first businesses and community gathering spaces, a number of which served as the first in Pacific Northwest. The city's first newspaper was one of the first between [[Missouri]] and the [[Cascade Range|Cascades]], the ''[[Walla Walla Union-Bulletin|Washington Statesman]]'', was founded in 1861''.<ref>((cite web |last=Wilma |first=David |date=February 6, 2003 |title=Washington Statesman begins publication in Walla Walla on November 29, 1861. - HistoryLink.org |url=https://www.historylink.org/File/5179 |access-date=February 22, 2022 |website=[[HistoryLink]]))</ref><ref>((cite web |title=The Evening Statesman (Walla Walla, Wash.) 1903-1910 |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/sn88085421/ |access-date=February 22, 2022 |website=Library of Congress))</ref><ref>((cite web |last=Blethen |first=Rob |date=April 29, 2019 |title=The First Newspaper in Walla Walla |url=https://www.union-bulletin.com/lifestyles/the-first-newspaper-in-walla-walla/article_5b1ceaee-6ac7-11e9-9875-1fdf54cbc3fd.html |access-date=February 22, 2022 |website=[[Walla Walla Union-Bulletin]] |language=en))</ref>'' The first bank, [[Baker Boyer Bank]], was the first in the state, was founded in 1869<ref>((cite web |last=Becker |first=Paula |date=October 17, 2007 |title=Baker Boyer Bank opens in Walla Walla on November 10, 1869. |url=http://www.historylink.org/File/8333 |access-date=March 4, 2022 |website=[[HistoryLink]]))</ref> by one of the city's first [[Municipal council|council members]],<ref name=":8" /> [[Dorsey Syng Baker]] and his brother-in-law [[John F. Boyer|John Franklin Boyer]],<ref name=":14" /><ref>((Cite journal |last=Baker |first=W. W. |date=1923 |title=The Building of the Walla Walla & Columbia River Railroad |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40474681 |journal=The Washington Historical Quarterly |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=3–13 |issn=0361-6223 |jstor=40474681))</ref><ref name=":19" /><ref>((cite book |last1=Bentley |first1=Judy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z6ikCwAAQBAJ&dq=Baker+Boyer+Bank&pg=PA59 |title=Walking Washington's History: Ten Cities |date=April 5, 2016 |publisher=University of Washington Press |isbn=9780295806679))</ref> and as of March 2022, still served as the oldest bank in state.<ref>((cite web |last=White |first=Martha C. |date=March 2, 2022 |title=Oil soars as markets, consumers brace for more volatility |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/business/crude-oil-ukraine-russia-price-volatility-analysis-rcna18449 |access-date=March 4, 2022 |website=[[NBC News]] |language=en))</ref> The Pioneer Meat Market, run by partners John Dooley and William Kirkman, was opened during this time and remained there until they sold it to Christopher Ennis in 1882 and founded the Walla Walla Dressed Meat Company.<ref>((cite web |last=Monahan |first=Susan |date=March 10, 2017 |title=A cut above the norm: Pioneer Meat Market on Main Street |url=https://www.union-bulletin.com/local_columnists/in_times_past/a-cut-above-the-norm-pioneer-meat-market-on-main-street/article_7302af3c-05ba-11e7-87f6-6be514ed659d.html |access-date=March 13, 2022 |website=[[Walla Walla Union-Bulletin]] |language=en))</ref><ref>((Cite book |last=Bennett |first=Robert Allen |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/6649756 |title=Walla Walla: Portrait of a Western Town, 1804-1898 |date=June 1, 1980 |publisher=Pioneer Press Books |isbn=0-936546-00-X |location=Walla, Walla, WA |oclc=6649756))</ref><ref>((cite web |title=Chapter 6 |url=https://www.kirkmanhousemuseum.org/chapter-6 |access-date=March 13, 2022 |website=Kirkmanhousemuseum |language=en))</ref><ref name=":11">((Cite book |last=Reed |first=Diane B. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/866922900 |title=Legendary locals of Walla Walla, Washington |date=2014 |isbn=978-1-4671-0117-2 |location=Charleston, South Carolina |oclc=866922900))</ref>

One of the first [[Brickwork|brick buildings]] in the city was also Walla Walla's first store, [[Schwabacher Brothers]] Store on Main street, which served as the city's grocer, builder supply, and clothes shop. Sigmond Schwabacher, one of the brothers, also served in the city's council.<ref>((cite web |last=Paulus |first=Michael J. Jr. |date=July 17, 2011 |title=Schwabacher Brothers open store in Walla Walla in the fall of 1860. |url=http://www.historylink.org/File/9843 |access-date=March 6, 2022 |website=[[HistoryLink]]))</ref> The city's first book store was opened in 1864, and an academic community formed around the city's book collection as the Calliopean Society and later incorporated as the Walla Walla Library Association.<ref>((cite web |last=Paulus |first=Michael J. Jr. |date=August 24, 2008 |title=The Walla Walla Library Association is incorporated on January 20, 1865. |url=http://www.historylink.org/File/8729 |access-date=March 6, 2022 |website=[[HistoryLink]]))</ref><ref>((cite web |last=Monahan |first=Susan |date=February 12, 2018 |title=How did early Walla Wallans endure winter weather? |url=https://www.union-bulletin.com/local_columnists/in_times_past/how-did-early-walla-wallans-endure-winter-weather/article_a7400fbe-102d-11e8-994d-dbe4671bf765.html |access-date=March 6, 2022 |website=[[Walla Walla Union-Bulletin]] |language=en))</ref> The city also had one of the region's first [[Brewery|breweries]],<ref name="rizzo1908">((Cite book |last=Rizzo |first=Michael F. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/940922344 |title=Washington beer : a heady history of Evergreen State brewing |date=2016 |isbn=978-1-4671-1908-5 |location=Charleston, SC |oclc=940922344))</ref> Emil Meyer's City Brewery,<ref name=":9">((cite web |last=Reed |first=Diane B. |date=August 29, 2021 |title=Brewing up history: Beer has a long tradition in Walla Walla, more famous today for its wine industry |url=https://www.union-bulletin.com/lifestyles/brewing-up-history-beer-has-a-long-tradition-in-walla-walla-more-famous-today-for/article_e4db426e-f95c-11eb-bba9-fb386a568f93.html |access-date=March 6, 2022 |website=[[Walla Walla Union-Bulletin]] |language=en |issn=2154-6207))</ref>  that also served as a [[bakery]].<ref name=":1" /> Downtown also hosted a [[post office]], several hotels, restaurants, a [[Public bathing|bathhouse]] and [[Barber|shaving saloon]], a [[liquor store]], a [[Pharmacy (shop)|drugstore]], and several manufactories.<ref name=":1">((Cite news |date=December 13, 1861 |title=Advertising Section |volume=1 |page=3 |work=[[Washington Statesman|Walla Walla Union-Bulletin]] |url=https://www.sos.wa.gov/legacy/images/newspapers/sl_dir_wallawallawashstat/pdf/sl_dir_wallawallawashstat_12131861.pdf |access-date=March 6, 2022 |issn=2768-170X))</ref><ref name=":12">((cite web |last=McIntyre Walker |first=Catie |date=February 28, 2019 |title=Walla Walla, the way it used to be |url=https://www.union-bulletin.com/news/history/walla-walla-the-way-it-used-to-be/article_b98668ae-3b8c-11e9-a925-7fff5c587e74.html |access-date=March 14, 2022 |website=[[Walla Walla Union-Bulletin]] |language=en |issn=2154-6207))</ref>

During the gold rush, large populations of [[History of Chinese Americans|Chinese]] settlers arrived in the city from [[Portland, Oregon]], creating a neighborhood referred to as "[[Chinatown]]".<ref>((cite book |author=Walter Nugent |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0AvI-biS6EsC&q=spokane+chinatown&pg=PA215 |title=Into the West: The Story of Its People |date=December 18, 2007 | publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing |isbn=9780307426420))</ref> The Chinese settlers mainly worked in commerce, mining, and [[Rail transport|railroad]] contracts. After Mullan was unable to lobby the state to make Walla Walla a major railroad stop, and a fire in Chinatown destroyed most of the neighborhood, the immigrants left to find work elsewhere,<ref>((cite web |last=Hessel |first=Katherine |date=October 16, 2015 |title=Forgotten Chinatown In Walla Walla |url=https://www.yaktrinews.com/forgotten-chinatown-in-walla-walla/ |access-date=March 6, 2022 |website=[[KVEW]] |language=en-US))</ref><ref>((cite web |last=Chin |first=Art |date=March 2, 2012 |title=COMMENTARY: A Shadow of the Past: the Chinese experience in Walla Walla |url=http://nwasianweekly.com/2012/03/commentary-a-shadow-of-the-past-the-chinese-experience-in-walla-walla/ |access-date=March 6, 2022 |website=[[Northwest Asian Weekly]] |language=en-US))</ref> including [[Eng Ah King]], who was informally known as the "mayor of Chinatown" for revitalizing [[Chinatown–International District, Seattle|Seattle's Chinatown]].<ref>((cite web |last=Lange |first=Greg |date=April 23, 2000 |title=King, Eng Ah (1863-1915) |url=http://www.historylink.org/File/10629 |access-date=March 6, 2022 |website=[[HistoryLink]]))</ref><ref>((Cite book |author1-link=Quintard Taylor |last=Taylor |first=Quintard |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/930704151 |title=The forging of a black community : Seattle's Central District, from 1870 through the Civil Rights Era |date=1994 |isbn=978-0-295-80223-7 |location=Seattle |oclc=930704151))</ref>

In 1886, while Washington was lobbying for statehood, local business man [[Levi Ankeny]] donated 160 acres of land to the city to serve as the site of a new prison. Legislators approved the site, and in 1887, the state began transferring prisoners to the Washington Territorial Prison from [[Saatco Prison]], a privately owned facility that was shut down in 1888 because of its poor living conditions.<ref name=":23">((cite web |last=Freeman |first=Bob |date=February 7, 2021 |title=A few memorable tales of the history of the Washington State Penitentiary |url=https://www.union-bulletin.com/opinion/opinion_columns/a-few-memorable-tales-of-the-history-of-the-washington-state-penitentiary/article_ae7e9cb8-1a80-5f5f-abc6-09922f219eed.html |access-date=March 6, 2022 |website=[[Walla Walla Union-Bulletin]] |language=en))</ref><ref>((cite web |last=Plog |first=Kari |date=January 22, 2019 |title=Hell on Earth: A forgotten prison that predates McNeil Island |url=https://www.knkx.org/news/2019-01-22/hell-on-earth-a-forgotten-prison-that-predates-mcneil-island |access-date=March 6, 2022 |website=[[KNKX]] |language=en))</ref> The first inmate was a local, William Murphy, who was serving an 18-year sentence for [[manslaughter]].<ref name=":242">((cite web |last=Wilma |first=David |date=February 6, 2003 |title=First convicts occupy penitentiary at Walla Walla on May 11, 1887. |url=http://www.historylink.org/File/5180 |access-date=March 6, 2022 |website=[[HistoryLink]]))</ref> There have been many [[prison escape]]s attempted in the prison's history.<ref name=":24">((cite web |last=Wilma |first=David |date=February 6, 2003 |title=First convicts occupy penitentiary at Walla Walla on May 11, 1887. |url=http://www.historylink.org/File/5180 |access-date=March 6, 2022 |website=[[HistoryLink]]))</ref><ref>((cite web |last=Gibson |first=Elizabeth |date=April 26, 2009 |title=Nine die in escape attempt at Washington State Penitentiary in Walla Walla on February 12, 1934. |url=http://www.historylink.org/file/7650 |access-date=March 6, 2022 |website=[[HistoryLink]]))</ref><ref>((Cite news |date=November 4, 1955 |title=10 CONVICTS FLEE PRISON BY TUNNEL; Felons in Washington State Escape Through Thirty-Foot Passage Dug Under Wall |language=en-US |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1955/11/04/archives/10-convicts-flee-prison-by-tunnel-felons-in-washington-state-escape.html |access-date=March 6, 2022 |issn=0362-4331))</ref><ref>((cite web |last=Shapiro |first=Nina |date=June 12, 2017 |title=5 of the most daring Washington state inmate escapes |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/law-justice/5-of-the-most-daring-washington-state-inmate-escapes/ |access-date=March 6, 2022 |website=[[The Seattle Times]] |language=en-US))</ref> In 1887, the prison took in its first woman inmate, and had to improvise accommodations until a separate facility was built nearby.<ref name=":23" /><ref>((Cite journal |last=Stammen |first=Emma |date=January 1, 2020 |title=Benevolent Feminism and the Gendering of Criminality: Historical and Ideological Constructions of US Women's Prisons |url=https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1508 |journal=Scripps Senior Theses))</ref> When Washington became a state in 1889, the facility officially became the Washington State Penitentiary, but inmates nicknamed it "The Hill", "The Joint", "The Walls", and "The Pen".<ref name=":23" />

===Agricultural center===
[[File:Fruit farm and vineyard, Walla Walla, Washington, 1890s.jpg|alt=Fruit farm and vineyard, 1890s|thumb|241x241px|Fruit farm and vineyard, 1890s]]
As the gold rush died out, the city developed into an agricultural center referred to as the "cradle of Pacific Northwest history",<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":14" /> and the "garden city",<ref name=":12" /> a popular source for [[onion]]s, [[apple]]s, [[pea]]s, and [[Wine Grapes|wine grapes]].<ref name=":7" />

Italian settlers from [[Lonate Pozzolo]] and [[Calabria]] regions formed the core of the gardening industry, and settled in neighborhoods known as "Blalock" and the "South Ninth".<ref name="HistoryLink" /><ref name=":3">((cite web |last=Cipalla ((!)) |first=Rita |date=May 17, 2021 |title=Early Italians nurtured the Walla Walla onions from humble beginnings |url=https://italoamericano.org/the-walla-walla-onion-and-italy/ |access-date=March 6, 2022 |website=[[L'Italo Americano]] |language=en-US))</ref><ref name=":6">((cite web |title=Italians in Walla Walla Collection 1917-2018 - Archives West |url=https://archiveswest.orbiscascade.org/ark:/80444/xv66900 |access-date=March 6, 2022 |website=[[Orbis Cascade Alliance]]))</ref> One of the main contributions of the Italians to Walla Walla commerce was their [[vineyard]]s, and soon after, [[wine tasting]] rooms, the first two opening in the 1880s by [[Frank Orselli]] and [[Pasquale Saturno]].<ref>((cite web |last=Cipalla |first=Rita |date=July 19, 2018 |title=Italian Immigrants: How They Helped Define the Wine Industry of Walla Walla |url=http://www.historylink.org/file/20607 |access-date=March 6, 2022 |website=[[HistoryLink]]))</ref><ref name=":11" /> The Italian Walla Walla population was also responsible for growing Washington State's official vegetable,<ref>((cite web |last=Tuinstra |first=Rachel |date=April 21, 2007 |title=Walla Walla Sweet Onion now is the state vegetable |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/walla-walla-sweet-onion-now-is-the-state-vegetable/ |access-date=March 6, 2022 |website=[[The Seattle Times]] |language=en-US))</ref> the Walla Walla [[sweet onion]].<ref name="HistoryLink" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":6" /> [[File:08419-Walla Walla-1906-W. P. Resers Wheat Field, Walla Walla, Wash.-Brück & Sohn Kunstverlag.jpg|alt=Wheat Field, Walla Walla, Washington, 1906|thumb|241x241px|Wheat Field, Walla Walla, Washington, 1906]]
It was the technique of [[dryland farming]], though, that made Walla Walla the region's [[breadbasket]] known for its [[wheat]] exports.<ref name="HistoryLink" /><ref name=":19" /> The cultivating of grains brought hundreds of [[Seventh-day Adventist theology|Seventh-day Adventists]] (SDA) to the city, building [[Walla Walla University|Walla Walla College]] and the [[Walla Walla General Hospital|Walla Walla Sanitarium]].<ref name=":22">((Cite book |last=Johnson |first=Doug R. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/35050746 |title=Adventism on the Northwestern frontier |date=1996 |publisher=Oronoko Books |isbn=1-883925-12-6 |location=Berrien Springs, Michigan |oclc=35050746))</ref><ref>((cite web |last=Paulus |first=Michael J. Jr. |date=May 12, 2009 |title=The first Seventh-day Adventist church in Walla Walla is organized on May 17, 1874. |url=http://www.historylink.org/File/9014 |access-date=March 5, 2022 |website=[[HistoryLink]]))</ref> The SDA population was followed by hundreds of [[Volga Germans]], whose [[Old Lutherans|Old Lutheran]] and [[Mennonites|Mennonite]] religions were connected to SDA in [[Prussia]]. The immigrants had relied on dryland farming of wheat crops in [[Volgograd|Volgograd, Russia]].<ref>((Cite journal |last1=Schillinger |first1=William F. |last2=Papendick |first2=Robert I. |date=2008 |title=Then and Now: 125 Years of Dryland Wheat Farming in the Inland Pacific Northwest |url=https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.2134/agronj2007.0027c |journal=Agronomy Journal |volume=100 |issue=S3 |doi=10.2134/agronj2007.0027c |issn=0002-1962))</ref> The neighborhood built around the Russian-German immigrants is known as "Germantown" or "Russische Ecke (Russian Corner)" to locals, referring to the creek that runs through it as "Little [[Volga]]".<ref>((cite web |last=Eveland |first=Annie Charnley |date=July 19, 2019 |title=Australia's Walla Walla celebrates 150th anniversary |url=https://www.union-bulletin.com/local_columnists/etcetera/australia-s-walla-walla-celebrates-150th-anniversary/article_86edd580-aa31-11e9-a36d-b32098c8d1f5.html |access-date=March 5, 2022 |website=[[Walla Walla Union-Bulletin]] |language=en))</ref> The area around Walla Walla College eventually incorporated as its own city, [[College Place, Washington]].<ref>((cite web |last=Marshall |first=Patrick |date=November 6, 2013 |title=College Place votes for incorporation on December 18, 1945. |url=http://historylink.org/File/10658 |access-date=March 6, 2022 |website=[[HistoryLink]]))</ref>

German immigrants also grew [[hops]] and the city was home to several breweries.<ref>((cite web |last=Joyce-Bulay |first=Catie |date=May 12, 2021 |title=These Farmers Want You to Drink Your Hops and Eat Them Too |url=http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/cooking-with-hops |access-date=March 7, 2022 |website=[[Atlas Obscura]] |language=en))</ref><ref name=":9" /> By the 1890s, wine, beer, [[liquor]], and [[tobacco]] taxes accounted for 90% of the city's revenue,<ref name=":12" /> but the alcohol industries died out with [[Prohibition in the United States]].<ref name=":9" /><ref name="Parker pg 43">((cite book |author1=Parker, Tom |url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1199142.Discovering_Washington_Wines |title=Discovering Washington Wines: An Introduction to One of the Most Exciting Premium Wine Regions |date=September 1, 2002 |publisher=Raconteurs Press |isbn=0-9719258-5-2 |pages=39–44, 92))</ref><ref name=":5">((cite web |last=Newspapers |first=Lee |date=August 20, 2018 |title=Walla Walla's first hops farm plans to grow the region's market |url=https://wineandcraftbeveragenews.com/walla-wallas-first-hops-farm-plans-to-grow-the-regions-market/ |access-date=March 7, 2022 |website=Wine and Craft Beverage News |language=en-US))</ref>

As the city became dependent on its wheat production, merchants in the town financed a railroad to [[Wallula, Washington]], to connect Walla Walla to the [[Columbia River|Columbia river]], completed in 1875.<ref>((cite web |last=Gibson |first=Elizabeth |date=March 7, 2006 |title=Walla Walla & Columbia River Railroad is completed from Wallula to Walla Walla on October 23, 1875. |url=http://www.historylink.org/File/7630 |access-date=March 7, 2022 |website=[[HistoryLink]]))</ref><ref name="HistoryLink" /><ref name=":19" />

===20th century===
[[File:Baker Boyer National Bank.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Baker Boyer Bank]] building, built in 1911]]In 1911, Walla Walla adopted a [[mayor–council government]] referred to as a "commission" form of government. In 1954, after [[Sunnyside, Washington]] adopted another form of government, [[council–manager government]], voted down a change to council-manager, but on November 4, 1959, the city's residents voted to adopt the government form.<ref name=":8" />

Walla Walla's second [[movie theater]], American Theater, opened in 1917 showing ''[[The Law of Compensation]]'', a [[Selznick Pictures]] film starring [[Norma Talmadge]]. The theater later was sold and renamed to Liberty, and eventually became a department store around the 1930s.<ref name=":13">((cite web |last=Eveland |first=Annie Charnley |date=December 9, 2018 |title=New blog post features 1931 Mill Creek flood articles, photos |url=https://www.union-bulletin.com/local_columnists/etcetera/new-blog-post-features-1931-mill-creek-flood-articles-photos/article_39298b1c-fa52-11e8-a506-d7d32b04f1ce.html |access-date=March 20, 2022 |website=[[Walla Walla Union-Bulletin]] |language=en))</ref> In 1990, became Walla Walla's first privately renovated building as a [[The Bon Marché|Bon-Macy's]].<ref>((cite web |last=Flom |first=Eric L. |date=December 23, 2005 |title=American Theater in Walla Walla opens on August 25, 1917. |url=https://www.historylink.org/File/7579 |access-date=March 19, 2022 |website=[[HistoryLink]]))</ref><ref>((cite web |last=Eveland |first=Annie Charnley |date=September 5, 2017 |title=Main Street's once-great Liberty Theater 100 years old |url=https://www.union-bulletin.com/local_columnists/etcetera/main-street-s-once-great-liberty-theater-100-years-old/article_7385e35c-9264-11e7-b6be-9fcd54fdf5e0.html |access-date=March 20, 2022 |website=[[Walla Walla Union-Bulletin]] |language=en))</ref><ref>((cite web |title=Downtown Walla Walla: Walla Walla, Washington |url=https://www.planning.org/greatplaces/neighborhoods/2012/wallawalla.htm |access-date=March 20, 2022 |website=[[American Planning Association]]))</ref> Bon-Macy's parent-company, [[Federated Department Stores]], rebranded all of its subsidiaries to [[Macy's]], which operated in the Liberty building until 2020.<ref>((cite web |date=January 30, 2020 |title=A history of the Bon Marche in downtown Seattle |url=https://www.kiro7.com/news/local/history-bon-marche-downtown-seattle/3NKQWDDOX5HYVPWLCOQIUY4O4M/ |access-date=March 20, 2022 |website=[[KIRO-TV]]))</ref><ref>((cite web |last=Hillhouse |first=Vicki |date=January 7, 2020 |title=Macy's closing Walla Walla store |url=https://www.union-bulletin.com/news/business/macys-closing-walla-walla-store/article_f4a69d32-91a9-57a6-a1ec-ea56895b3657.html |access-date=March 20, 2022 |website=[[Walla Walla Union-Bulletin]] |language=en))</ref>

In 1927, the Real Estate Improvement Company of Seattle invested $300,000 toward the construction of the [[Marcus Whitman Hotel]]. The 174-room hotel was designed by Sherwood D. Ford and opened in 1928. It fell into disrepair in the 1960s, until it was restored in 1999 and re-opened in 2001.<ref name="HistoryLink" /><ref>((Cite book |last=Walker |first=Catie McIntyre |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1145596678 |title=Lost Restaurants of Walla Walla |date=2018 |publisher=Arcadia Publishing Inc |isbn=978-1-4396-6499-5 |location=Chicago |oclc=1145596678))</ref><ref name=":12" /><ref>((cite web |last=Franklin |first=Robert R. |date=January 15, 2019 |title=Marcus Whitman Hotel |url=https://sah-archipedia.org/buildings/WA-01-071-0013 |access-date=March 14, 2022 |website=[[Society of Architectural Historians]] |language=en))</ref> ((As of|2022|March)), the hotel was still open.<ref>((cite web |last=Charnley Eveland |first=Annie |date=March 13, 2022 |title=Organizers: The 57th AAUW book sale is at Walla Walla Marcus Whitman Hotel most successful in its history |url=https://www.union-bulletin.com/local_columnists/etcetera/organizers-the-57th-aauw-book-sale-is-at-walla-walla-marcus-whitman-hotel-most-successful/article_5cb7f718-a250-11ec-af3f-3b4e6fd4b4f2.html |access-date=March 14, 2022 |website=[[Walla Walla Union-Bulletin]] |language=en |issn=2154-6207))</ref>

Mill Creek overflowed into Walla Walla and College Place on March 31, 1931, causing $1 million in damages. Community volunteers [[Jury rigging|jury-rigged]] makeshift [[levee]]s to divert water from buildings during the cleanup which cost roughly $100,000. The [[United States Army Corps of Engineers]] built the Mill Creek Dam and Bennington Lake in response to the disaster.<ref name="HistoryLink" /><ref name=":13" /><ref>((Cite book |last=Freeman |first=Bob |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1013890485 |title=Personal stories of the Great Depression |date=2017 |others=Carroll B. Adams, Esther Whiteley, Harley Michaelis, Dorothy Hoffman, Donald D. Meiners, Emilio, Jr. Guglielmelli |isbn=978-1-5403-2168-8 |location=[Walla Walla, Wash.] |oclc=1013890485))</ref> The dam and lake were instrumental in preventing damage from flooding in 1964, 1996, and 2020.<ref>((cite web |date=February 13, 2020 |title=1940s Mill Creek Project helped divert water from downtown Walla Walla during historic 2020 flooding |url=https://www.yaktrinews.com/1940s-mill-creek-project-helped-divert-water-from-downtown-walla-walla-during-historic-flooding/ |access-date=March 25, 2022 |website=[[KVEW-TV]] |language=en-US))</ref>

During the [[Great Depression]], a [[Canadian import duties|Canadian import duty]] cut off the main market for Walla Walla's fresh agriculture. John Grant Kelly, who owned the ''[[Walla Walla Union-Bulletin]]'' at the time, opened the area's first [[Canning|cannery]], Walla Walla Canning Company. In 1939, Walla Walla produced roughly $5 million of the country's $30 million canned green pea industry, and [[Time (magazine)|''TIME'']] magazine referred to Kelly as the "Father of Peas".<ref>((Cite magazine |date=December 25, 1939 |title=MANUFACTURING: Father of Peas |language=en-US |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|TIME]] |url=http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,762149,00.html |access-date=March 14, 2022 |issn=0040-781X))</ref><ref name="HistoryLink" /><ref>((Cite book |last=Bennett |first=Robert Allen |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/21752307 |title=Walla Walla : a nice place to raise a family, 1920-1949 |date=1988 |publisher=Pioneer Press Books |isbn=0-936546-13-1 |location=Walla Walla, WA |oclc=21752307))</ref> Kelly also owned Church Grape Juice Company, a concord grape farm in [[Kennewick, Washington]]. Workers went on strike for better wages in September 1949, and Kelly had two employees arrested for speaking to the ''[[Tri-City Herald]]''. Church was one of four juice companies in the region to be charged with violations of the [[Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890]] for price-fixing grapes. [[Welch's]] bought Church from Kelly in 1952.<ref>((cite web |last=Rousso |first=Nick |date=October 14, 2021 |title=Grape Farming in Washington |url=https://www.historylink.org/File/21302 |access-date=March 26, 2022 |website=[[HistoryLink]]))</ref><ref>((cite web |last=Gibson |first=Elizabeth |date=December 3, 2005 |title=Church Grape Juice Company field workers, in Kennewick, strike for higher wages on September 22, 1949. |url=https://www.historylink.org/File/7543 |access-date=March 26, 2022 |website=[[HistoryLink]]))</ref>

In 1936, Walla Walla and surrounding areas were struck by the magnitude 6.1 [[1936 State Line earthquake|State Line earthquake]]. Residents reported hearing a moderate rumbling immediately before the shock. There was significant damage in the area, and aftershocks were felt for several months following.<ref>((cite web|url=https://assets.pnsn.org/HIST_CAT/1936.html |title=WA/OR - United States Earthquakes, 1936 |access-date=February 26, 2018))</ref>

in the 1970s and 1980s, Leonetti Cellar, Woodward Canyon, L'Ecole 41, Waterbrook Winery and Seven Hills Winery pioneered a resurgence of Walla Walla's [[viticulture]].<ref name="HistoryLink" /><ref>((cite web |last=Blecha |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Blecha|date=July 7, 2008 |title=Wine in Washington |url=https://www.historylink.org/file/8658 |access-date=March 26, 2022 |website=[[HistoryLink]]))</ref><ref>((cite web |last=Paulus |first=Michael J. Jr. |date=February 6, 2008 |title=Walla Walla |url=https://historylink.org/File/8481 |access-date=March 26, 2022 |website=[[HistoryLink]]))</ref>

In 1997, Gary Johnson founded the first brewery in Walla Walla since prohibition, Mill Creek Brewpub.<ref name="rizzo1908"/>

===21st century===
In 2001, Walla Walla was a Great American Main Street Award winner for the transformation and preservation of its once dilapidated main street.<ref>((cite web|title=Great American Main Street Award|url=http://www.preservationnation.org/main-street/awards/gamsa/2001/staunton-virginia.html#.UsSkrbRu5NQ|access-date=January 1, 2014|archive-date=January 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102200318/http://www.preservationnation.org/main-street/awards/gamsa/2001/staunton-virginia.html#.UsSkrbRu5NQ|url-status=dead))</ref> In July 2011, ''[[USA Today]]'' selected Walla Walla as the friendliest small city in the United States.<ref>((cite news|last=Bly|first=Laura|date=July 21, 2011|title=The five best small towns in America|work=[[USA Today]]|url=http://travel.usatoday.com/destinations/story/2011/07/The-five-best-small-towns-in-America/49573514/1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112235602/http://travel.usatoday.com/destinations/story/2011/07/The-five-best-small-towns-in-America/49573514/1?csp=hf|archive-date=January 12, 2012))</ref> Walla Walla was also named Friendliest Small Town in America the same year as part of Rand McNally's annual Best of the Road contest. In 2012 and 2013 Walla Walla was a runner-up in the best food category for the Best of the Road.<ref>((cite web|title=Best of the Road Walla Walla profile|url=http://www.bestoftheroad.com/town/walla-walla-wa/4123|access-date=January 1, 2014|archive-date=January 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102194529/http://www.bestoftheroad.com/town/walla-walla-wa/4123|url-status=dead))</ref><ref>((cite web|title=2011 and 2012 Best of the Road contests|url=http://www.bestoftheroad.com/page/recap|access-date=January 1, 2014|archive-date=December 5, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131205192414/http://www.bestoftheroad.com/page/recap|url-status=dead))</ref> Downtown Walla Walla was awarded a Great Places in America Great Neighborhood designation in 2012 by the [[American Planning Association]].<ref>((cite web |url=https://records.wallawallawa.gov:9443/agenda_publish.cfm?id=&mt=ALL&get_month=10&get_year=2012&dsp=agm&seq=279&rev=0&ag=43&ln=1259&nseq=288&nrev=0&pseq=&prev=#ReturnTo1259 |title=Agenda |publisher=Records.wallawallawa.gov:9443 |date=October 17, 2012 |accessdate=August 6, 2022 |archive-date=November 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127225757/https://records.wallawallawa.gov:9443/agenda_publish.cfm?id=&mt=ALL&get_month=10&get_year=2012&dsp=agm&seq=279&rev=0&ag=43&ln=1259&nseq=288&nrev=0&pseq=&prev=#ReturnTo1259 |url-status=dead ))</ref><ref>((cite web|url=https://www.planning.org/greatplaces/neighborhoods/2012/wallawalla.htm|title = Downtown Walla Walla: Walla Walla, Washington))</ref>

In the 2010s, Walla Walla's brewery industry experienced a revival.<ref>((cite web |last=Joyce-Bulay |first=Catie |title=For want of an ale: Change is a-brewing in Walla Walla |url=https://www.union-bulletin.com/lifestyles/people/for-want-of-an-ale-change-is-a-brewing-in-walla-walla/article_743b8dd4-e679-11e6-8758-8b118dd10a95.html |access-date=April 4, 2022 |website=[[Walla Walla Union-Bulletin]] |date=January 29, 2017 |language=en))</ref> The first hops farms since prohibition were planted in 2018,<ref name=":5" /><ref>((cite web |last=Hillhouse |first=Vicki |date=September 29, 2019 |title=Business brewing as hops take root in Walla Walla Valley |url=https://www.union-bulletin.com/news/business/business-brewing-as-hops-take-root-in-walla-walla-valley/article_5d3cd7da-e24f-11e9-8aa7-97c50bf66e3f.html |access-date=April 4, 2022 |website=Union-Bulletin.com |language=en))</ref> and in 2019, [[Washington State Department of Corrections]] announced a plan to bring a vineyard and hopyard to Washington State Penitentiary, along with [[agricultural science]] education to prepare inmates for careers in the field. The program would offer inmates state-wide minimum wages, a practice only legally enforced by state law at private institutions.<ref>((cite web |last=Hillhouse |first=Vicki |date=January 30, 2019 |title=Penitentiary announces hops and vineyard project |url=https://www.union-bulletin.com/things_to_do/food_and_wine/penitentiary-announces-hops-and-vineyard-project/article_bbe8ea98-24c3-11e9-a96a-3b957c79e363.html |access-date=April 4, 2022 |website=[[Walla Walla Union-Bulletin]] |language=en))</ref><ref>((cite web |last=O'Neill |first=Eilis |date=July 19, 2019 |title=Inmates will soon be growing wine grapes, hops inside the Washington State Penitentiary |url=https://www.kuow.org/stories/inmates-will-soon-be-growing-wine-grapes-hops-inside-the-washington-state-penitentiary |access-date=April 4, 2022 |website=[[npr]] |language=en))</ref> The city hosted its first [[beer festival]] in February 2020.<ref>((cite web |last=Maynes |first=Jedidiahh |date=February 6, 2020 |title=Brew crew: Local beer makers get a chance to shine in wine country |url=https://www.union-bulletin.com/things_to_do/entertainment/brew-crew-local-beer-makers-get-a-chance-to-shine-in-wine-country/article_b039c878-f4ec-5a9f-b595-3fc3098f38ef.html |access-date=April 4, 2022 |website=[[Walla Walla Union-Bulletin]] |language=en))</ref>

In 2017, and annually, Walla Walla's mayor signed a [[proclamation]] making the third Saturday of September "[[Adam West]] Day", to honor the actor who was born and raised in the city.<ref name=":0">((Cite news |date=September 14, 2018 |title=Holy Hometown Hero, Batman! It's Adam West Day In Walla Walla ((!)) Northwest Public Broadcasting |language=en-US |work=Northwest Public Broadcasting |url=https://www.nwpb.org/2018/09/14/holy-hometown-hero-batman-its-adam-west-day-in-walla-walla/ |access-date=November 14, 2018))</ref><ref>((cite web |date=September 19, 2017 |title=Celebrating the first official 'Adam West Day' in Walla Walla |url=https://www.nbcrightnow.com/archives/celebrating-the-first-official-adam-west-day-in-walla-walla/article_47751d1e-0912-5ab4-9af2-d6d673777e3f.html |access-date=April 4, 2022 |website=[[NBC]] |language=en))</ref><ref>((cite web |last=Hillhouse |first=Vicki |date=August 23, 2019 |title=Adam West Day swoops back into Walla Walla |url=https://www.union-bulletin.com/things_to_do/entertainment/adam-west-day-swoops-back-into-walla-walla/article_3bbdc4d8-c5d1-11e9-bcf3-77d79fdf46c0.html |access-date=April 4, 2022 |website=[[Walla Walla Union-Bulletin]] |language=en))</ref><ref>((cite web |last=Dinman |first=Emry |date=August 26, 2021 |title=Walla Walla celebrates Adam West, Batman actor and hometown superhero, for 4th year |url=https://www.union-bulletin.com/news/walla-walla-celebrates-adam-west-batman-actor-and-hometown-superhero-for-4th-year/article_5c1b8c30-0600-11ec-a4f7-4b6bfbc205f3.html |access-date=April 4, 2022 |website=[[Walla Walla Union-Bulletin]] |language=en))</ref> In 2020, the event was cancelled due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], but the organizers announced that the city approved the erection of a statue in West's honor and a [[GoFundMe]] fundraiser to cover the costs of the statue. The statue will be placed in Menlo Park on Alvarado Terrace, part of Historic Downtown Walla Walla.<ref>((cite web |last= |date=July 8, 2020 |title=Walla Walla's Adam West Day 2020 Officially Canceled |url=https://katsfm.com/walla-wallas-adam-west-days-2020-officially-canceled/ |access-date=April 4, 2022 |website=[[KATS]] |language=en))</ref><ref>((cite web |last=Dinmin |first=Emry |date=January 5, 2022 |title=Fundraiser to erect statue of Walla Walla's hometown hero, Batman actor Adam West, stalls |url=https://www.union-bulletin.com/news/fundraiser-to-erect-statue-of-walla-wallas-hometown-hero-batman-actor-adam-west-stalls/article_55ad1e58-6e75-11ec-807a-f3d9f993b6bd.html |access-date=April 4, 2022 |website=[[Walla Walla Union-Bulletin]] |language=en))</ref>

==Etymology==
Walla Walla is [[Nez Perce language|Nez Perce]] for "Place of Many Waters",  because the original settlement was at the junction of the Snake and Columbia rivers.<ref name=":7" />

Tourists to Walla Walla are often told that it is a "town so nice they named it twice".<ref>((cite news | url=http://archives.seattletimes.nwsource.com/cgi-bin/texis.cgi/web/vortex/display?slug=nwwwallawalla23&date=20041223&query=town+nice+named+twice | work=The Seattle Times | first=Beverly | last=Beyette | title=Here's to you, Walla Walla | date=December 23, 2004 | access-date=April 2, 2007 | archive-date=November 21, 2007 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071121202719/http://archives.seattletimes.nwsource.com/cgi-bin/texis.cgi/web/vortex/display?slug=nwwwallawalla23&date=20041223&query=town+nice+named+twice | url-status=dead ))</ref> The slogan was coined by [[Al Jolson]], who had visited the city in the early 1900s in The Keylor Grand Theater. He had also said the same of [[New York City|New York, New York]].<ref name="HistoryLink" /> The quote referring to Walla Walla was in [[The Jolson Story]], a [[Musical theatre|musical]] about the entertainer's life.<ref>((Cite AV media |title=The Jolson Story |date=October 10, 1946 |type=Video |language=en |publisher=[[Columbia Pictures]]))</ref>

Some locals and Walla Walla natives often refer to the city in text form with "W2".<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.union-bulletin.com/lifestyles/what-s-new-in-w/article_ee21a882-5a43-11e9-9244-3718fed176c9.html|title=What's new in W2|last=Reed|first=Story and photos by Diane|website=Union-Bulletin.com|date=April 8, 2019 |language=en|access-date=February 20, 2020))</ref>

==In popular culture==

Walla Walla is humorously mentioned in [[Pogo (comic strip)|''Pogo'']] in an alternate lyrical version of "[[Deck the Halls]]", a traditional [[Christmas carol]].<ref>((Cite news|last=Adams|first=Cecil|date=March 20, 1981|title=What are the lyrics to Walt Kelly's classic carol, "Deck Us All With Boston Charlie"?|url=https://www.straightdope.com/21341623/what-are-the-lyrics-to-walt-kelly-s-classic-carol-deck-us-all-with-boston-charlie|access-date=December 17, 2021|website=The Straight Dope|language=en))</ref> Walla Walla is the location of the treasure in [[The Three Stooges]] film [[Cash and Carry (film)|''Cash and Carry'']].<ref>((Cite AV media |title=Cash and Carry |date=September 3, 1937 |type=Video |publisher=[[Columbia Pictures]]))</ref> In a ''[[Looney Tunes]]'' short, [[Transylvania 6-5000 (1963 film)|''Transylvania 6-5000'']], "Walla Walla, Washington" is a [[magic word]] that can transform [[Count Bloodcount]].<ref>((Cite AV media |title=[[Transylvania 6-5000 (1963 film)|Transylvania 6-5000]] |date=November 30, 1963 |type=Video |language=en |publisher=[[Warner Bros.]]))</ref> Walla Walla is also the hometown of several fictional companies in other ''Looney Tunes'' shorts, including ''[[A Mouse Divided]]'' ("Little Giant Vacumm Cleaner Company"), ''[[The High and the Flighty]]'', ''[[Heir-Conditioned]]'' ("Hi-Ho Silver Cleaner Company") and ''[[This Is a Life?]]''<ref>((Cite AV media |title=[[A Mouse Divided]] |date=January 31, 1953 |type=Video |language=en |publisher=[[Warner Bros.]]))</ref><ref>((Cite AV media |title=[[The High and the Flighty]] |date=February 18, 1956 |type=Video |language=en |publisher=[[Warner Bros.]]))</ref><ref>((Cite AV media |title=[[Heir-Conditioned]] |date=November 26, 1955 |type=Video |language=en |publisher=[[Warner Bros.]]))</ref><ref>((Cite AV media |title=[[This Is a Life?]] |date=July 9, 1955 |type=Video |language=en |publisher=[[Warner Bros.]]))</ref>

==Geography and climate==
[[File:Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020) - WALLA WALLAREGIONAL AP, WA.svg|thumb|right|Climate chart for Walla Walla]]
Walla Walla is located in the Walla Walla Valley, with the rolling Palouse hills and the Blue Mountains to the east of town. Various creeks meander through town before combining to become the Walla Walla River, which drains into the Columbia River about ((convert|30|mi|km|-1)) west of town. The city lies in the rain shadow of the Cascade Mountains, so annual precipitation is fairly low.

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of ((convert|12.84|sqmi|sqkm|2)), of which ((convert|12.81|sqmi|sqkm|2)) is land and ((convert|0.03|sqmi|sqkm|2)) is water.<ref name="Gazetteer files">((cite web|title=U.S. Gazetteer files 2010|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=December 19, 2012))</ref><ref name="GR1">((cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=April 23, 2011|date=February 12, 2011|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990))</ref>

Walla Walla has a [[hot-summer Mediterranean climate]] according to the Köppen climate classification system ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: [[Hot-summer Mediterranean climate|''Csa'')]]. It is one of the northernmost locations in North America to qualify as having such a climate. In contrast to most other locations having this climate type in North America, Walla Walla can experience fairly cold winter conditions, though they are still relatively mild for its latitude and inland location.

((Weather box
|single line = yes
|location = Walla Walla, Washington ([[Walla Walla Regional Airport]]), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1949–present
|Jan record high F = 70
|Feb record high F = 75
|Mar record high F = 79
|Apr record high F = 96
|May record high F = 100
|Jun record high F = 116
|Jul record high F = 114
|Aug record high F = 114
|Sep record high F = 104
|Oct record high F = 89
|Nov record high F = 81
|Dec record high F = 71
|Jan avg record high F = 61.3
|Feb avg record high F = 62.0
|Mar avg record high F = 69.8
|Apr avg record high F = 78.1
|May avg record high F = 88.9
|Jun avg record high F = 97.0
|Jul avg record high F = 104.2
|Aug avg record high F = 102.3
|Sep avg record high F = 92.5
|Oct avg record high F = 79.0
|Nov avg record high F = 66.6
|Dec avg record high F = 61.0
|year avg record high F = 105.7
|Jan high F = 41.9
|Feb high F = 46.5
|Mar high F = 55.8
|Apr high F = 62.5
|May high F = 71.4
|Jun high F = 79.0
|Jul high F = 90.1
|Aug high F = 88.6
|Sep high F = 78.5
|Oct high F = 63.4
|Nov high F = 49.2
|Dec high F = 41.0
|year high F = 64.0
|Jan mean F = 36.3
|Feb mean F = 39.7
|Mar mean F = 46.8
|Apr mean F = 52.5
|May mean F = 60.4
|Jun mean F = 67.0
|Jul mean F = 76.3
|Aug mean F = 75.2
|Sep mean F = 66.2
|Oct mean F = 53.9
|Nov mean F = 43.9
|Dec mean F = 35.6
|year mean F = 54.3
|Jan low F = 30.7
|Feb low F = 32.9
|Mar low F = 37.8
|Apr low F = 42.5
|May low F = 49.3
|Jun low F = 55.1
|Jul low F = 62.4
|Aug low F = 61.7
|Sep low F = 53.9
|Oct low F = 43.9
|Nov low F = 35.6
|Dec low F = 30.2
|year low F = 44.7
|Jan avg record low F = 16.3
|Feb avg record low F = 20.2
|Mar avg record low F = 26.8
|Apr avg record low F = 32.3
|May avg record low F = 37.9
|Jun avg record low F = 45.4
|Jul avg record low F = 51.4
|Aug avg record low F = 50.6
|Sep avg record low F = 41.8
|Oct avg record low F = 30.1
|Nov avg record low F = 21.7
|Dec avg record low F = 15.4
|year avg record low F = 8.4
|Jan record low F = -18
|Feb record low F = -16
|Mar record low F = 4
|Apr record low F = 20
|May record low F = 26
|Jun record low F = 36
|Jul record low F = 40
|Aug record low F = 42
|Sep record low F = 32
|Oct record low F = 15
|Nov record low F = -11
|Dec record low F = -24
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 2.10
|Feb precipitation inch = 1.59
|Mar precipitation inch = 2.11
|Apr precipitation inch = 1.98
|May precipitation inch = 2.07
|Jun precipitation inch = 1.24
|Jul precipitation inch = 0.47
|Aug precipitation inch = 0.40
|Sep precipitation inch = 0.64
|Oct precipitation inch = 1.66
|Nov precipitation inch = 2.25
|Dec precipitation inch = 2.23
|year precipitation inch = 18.74
|Jan snow inch = 1.0
|Feb snow inch = 2.2
|Mar snow inch = 0.2
|Apr snow inch = 0.0
|May snow inch = 0.0
|Jun snow inch = 0.0
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.0
|Oct snow inch = 0.1
|Nov snow inch = 0.3
|Dec snow inch = 2.7
|year snow inch = 6.5
|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 13.3
|Feb precipitation days = 11.2
|Mar precipitation days = 12.1
|Apr precipitation days = 11.1
|May precipitation days = 9.8
|Jun precipitation days = 7.1
|Jul precipitation days = 2.7
|Aug precipitation days = 2.5
|Sep precipitation days = 3.8
|Oct precipitation days = 8.8
|Nov precipitation days = 13.1
|Dec precipitation days = 13.6
|year precipitation days = 109.1
|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days = 2.3
|Feb snow days = 1.5
|Mar snow days = 0.3
|Apr snow days = 0.0
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.1
|Nov snow days = 0.5
|Dec snow days = 2.4
|year snow days = 7.1
|Jan sun = 50.5
|Feb sun = 83.4
|Mar sun = 173.8
|Apr sun = 221.7
|May sun = 288.5
|Jun sun = 326.3
|Jul sun = 384.5
|Aug sun = 344.4
|Sep sun = 268.8
|Oct sun = 199.2
|Nov sun = 67.8
|Dec sun = 40.3
|year sun = 2449.2
|Jan percentsun = 18
|Feb percentsun = 29
|Mar percentsun = 47
|Apr percentsun = 54
|May percentsun = 62
|Jun percentsun = 69
|Jul percentsun = 81
|Aug percentsun = 79
|Sep percentsun = 71
|Oct percentsun = 59
|Nov percentsun = 24
|Dec percentsun = 15
|year percentsun = 
|source 1 = NOAA (sun 1961–1987)<ref name= NOAA>((cite web 
|url = https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=pdt 
|title = NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data 
|publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] 
|access-date = February 17, 2012))</ref><ref>((cite web 
|title = U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access: Walla Walla Regional Airport, Washington 
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USW00024160&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL 
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 
|accessdate = August 18, 2021
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230906142858/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USW00024160&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|archive-date = September 6, 2023))</ref><ref name = NOAA61-90>((cite web 
|url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP4/72788.TXT
|title = WMO Climate Normals for WALLA WALLA/CITY-COUNTY ARPT WA 1961–1990 
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 
|access-date = September 6, 2023
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230906141211/ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP4/72788.TXT
|archive-date = September 6, 2023))</ref>))

==Demographics==
((US Census population
|1870= 1394
|1880= 3588
|1890= 4709
|1900= 10049
|1910= 19364
|1920= 15503
|1930= 15976
|1940= 18109
|1950= 24102
|1960= 24536
|1970= 23619
|1980= 25618
|1990= 26478
|2000= 29686
|2010= 31731
|2020= 34060
|estyear=2021
|estimate=33927
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2021">((cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-cities-and-towns.html |date=June 23, 2022|title=City and Town Population Totals: 2020-2021|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=June 23, 2022))</ref>
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">((cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2016))</ref><br>2020 Census<ref name="2020 Census (City)"/>
))

===2020 census===
As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], there were 34,060 people and 12,414 householders residing in the city. The [[population density]] was ((convert|2,478.1|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1)).<ref name="wwwcensusgov">((cite web |title=U.S. Census website |url=https://www.census.gov |access-date=December 19, 2012 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]))</ref>

===2010 census===
As of the [[2010 United States census|2010 census]], there were 31,731 people, 11,537 households, and 6,834 families residing in the city. The population density was ((convert|2477.0|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1)). There were 12,514 housing units at an average density of ((convert|976.9|/sqmi|/km2|1)). The racial makeup of the city was 81.6% [[White (U.S. census)|White]], 2.7% [[African American (U.S. census)|African American]], 1.3% [[Native American (U.S. census)|Native American]], 1.4% [[Asian (U.S. census)|Asian]], 0.3% [[Race (U.S. census)|Pacific Islander]], 9.1% from [[Race (U.S. census)|other races]], and 3.6% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. census)|Latino]] residents of any race were 22.0% of the population.<ref name="wwwcensusgov" />

There were 11,537 households, of which 30.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.6% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 12.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40.8% were other forms of households. 33.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.10.<ref name="wwwcensusgov" />

The median age in the city was 34.4 years. 22% of residents were under the age of 18; 14.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.2% were from 25 to 44; 23.1% were from 45 to 64; and 14% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 51.9% male and 48.1% female.<ref name="wwwcensusgov" />

===2000 census===
As of the [[2000 United States census|2000 census]], there were 29,686 people, 10,596 households, and 6,527 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,744.9 people per square mile (1,059.3/km<sup>2</sup>).  There were 11,400 housing units at an average density of 1,054.1 per square mile (406.8/km<sup>2</sup>). The racial makeup of the city was 83.79% White, 2.58% African American, 1.05% Native American, 1.24% Asian, 0.23% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. census)|Pacific Islander]], 8.26% from [[Race (United States census)|other races]], and 2.85% from two or more races.  Hispanic or Latino of any race were 17.42% of the population.<ref name="wwwcensusgov" />

There were 10,596 households, of which 30.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.4% were married couples living together, 11.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.4% were other forms of households. 31.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 3.08.<ref name="wwwcensusgov" />

In the city, 21.8% of the population was under the age of 18, 14.2% was from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 17.5% from 45 to 64, and 20.1% was 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 109.1 males.<ref name="wwwcensusgov" />

The median income for a household in the city was $31,855, and the median income for a family was $40,856. Men had a median income of $31,753 versus $23,889 for women. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $15,792. About 13.1% of families and 18.0% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 22.8% of those under the age of 18 and 10.5% of those aged 65 and older.<ref name="wwwcensusgov" />

==Economy==

===Agriculture===
[[File:Wheat Field in Walla Walla, Washington, 2018.jpg|thumb|A wheat field in Walla Walla, Washington|left|307x307px]]Though wheat is still a significant crop, vineyards and wineries have become economically important over the last three decades.<ref>((cite news |last=Hillhouse |first=Vicki |date=February 1, 2014 |title=Viticultural area celebrates 30th year |newspaper=[[Walla Walla Union-Bulletin]] |url=http://union-bulletin.com/news/2014/feb/01/viticultural-area-celebrates-30th-year/ |access-date=June 22, 2014 |archive-date=April 5, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405082835/http://union-bulletin.com/news/2014/feb/01/viticultural-area-celebrates-30th-year/ |url-status=dead ))</ref> In summer 2020, there were over 120 wineries in the greater Walla Walla area. Following the wine boom, the town has developed several fine dining establishments and luxury hotels. The [[Marcus Whitman Hotel]], originally opened in 1928, was renovated with original fixtures and furniture. It is the tallest building in the city, at 13 stories.

[[File:Walla walla farmers market.jpg|thumb|Walla Walla Farmers Market]]

The Walla Walla Sweet Onion and the Great Grape are a few crops with a rich tradition. Over a century ago on the Island of [[Corsica]], off the west coast of Italy, a French soldier named Peter Pieri found an Italian sweet onion seed and brought it to the Walla Walla Valley. Impressed by the new onion's winter hardiness, Pieri, and the Italian immigrant farmers who comprised much of Walla Walla's gardening industry, harvested the seed.<ref name=":3" /><ref>((cite web |last=Alexander |first=Rachel |date=July 30, 2017 |title=Nothing like a sweet, sweet onion from Walla Walla ((!)) The Spokesman-Review |url=https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2017/jul/30/nothing-like-a-sweet-sweet-onion-from-walla-walla/ |access-date=March 6, 2022 |website=[[Spokesman]]))</ref><ref>((cite web |date=June 25, 2021 |title=Meet Washington's sexiest vegetable: The Walla Walla Sweet Onion ((!)) Provided by Walla Walla Sweet Onions |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/sponsored/meet-washingtons-sexiest-vegetable-the-walla-walla-sweet-onion/ |access-date=March 6, 2022 |website=[[The Seattle Times]] |language=en-US))</ref>

The sweet onion developed over several generations through the process of selecting onions from each year's crop, targeting sweetness, size and round shape. The Walla Walla Sweet Onion is designated under federal law as a protected agricultural crop. In 2007 the Walla Walla Sweet Onion became Washington's official state vegetable.<ref>((cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=mWlWAAAAIBAJ&dq=walla%20walla%20sweet%20onion%20official%20state&pg=5551%2C6103038 |title=The Spokesman-Review Apr 6, 2007 |date=April 5, 2007 |access-date=February 5, 2013))</ref> There is also a Walla Walla Sweet Onion Festival, held annually in July. Walla Walla Sweet Onions have low [[sulfur]] content (about half that of an ordinary yellow onion) and are 90 percent water.

Walla Walla currently has two farmers markets, both held from May until October. The first is located on the corner of 4th and Main, and is coordinated by the Downtown Walla Walla Foundation. The other is at the Walla Walla County Fairgrounds on S. Ninth Ave, run by the Walla Walla Valley Farmer's Market.<ref>((cite news|last=Diaz|first=Alfred|title=Walla Walla Doubles up on Farmers Markets.|url=http://union-bulletin.com/news/2013/may/05/walla-walla-doubles-up-on-farmers-markets/|access-date=January 3, 2014|newspaper=WW Union-Bulletin|archive-date=January 4, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104145621/http://union-bulletin.com/news/2013/may/05/walla-walla-doubles-up-on-farmers-markets/|url-status=dead))</ref>

===Wine industry===
((Main|Walla Walla Valley AVA))
Walla Walla has experienced an expansion in its wine industry in recent decades, culminating in the area being named "Best Wine Region" in USA Today's Reader Choice Awards in both 2020 and 2021.<ref>((cite web |last1=Barth |first1=Jill |last2=Clarke |first2=Shana |last3=Eschliman |first3=Ziggy |last4=Habibi |first4=Tahiirah |last5=Sanderson |first5=Dynie |date=June 11, 2021 |title=Best Wine Region Winners (2020) |url=https://www.10best.com/awards/travel/best-wine-region/ |access-date=April 4, 2022 |website=[[USA Today]]))</ref><ref>((cite web |last1=Sanderson |first1=Dynie |last2=Barth |first2=Jill |last3=Clarke |first3=Shana |last4=Eschliman |first4=Ziggy |last5=Dubose |first5=Larissa |date=July 6, 2021 |title=Best Wine Region Winners (2021) |url=https://www.10best.com/awards/travel/best-wine-region-2021/ |access-date=April 4, 2022 |website=[[USA Today]] |language=en))</ref> Several local wineries have received top scores from wine publications such as ''[[Wine Spectator]]'', ''[[The Wine Advocate]]'' and ''Wine and Spirits''. Although most of the early recognition went to the wines made from Merlot and Cabernet, Syrah is fast becoming a star varietal in this [[American Viticultural Area|appellation]].<ref name="Walla Walla Valley Wine">Walla Walla Valley Wine Alliance website - http://wallawallawine.com/</ref> Overall, there are more than 120 [[wineries]] in the Walla Walla area, which collectively generate over $100 million for the valley annually.<ref>((cite web|title=2013 List of Washington State Wineries|url=http://www.gotastewine.com/all-wa-wineries.php|publisher=Go Taste Wine, LLC|access-date=December 24, 2013|archive-date=December 25, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225102325/http://gotastewine.com/all-wa-wineries.php|url-status=dead))</ref><ref>((cite magazine|last=Hollander|first=Catherine|title=How Wine Growing in Walla Walla Supports the Economy|url=http://www.nationaljournal.com/features/restoration-calls/how-wine-growing-in-walla-walla-supports-the-economy-20120531|magazine=National Journal|access-date=December 24, 2013|archive-date=December 25, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225161902/http://www.nationaljournal.com/features/restoration-calls/how-wine-growing-in-walla-walla-supports-the-economy-20120531|url-status=dead))</ref>

Walla Walla Community College offers an associate degree (AAAS) in [[enology|winemaking]] and [[viticulture|grape growing]] through its Center for Enology and Viticulture, which operates its own commercial [[winery]], College Cellars.<ref name="College Cellars">College Cellars website - http://www.collegecellars.com</ref>

One challenge to growing grapes in Walla Walla Valley is the risk of a killing freeze during the winter. On average these happen once every six or seven years; the penultimate occurrence (in 2004) destroyed about 75% of the wine grape crop in the valley. In November 2010 the valley was again hit with a killing frost, leading to a 28% decline in [[Cabernet Sauvignon]] production, a 20% decline in red grape production, and an overall decline in production of 11% (red and white varietals).<ref name="Washington Wine Report">Sean Sullivan's Washington Wine Report - http://www.wawinereport.com/2012/02/cabernet-sauvignon-production-down-28.html</ref>

===Corrections industry===
((Main|Washington State Penitentiary))
The second-largest prison in Washington, after nearby [[Coyote Ridge Corrections Center]] in [[Connell, Washington|Connell]], is the Washington State Penitentiary (WSP) located in Walla Walla, at 1313 North 13th. Originally opened in 1886, it now houses about 2,000 offenders.<ref>((cite web|title=Washington Department of Corrections, WSP page|url=http://www.doc.wa.gov/facilities/prison/wsp/|access-date=January 2, 2014|archive-date=June 13, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613041936/http://www.doc.wa.gov/facilities/prison/wsp/|url-status=dead))</ref>  In addition, there are about 1000 staff members. In 2005, the financial benefit to the local economy was estimated to be about $55 million through salaries, medical services, utilities, and local purchases. In 2014, the penitentiary underwent an extensive expansion project to increase the prison capacity to 2,500 violent offenders and double the staff size.<ref>((cite news|title=The Pioneer (Whitman College) article on the initial expansion|url=http://whitmanpioneer.com/news/2008/04/10/walla-walla-state-penitentiary-undergoes-major-expansion/|access-date=January 2, 2014|newspaper=The Pioneer (Whitman College)|archive-date=January 3, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103032431/http://whitmanpioneer.com/news/2008/04/10/walla-walla-state-penitentiary-undergoes-major-expansion/|url-status=dead))</ref>

Until October 11, 2018, Washington was a [[death penalty]] state, and occasional executions took place at the state penitentiary; the last execution took place on September 10, 2010.<ref>((cite news|title=Seattle Times article, execution of Cal Cobrun Brown|url=http://seattletimes.com/html/localnews/2012856652_execution10m.html|newspaper=The Seattle Times))</ref><ref>((cite web |last1=Clarridge |first1=Christine |last2=Kamb |first2=Lewis |title=Death penalty struck down by Washington Supreme Court, taking 8 men off death row |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/death-penalty-opponents-cheer-washington-supreme-court-ruling-that-struck-punishment-down/ |website=The Seattle Times |access-date=October 15, 2018|date=October 11, 2018 ))</ref> Washington was also one of the last two states to allow hanging as a choice when sentenced to death<ref>((cite web | url=http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/rsa/html/lxii/630/630-5.htm | title=Section 630.5, Procedures in Capital Murder | access-date = April 27, 2006 ))</ref> (the other being [[New Hampshire]]); there has not been a hanging since May 1994 (the default method of execution was changed to lethal injection in 1996). Washington was the last state with an active [[gallows]].<ref>((cite news |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2014/feb/11/nation/la-na-death-penalty-20140212 |title=Washington state governor declares moratorium on death penalty |newspaper=LA Times |date=February 11, 2014 |author=Maria L. La Ganga))</ref> 80 [[Capital punishment in Washington (state)|executions]] were carried out at the prison between 1904 and 2010.<ref>((cite web |title=Persons Executed Since 1904 in Washington State |url=http://doc.wa.gov/docs/publications/reports/100-SR002.pdf |access-date=January 27, 2017 |publisher=Washington State: Department of Corrections))</ref>

The most notable inmate has been [[Gary Ridgway]], a [[serial killer]] known as the "[[Green River (Duwamish River tributary)|Green River]] killer", who was still incarcerated there as of November 2021.<ref>((cite web |last=Ponti |first=Crystal |date=November 21, 2021 |title=What Is Gary Ridgway's Life Like In Prison Today? |url=https://www.aetv.com/real-crime/green-river-killer-today |access-date=March 6, 2022 |website=A&E |language=en))</ref>

==Infrastructure==

===Healthcare===
Walla Walla is served by two health care institutions: St. Mary Medical Center (part of the Catholic [[Providence Health System]]) and the Jonathan M. Wainwright [[Veteran's Affairs Medical Center]] on the grounds of the old Fort Walla Walla and [[World War II]] training facility.

===Transportation===
Transportation to Walla Walla includes service by air through [[Walla Walla Regional Airport]], several railroads, and highway access primarily from [[U.S. Route 12 (Washington)|U.S. Route 12]]. The [[Washington State Department of Transportation]] is engaged in a long-term process of widening this road into a four-lane divided highway between [[Pasco, Washington|Pasco]] and Walla Walla. The most recent portion was completed in June 2023.<ref>((cite web |date=December 2020 |title=US 12 - Nine Mile Hill to Frenchtown Vic - Build New Highway |url=https://wsdot.wa.gov/Projects/Search/Report.aspx?ReportType=1p&Pin=501210T%2C501213X |publisher=Washington State Department of Transportation |access-date=March 18, 2021))</ref><ref>((cite press release |date=June 6, 2023 |title=Season premiere: New segment of US 12 near Walla Walla opened Friday, June 2 |url=https://wsdot.wa.gov/about/news/2023/season-premiere-new-segment-us-12-near-walla-walla-opened-friday-june-2 |publisher=Washington State Department of Transportation |accessdate=December 13, 2023))</ref> The highway also acts as the main gateway to Interstates [[Interstate 82|82]] and [[Interstate 84 (Oregon)|84]], which run to the west and south, respectively.<ref>((cite news |last1=O'Boyle |first1=Robert |last2=Knutson |first2=Kathleen |date=October 23, 1987 |title=WW's remoteness poses problem |page=2 |work=Walla Walla Union-Bulletin))</ref> [[Washington State Route 125|State Route 125]] runs through the city, north to [[Washington State Route 124|State Route 124]] in [[Prescott, Washington|Prescott]] and south to [[Milton-Freewater, Oregon]], becoming [[Oregon Highway 11]] at the state line.<ref>((cite WSDOT map |year=2014 |accessdate=December 12, 2023))</ref>

There are four major bus services in the area connecting the region's cities. Walla Walla and nearby [[College Place, Washington|College Place]] are served by [[Valley Transit (Washington)|Valley Transit]], a typical multi-route city bus service. The city of Milton-Freewater, OR has a single-line bus service with several stops in town with two stops in College Place and five in Walla Walla. [[Travel Washington]]'s Grape Line is a ((convert|104|mi|km|adj=on)) intercity service between Walla Walla and Pasco that runs three times a day.  Finally, Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation operates a Kayak bus to Pendleton, with four trips each weekday and two trips each Saturday via its Walla Walla Whistler route.<ref>((cite web |url=http://ctuir.org/system/files/Walla%20Walla%20Whistler_14.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=October 17, 2016 |archive-date=October 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019012939/http://ctuir.org/system/files/Walla%20Walla%20Whistler_14.pdf |url-status=dead ))</ref>

[[File:Whitman hotel downtown ww.jpg|200 px|thumbnail|left|Marcus Whitman Hotel at Rose and Second in the "Great Neighborhood"]]
[[File:Sterling Bank Downtown WW.jpg|200 px|thumbnail|right|Sterling Bank in one of the renovated buildings in the "Great Neighborhood"]]

==Sports==
Walla Walla is home of the [[Walla Walla Sweets]], a summer collegiate baseball team that plays in the [[West Coast League]]. The league comprises college players and prospects working towards a professional baseball career. Teams are located in [[British Columbia]], [[Oregon]], Washington and [[Alberta]]. Sweets home games have been played at Borleske Stadium in Walla Walla, since their first season in 2010. In only their second season the Sweets played in the WCL Championship game, ultimately losing to the Corvallis Knights. In 2013, the Sweets won their first North Division title with the second best win–loss record in the WCL. The Sweets lost their North Division playoff series to the Wenatchee Applesox that year.

Walla Walla Drag Strip is an 1/8 mile dragstrip west of the Walla Walla Regional Airport. The dragstrip is located on an old runway of the airport.

There also is a women's flat track roller derby league called the Walla Walla Sweets Rollergirls, their practices and games are played at the Walla Walla YMCA.

Walla Walla is the location of Tour of Walla Walla, a four-stage road cycling race held annually in April. The races are held in Walla Walla and in the Palouse hills of nearby [[Waitsburg, Washington|Waitsburg]]. The stages include two road races, a time trial, and a criterium race.<ref>((cite web|title=Tour of Walla Walla|url=http://www.tofww.org/index.php?id=23|access-date=January 2, 2014|archive-date=January 3, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103040455/http://www.tofww.org/index.php?id=23|url-status=dead))</ref>

The annual Walla Walla Marathon takes place in October and includes a full marathon, half-marathon, and 10k race. The full marathon is a Boston Marathon Qualifier.<ref>((cite web|title=Walla Walla Multisports webpage |url=http://wwmultisports.com/Walla-Walla-Marathon.cfm|access-date=January 2, 2014))</ref>  The race route winds through the streets of the city of Walla Walla and the country roads outside of town, often running past several of the region's many estate vineyards.

==Fine and performing arts==
The Walla Walla Valley boasts a number of fine and performing arts organizations and venues.
* The Walla Walla Valley Bands were formed in 1989 and currently boasts a Concert Band of more than 70 and two Jazz Ensembles. The group rehearses weekly on Tuesday nights at the Walla Walla Valley Adventist Academy in nearby College Place.
* The [[Walla Walla Symphony]] began in 1907<ref>((cite web|title=Our History|url=https://www.wwsymphony.org/our-history|access-date=November 29, 2021|website=Walla Walla Symphony|language=en-US))</ref> and performs six to eight concerts from October - May. Its primary performance venue is Cordiner Hall on the campus of [[Whitman College]]. Other performance venues include the Gesa Power House Theatre and Walla Walla University Church.
* The Walla Walla Chamber Music Festival is held twice a year and features guest musical ensembles playing classical [[chamber music]] in various small venues throughout town. The summer festival includes performances for almost the whole month of June. The winter festival is a small-scale version of the summer program, it is held in mid-January.<ref>((cite web|title=Walla Walla Chamber Music Festival Schedule|url=http://www.wwcmf.org/2014/schedule.html|access-date=January 3, 2014|archive-date=January 4, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104065542/http://www.wwcmf.org/2014/schedule.html|url-status=dead))</ref>
* Shakespeare Walla Walla is a non-profit organization that hosts a summer Shakespeare festival in Walla Walla. They often bring Shakespeare troupes from Seattle and elsewhere to perform about four plays per year. In the past this was done at the Fort Walla Walla Amphitheater, but more recently at the GESA Powerhouse Theatre.<ref>((cite web|title=Past Performances|url=http://www.shakespearewallawalla.org/content/index.php/events/past-performances|access-date=January 1, 2014))</ref>
* The GESA Powerhouse Theatre opened in 2011 in Walla Walla; it was originally the Walla Walla gas plant, hence its name. Its dimensions closely resemble the Blackfriars Theatre once used by William Shakespeare.<ref>((cite web|title=History of the Powerhouse Theatre|url=http://phtww.com/about/powerful-beginnings-a-history|access-date=January 1, 2014|archive-date=August 7, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120807015705/http://phtww.com/about/powerful-beginnings-a-history|url-status=dead))</ref> The venue is used by Shakespeare Walla Walla as well as host to various concerts and other performing arts events throughout the year.
* The Little Theatre of Walla Walla began in 1944 and moved into its current building on Sumach St. in 1948 where it has performed various plays to this day.<ref>((cite web|title=History of the Little Theatre|url=http://www.ltww.org/history.htm|access-date=January 1, 2014|archive-date=January 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102193938/http://www.ltww.org/history.htm|url-status=dead))</ref>
* The Walla Walla Choral Society began in 1980 and performs a season of three or four concerts per year in various locations around the Walla Walla Valley.
* Fort Walla Walla Amphitheater is a disused open-air stage with bench seating on the grounds of the Fort Walla Walla Park, next to [[Fort Walla Walla Museum]]. It formerly hosted Shakespeare Walla Walla productions and the Walla Walla Community College Summer Musical.
* The Walla Walla Foundry was founded in 1980.<ref>((Cite news |last=Cipolle |first=Alex V. |date=October 20, 2021 |title=In Washington, a Beloved Birthplace for Artistic Giants |language=en-US |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/20/arts/design/walla-walla-foundry-art.html |access-date=March 26, 2022 |issn=0362-4331))</ref>

In addition, the area's three colleges—Whitman College, Walla Walla University and Walla Walla Community College as well as its largest public high school—Walla Walla High School—stage theater and music performances.

==Education==
[[File:Whitman college admin building.jpg|200 px|thumbnail|right|Whitman College Administration Building in fall 2010]]

[[Walla Walla Public Schools]] operates seven elementary schools (one is in [[Dixie, Washington|Dixie]], six of them are K-5 with one of these being PreK-5), two middle schools, one traditional high school (colloquially [[Walla Walla High School|Wa-Hi]]), and two alternative high schools (Lincoln and Opportunity). There is also Homelink, an alternative K-8 education program which is a hybrid of homeschooling and public school programs.<ref>((cite web|title=Walla Walla Public Schools Website|url=http://www.wwps.org/schools|access-date=January 2, 2014))</ref> The district includes most of the city, excluding the extreme western portions of Walla Walla that are in the [[College Place School District]].<ref>((cite map |date=December 21, 2020 |title=2020 Census – School District Reference Map: Walla Walla County, WA |scale=1:117,896 |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st53_wa/schooldistrict_maps/c53071_walla_walla/DC20SD_C53071.pdf |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=March 13, 2024))</ref>

There are several private Christian schools in the area. These include:
* The Walla Walla Catholic Schools (Assumption K-8 School and [[Desales Catholic High School (Walla Walla, Washington)|DeSales High School]])
*  Liberty Christian School, non-denominational
* Rogers Adventist School and [[Walla Walla Valley Academy]], in nearby [[College Place, Washington|College Place]], both of [[Seventh-day Adventist Church|Seventh-day Adventist]] affiliation
* Saint Basil Academy of Classical Studies (K-8)

In addition to these, there are three colleges in the area:
* [[Walla Walla Community College]], co-winner of the 2013 Aspen Prize for Community College Excellence<ref>((cite web|title=Aspen Institute, 2013 Aspen Prize|url=http://www.aspeninstitute.org/policy-work/aspen-prize/about|access-date=January 2, 2014))</ref>
* [[Whitman College]], an independent liberal arts college
* [[Walla Walla University]], in nearby [[College Place]], Washington, affiliated with the Seventh-day Adventist denomination

==Sister cities==
In 1972, Walla Walla established a [[sister city]] relationship with Sasayama (now named [[Tamba-Sasayama]]), Japan. The two cities have since named roads after their counterpart sister city. Walla Walla has also hosted exchange students from Tamba-Sasayama since 1994 for a two-week home-stay experience. Yearlong high school student exchanges between the cities have occurred several times in the past. Cultural/art exchanges involving music, dance, and various art mediums have also occurred. The Walla Walla Sister City Committee has been the recipient of the Washington State Sister City Association Peace Prize in 2011 and 2014 for their involvement in promoting peace, cultural understanding and friendship.<ref>((cite web|title=Walla Walla-Sasayama Sister Cities Inc|url=http://wallawallasasayamasistercity.wordpress.com/|access-date=January 8, 2014))</ref><ref>((cite news|title=WW Union-Bulletin Article on the 2012 Exchanges|url=http://union-bulletin.com/news/2012/mar/24/sasayama-students-arrive-on-exchange-trip-to/|access-date=January 8, 2014|newspaper=Walla Walla Union-Bulletin|archive-date=January 9, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109004906/http://union-bulletin.com/news/2012/mar/24/sasayama-students-arrive-on-exchange-trip-to/|url-status=dead))</ref><ref>((cite news|title=Walla Walla, sister city Tamba-Sasayama benefit through connection|url=https://www.union-bulletin.com/local_columnists/walla-walla-sister-city-tamba-sasayama-benefit-through-connection/article_8812625c-9c29-11e9-949e-73f4ae448b5c.html|access-date=January 17, 2020|newspaper=Walla Walla Union-Bulletin))</ref>

==Notable people==
((more citations needed|section|date=April 2019))
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* [[Burl Barer]], broadcaster and author
* [[Drew Bledsoe]], NFL quarterback
* [[Richard Arthur Bogle]], businessman and rancher
* [[Walter Brattain]], Nobel Prize winner and co-inventor of the transistor
* [[Evelyn Evelyn]], baroque pop duo created by [[Amanda Palmer]] and [[Jason Webley]]
* [[Robert Brode]], physicist
* [[Wallace R. Brode]], scientist
* [[Robert Clodius]], educator and university administrator
* [[Alex Deccio]], Politician. Former member of [[Washington House of Representatives]] and [[Washington State Senate]].<ref>((cite web |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/former-state-sen-alex-deccio-dies-at-89/ |title=Former state Sen. Alex Deccio dies at 89 |website=seattletimes.com |date=October 25, 2011 |accessdate=September 19, 2021))</ref><ref>((cite web |url=https://www.nbcrightnow.com/news/mourners-honor-alex-deccio/article_67f8ab47-4dce-59bf-a161-e34cb638a23f.html |title=Mourners honor Alex Deccio |website=nbcrightnow.com |date=November 3, 2011 |accessdate=September 19, 2021 |archive-date=September 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210919220640/https://www.nbcrightnow.com/news/mourners-honor-alex-deccio/article_67f8ab47-4dce-59bf-a161-e34cb638a23f.html |url-status=bot: unknown ))()</ref>
* [[Eddie Feigner]], softball player
* [[Bert Hadley]], actor and makeup artist
* [[Gladys Ingle]] - 4th licensed pilot in USA, wing-walker display performer.
* [[Alan W. Jones]]. US Army major general<ref>((cite news |date=August 28, 1918 |title=Alan W. Jones is Promoted |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/568614459/ |work=The Spokesman-Review |location=Spokane, WA |page=2 |url-access=subscription |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |ref=((sfnRef|"Alan W. Jones is Promoted"))))</ref><ref>((cite book |last=Morelock |first=J. D. |date=1994 |title=Generals of the Ardennes: American Leadership in the Battle of the Bulge |url=https://archive.org/details/generalsofardenn00wash |location=Washington, DC |publisher=National Defense University Press |page=[https://archive.org/details/generalsofardenn00wash/page/279 279] |isbn=978-0-16-042069-6 |via=[[Internet Archive]] |ref=((sfnRef|''Generals of the Ardennes''))))</ref>
* [[Charly Martin]], NFL player<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.gobuffsgo.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/martin_charly00.html |title=404 Error<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=August 19, 2009 |archive-date=November 19, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091119120521/http://www.gobuffsgo.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/martin_charly00.html |url-status=dead ))</ref>
* [[Edward P. Morgan]], television and newspaper journalist
* [[Walt Minnick]], U.S. Congressman
* [[Mikha'il Na'ima]], writer and philosopher
* [[David R. Nygren]], physicist, inventor of the Time Projection Chamber
* [[Eric O'Flaherty]], MLB player<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/o/oflaher01.shtml|title=Eric O'Flaherty|date=August 16, 2006|website=[[Baseball Reference]]|access-date=April 11, 2015))</ref>
* [[Charles Potts]], poet and publisher
* [[Cher Scarlett]], software engineer and labor activist<ref>((cite web|title=Cher 👩‍💻🔥 Principal Software Engineer|url=https://cher.dev/|access-date=February 25, 2022|website=cher.dev))</ref>
* [[Hope Summers]], actress
* [[Connor Trinneer]], actor
* [[Jonathan Mayhew Wainwright IV|Jonathan Wainwright]], U.S. general
* [[Ferris Webster]], film editor
* [[Adam West]], television and film actor<ref name=":0" />
* [[Don Roff]], novelist, screenwriter, and filmmaker
* [[Hamza Yusuf]], Islamic scholar
* [[Tonya Cooley]], Real World Chicago housemate
* [[Sally Buzbee]], Executive Editor of the [[Washington Post]], former Executive Editor of the [[Associated Press]]

==See also==
* [[List of reduplicated place names]]
* [[Blue Mountain Mall]]
* [[1936 State Line earthquake]]

==Notes==
((Notelist))

==References==
((reflist|30em))

==Further reading==
* ((cite book|author=MacGibbon, Elma|title=Leaves of knowledge|url=https://archive.org/details/leavesofknowledg00macg|publisher=Shaw & Borden Co|year=1904)) Available online through the Washington State Library's [http://www.secstate.wa.gov/history/publications%5Fdetail.aspx?p=63 Classics in Washington History collection] Elma MacGibbon's reminiscences of her travels in the United States starting in 1898, which were mainly in Oregon and Washington. Includes chapter "Walla Walla and southeastern Washington."
* Bennett, Robert A.  Walla Walla:  Portrait of a Western Town, 1804–1899.  Walla Walla:  Frontier Press Books, c. 1980.
* Gilbert, Frank T.  Historic Sketches:  Walla Walla, Columbia and Garfield Counties, Washington Territory.   Portland, Oregon:  A.G. Walling Printing

==External links==
((commons category|Walla Walla, Washington))
((wikivoyage|Walla Walla))
* [https://wallawallawa.gov/ City of Walla Walla]
* [http://www.wwvchamber.com/ Walla Walla Valley Chamber of Commerce]
* [http://www.wallawalla.org/ Walla Walla Tourism]
* [http://www.wallawallatrends.org/ Walla Walla Community Indicators Project]

((Walla Walla County, Washington))
((Washington))
((Washington (state) county seats))

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Walla Walla, Washington))
[[Category:Walla Walla, Washington| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Washington (state)]]
[[Category:Cities in Walla Walla County, Washington| ]]
[[Category:Washington (state) wine]]
[[Category:County seats in Washington (state)]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1856]]
[[Category:1856 establishments in the United States]]
[[Category:Washington placenames of Native American origin]]

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