B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)
Some tints and shades of green
Varieties of the color green may differ in hue, chroma (also called saturation or intensity) or lightness (or value, tone, or brightness), or in two or three of these qualities. Variations in value are also called tints and shades, a tint being a green or other hue mixed with white, a shade being mixed with black. A large selection of these various colors is shown below.
The color defined as green in the RGB color model is the brightest green that can be reproduced on a computer screen, and is the color named green in X11. It is one of the three primary colors used in the RGB color space along with red and blue. The three additive primaries in the RGB color system are the three colors of light chosen such as to provide the maximum range of colors that are capable of being represented on a computer or television set.
Red, green and blue lights, representing the three basic additive primary colors of the RGB color system, red, green, and blue.
HTML/CSS uses the name lime for this color, using green to refer to a darker shade. See the chart Color names that clash between X11 and HTML/CSS in the X11 color names article to see those colors which are different in HTML and X11.
Green takes up a large portion of the CIE chromaticity diagram because it is in the central area of human color perception.
The color defined as green in HTML/CSS color standard is the color called green, low green, or medium green in many of the older eight-bit computer palettes.
Another name for this color is green W3C or office green.
The color defined as green in the CMYK color system used in printing, also known as pigment green, is the tone of green that is achieved by mixing process (printer's) cyan and process (printer's) yellow in equal proportions.
The purpose of the CMYK color system is to provide the maximum possible gamut of color reproducible in printing.
The color indicated is only approximate as the colors of printing inks may vary.
The color displayed is an approximation of the CMYK color on an RGB screen, and cannot replicate the color accurately.
Green (NCS) (psychological primary green)
Green (NCS)
Approximations within the sRGB gamut to the primary colors of the Natural Color System, a model based on the opponent process theory of color vision.
The color defined as green in the NCS or Natural Color System is NCS 2060-G. The natural color system is a color system based on the four unique hues or psychological primary colors red, yellow, green, and blue. The NCS is based on the opponent process theory of vision.
The Natural Color System is widely used in Scandinavia.
Green (Munsell)
Green (Munsell)
The hues of the Munsell color system, at varying values, and maximum chroma to stay in the sRGB gamut
The Munsell color system (Munsell 5G) includes a color defined as green. The Munsell color system is a color space that specifies colors based on three color dimensions: hue, value (lightness), and chroma (color purity), spaced uniformly in three dimensions in the elongated oval at an angle shaped Munsell color solid according to the logarithmic scale which governs human perception. In order for all the colors to be spaced uniformly, it was found necessary to use a color wheel with five primary colors—red, yellow, green, blue, and purple. The Munsell colors displayed are only approximate as they have been adjusted to fit into the sRGB gamut.
Harlequin is a color described as being located between green and yellow (closer to green than to yellow) on the color wheel. On color plate 17 in the 1930 book A Dictionary of Color (see reference below), the color harlequin is shown as being a highly saturated rich color at a position halfway between chartreuse and green. Thus in modern color terminology, harlequin is the color halfway between green and chartreuse green on the RGB color wheel.
The first recorded use of harlequin as a color name in English was in 1923.[9]
Silver Patron tequila is sold in harlequin-colored boxes.
Harlequin is also an adjective used to describe something that is colored in a pattern, usually a diamond-shaped pattern,[10] as in the dress traditionally associated with harlequins. Similarly, it can mean anything multicolored or prismatic, such as opals or other precious gems which are highly variegated in color and hue. In the early 2000s, a harlequin color paint was invented for automobiles that appears different colors from different angles of view.
Green is common in nature, especially in plants. Many plants are green mainly because of a complex chemical known as chlorophyll which is involved in photosynthesis.[12] Many shades of green have been named after plants or are related to plants. Due to varying ratios of chlorophylls (and different amounts as well as other plant pigments being present), the plant kingdom exhibits many shades of green in both hue (true color) and value (lightness/darkness). The chlorophylls in living plants have distinctive green colors, while dried or cooked portions of plants are different shades of green due to the chlorophyll molecules losing their inner magnesium ion.
Apple green
"Apple green" redirects here. For other uses, see Apple Green.
Apple green is a representation of the color of the outer skin of a Granny Smith apple. A darker version of this color has been used for the IRT Lexington Avenue Line since June 1979, when the NYCTA decided to assign line colors to all the routes within the major trunk lines in the Central Business District, plus different colors for services not entering Manhattan. By doing this, they scrapped the 1967 colors that were assigned separately to each service.
The first recorded use of apple green as a color name in English was in 1648.[13]
Kelly green is an intense, pure green named after the common Irish family name, Kelly. It evokes the lush green Irish meadows and is also commonly associated with St. Patrick's Day.
Pine green is a rich shade of spring green that resembles the color of pine trees. It is an official Crayola color (since 1903).[citation needed]
Pine green is a rich dark shade of cyan that resembles the color of pine trees. It is an official Crayola color (since 1903) that is this exact shade in the Crayola crayon, but in the markers, it is known as crocodile green.
The color pine green is a representation of the average color of the leaves of the trees of a coniferous forest. The color pine green was originally known as pine tree. The first recorded use of pine tree as a color name in English was in 1923.[29]
The first recorded use of pine tree as a color name in English was in 1923.[30]
Sap green is a green-looking pigment that was traditionally made of ripe buckthorn berries. However, modern colors marketed under this name are usually a blend of other pigments, commonly with a basis of Phthalocyanine Green G. It is one of the greens used in The Joy of Painting.
Tea green is a light shade of green. It is a representation of the color of brewed green tea, i.e., the color of the hot green tea after the green tea leaves have been brewed in boiling water.[34]
The first recorded use of tea green as a color name in English was in 1858.[35]
Emerald, also called emerald green, is a tone of green that is particularly light and bright, with a faint bluish cast. The name derives from the typical appearance of the emeraldgemstone.[37]
The first recorded use of emerald as a color name in English was in 1598.[38]
Ireland is sometimes referred to as the Emerald Isle due to its lush greenery. The May birthstone is emerald. Seattle is sometimes referred to as the Emerald City, because its abundant rainfall creates lush vegetation. In the Middle Ages, The Emerald Tablet of Hermes Trismegistus was believed to contain the secrets of alchemy. "Emerald City", from the story of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, by L. Frank Baum, is a city where everything from food to people are emerald green. However, it is revealed at the end of the story that everything in the city is normal colored, but the glasses everyone wears are emerald tinted. The Green Zone in Baghdad is sometimes ironically and cynically referred to as the Emerald City.[39] The Emerald Buddha is a figurine of the sitting Buddha, made of green jade (rather than emerald), clothed in gold, and about 45 cm tall. It is kept in the Chapel of the Emerald Buddha (Wat Phra Kaew) on the grounds of the Grand Palace in Bangkok. The Emerald Triangle refers to the three counties of Mendocino, Humboldt, and Trinity in Northern California, United States[40] because these three counties are the biggest marijuana producing counties in California and also the US.[40] A county-commissioned study reports pot accounts for up to two-thirds of the economy of Mendocino.[40]Emerald Cities: Urban Sustainability and Economic Development is a book published in 2010 by Joan Fitzgerald, director of the law, policy and society program at Northeastern University, about ecologically sustainablecity planning.
Emerald was invented in Germany in 1814. By taking acetic acid, mixing and boiling it with vinegar, and then by adding some arsenic, a bright blue-green hue was formed.[41]
The normalized color coordinates for emerald are identical to the color Paris green, which is the name introduced in England during the 19th century to market the dye that resulted from using the toxic inorganic compound created in Germany.[42] It was notorious for causing deaths due to it being a popular color used for wallpaper. Victorian women used this bright color for dresses, and florists used it on fake flowers.[43]
The color green earth is also known as terre verte and Verona green. It is an inorganic pigment derived from the minerals celadonite and glauconite.[45][46]
Hooker's green is a dark green color created by mixing Prussian blue and gamboge. Hooker's green takes its name from botanical artist William Hooker (1779–1832) who first created it particularly for illustrating leaves.[48]
Jade, also called jade green, is a representation of the color of the gemstone called jade, although the stone itself varies widely in hue.
The color name jade green was first used in Spanish in the form piedra de ijada in 1569.[49]
The first recorded use of jade green as a color name in English was in 1892.[50]
Celadon/ˈsɛlədɒn/ is a pale greyish shade of green, or rather a range of such shades. Celadon originates as a term for a class of Chinese ceramics, copied by Korea and Japan. However, the name, which is European, may originate from the character Celadon in L'Astrée, a French pastoral novel of 1627, who wore a light green color.[54][55]
Celadon glazes were very common, with the green color being reliably produced from about the tenth century onwards; this was appreciated in Asia for resembling jade, the most prestigious material of all. The glaze color comes from iron oxide's transformation from ferric to ferrous iron (Fe2O3 → FeO) during the firing process,[56] but is affected by a wide range of other factors and chemicals, making the precise color very difficult to control. As well as green, a wide range of browns, yellows, greys and sometimes blues all count as "celadon".[37][57]
Hunter green
For people named "Hunter Greene", see Hunter Greene.
Hunter green is a color that is a representation of the color worn as camouflage by hunters in the 19th century. Most hunters began wearing the color olive drab instead of hunter green about the beginning of the 20th century.[59] Some hunters still wear hunter green clothing or hunter green bandanas.
The first recorded use of hunter green as a color name in English was in 1892.[60]
Hunter green is one of the colors defined by the bandana code of the gayleather subculture. A hunter green bandana, if worn on the left, indicates that one is a "leather daddy", whereas if a hunter green bandana is worn on the right, it indicates that one is looking for a leather daddy, i.e., looking for a "daddy-boy" relationship.[61][62][63]
It was also chosen as a color by pro-Alid (Shi'a) factions. Thus in 817, when the Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun adopted the Alid Ali al-Ridha a his heir-apparent, he also changed the dynastic color from black to green. The change was reverted al-Ma'mun had Ali killed, and returned to Baghdad in 819.[68] Green remains particularly popular in Shi'ite iconography, but it is also widely used in by Sunni states. It is notably used in the flag of Saudi Arabia and flag of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.
Green and white are the primary school colors representing Michigan State University. The university board of trustees officially standardized MSU green as part of a larger university branding effort, replacing a lighter green (PMS 341) used from 1997 to 2010. The official color was chosen based on the traditional darker Spartan green found on the original university varsity letter jackets and marching band jackets. The official green of Michigan State University is represented by Pantone Matching System ink color 567 (PMS 567).
NDHU green is the official color of National Dong Hwa University, adopted in 1994. The university officially set NDHU green as part of a larger university branding effort. It represents the books, forest of knowledge, and its campus with nature-based setting.
Pakistan green is a shade of dark green, used in web development and graphic design. It originates with the field of green used on the flag of Pakistan, only stipulated as "dark green" in the national flag code. It is almost identical to the HTML/X11dark green in sRGB and HSV values.
Rifle green was originally adopted by rifle regiments in the 18th century, including the famous 95th Rifles of the Napoleonic Wars. As the traditional role of riflemen was that of marksmen and skirmishers who attacked behind the cover of trees, a dark green uniform was adopted as an early form of camouflage, as opposed to the colorful uniforms worn by other soldiers of the period. The vegetable based dyes used during the 18th and early 19th centuries were not fast, frequently fading after exposure to the elements to lighter shades of green or even brown. While this had advantages in terms of reduced visibility on active service, it did not make for a smart appearance on the peace-time parade ground. Accordingly, the color of the rifleman's uniform was progressively darkened until it approached black. After 1890 the development of chemical dyes permitted the adoption of the stable shade of rifle green now worn. In the U.S. armed forces, the green beret may be worn only by soldiers awarded the Special Forces Tab, signifying they have been qualified as special forces soldiers. The special forces beret is officially designated "beret, man's, wool, rifle green, army shade 297". Previously, rifle green uniforms had been issued to Hiram Berdan's elite 1st and 2nd United States Sharpshooters during the American Civil War.
Rifle green was the official uniform colour of the Canadian Forces (CF) after unification; it was thereafter generally referred to as "CF green". After the introduction of the distinctive environmental uniform (DEU), rifle green remained as the uniform colour of the winter land environment DEU; a short-lived tan uniform was worn in summer. After the demise of the tans, the rifle green DEU was worn year-round. Rifle green was also the colour of the uniform worn by the Northern Irish Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) until 2001 where the RUC was renamed the PSNI and while the uniform color remained the same, terminology changed to "bottle green".[79]
Rifle green is 19–0419 TPX in the Pantone palette, or hex code #444C38 in the sRGB color space, as shown above.
The first recorded use of Russian green as a color name in English was in the 1830s (exact year uncertain).[82] The term appears to refer to the medium shade of green worn by most regiments of the Imperial Russian Army from 1700 to 1914.
^Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 194; Color Sample of Erin Page 81 Plate 29 Color Sample F12; A deep tone of the color Erin is shown as lying half way between a deep tone of green and a deep tone of the color that is now called spring green, on the bottom row of color samples on the color plate, which represent the deeper tones of the colors between green and the color now called spring green.
^The color displayed in the color box above matches the color called harlequin in the 1930 book by Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill; the color harlequin is displayed on page 57, Plate 17, Color Sample K11.
^Maerz, Aloys John; Paul, Morris Rea (1930). "A Dictionary of Color" (1st ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill: 57 plate 17 color sample K11; p. 196. OCLC1150631. ((cite journal)): Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^The color displayed in the color box above matches the color called fern green in the 1930 book by Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill; the color fern green is displayed on page 65, Plate 21, Color Sample F5. Crayola's fern colour is a lighter shade.
^Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 195; color sample of Fern Green: Page 65 Plate 21 Color Sample F5
^Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 195; color sample of Jungle Green: Page 69 Plate 23 Color Sample L6
^Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 201; color sample of Jungle Green: Page 87 Plate 32 Color Sample L12 Note: The Color Sample shown as Jungle Green in Maerz and Paul is the color shown in the article on "jungle green" as dark jungle green.
^Type the words "Kombu Green" into the indicated window on the Pantone Color Finder and the color will appear.
^The color displayed in the color box above matches the color called laurel green in the 1930 book by Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill; the color laurel green is displayed on page 67, Plate 22, Color Sample L1.
^Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 197; color sample of Laurel Green: Page 67 Plate 22 Color Sample L1. The color displayed in the color box above as "laurel green" matches the color shown in the color sample in Maerz and Paul
^"Ca through Cz". ISCC-NBS Dictionary of Colo(u)r Names. John C. Foster and Texas Precancel Club. 1955. color sample #26. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 22 September 2010. The ISCC-NBS Dictionary of Color Names is a color dictionary used by stamp collectors to identify the colors of stamps.
^The color displayed in the color box above matches the color called moss green in the 1930 book by Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill; the color moss green is displayed on page 65, Plate 21, Color Sample L2.
^Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill p. 199; Color Sample of Moss Green: p. 65 Plate 21 Color Sample L2
^I. Patterson, A Dictionary of Colour, Thorogood, 2003, ISBN1-85418-247-1, page 381. "tea green – The greyish green of green tea."
^Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 205; Color Sample of Tea Green: Page 65 Plate 21 Color Sample C2
^The color displayed in the color box above matches the color called emerald green in the 1930 book by Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill; the color emerald green is displayed on page 75, Plate 26, Color Sample J10.
^Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 162—Discussion of color Jade Green
^Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 197
^The color displayed in the color box above matches the color called malachite in the 1930 book by Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill; the color malachite green is displayed on page 79, Plate 28, Color Sample A9.
^Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 198; Color Sample of Malachite Green: Page 79 Plate 28 Color Sample A9
^Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 201; color sample of Persian green: Page 85 Plate 31 Color Sample H7
^The source of this color is the ISCC-NBS Dictionary of Color Names (1955), a color dictionary used by stamp collectors to identify the colors of stamps, now on the Internet—see sample of the color Persian green (color sample #159) displayed on indicated web page: [1]Archived 30 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
^The color displayed in the color box above matches the color called Rifle green in the 1930 book by Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill; the color Rifle green is displayed on page 87, Plate 32, Color Sample A2.
^The color displayed in the color box above (color sample #136 on the ISCC-NBS color list) matches the color called Russian green in the 1930 book by Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill; the color Russian green is displayed on page 83, Plate 30, Color Sample D7.
^Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 203; Color Sample of Russian Green: Page 83 Plate 30 Color Sample D7
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