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((More citations needed|date=March 2011))
((Politics of Moldova))
The '''independence of Moldova''' was officially recognized on 2 March 1992, when [[Moldova]] gained membership of the [[United Nations]].  The nation had declared its independence from the [[Soviet Union]] on 27 August 1991, and was a co-founder of the post-Soviet Commonwealth of Independent States. Moldova became fully independent from the Soviet Union that December, and joined the United Nations three months later.

== Background ==

[[File:Stamp of Moldova md394-6a.jpg|thumb|left|Stamp commemorating the date of 23 June 1991, the date on which the independence of the Republic of Moldova was voted and proclaimed by the [[Parliament of Moldova|Moldovan Parliament]].]]

In the new political conditions created after 1985 by the [[glasnost]] policy introduced by [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] in 1986 to support [[perestroika]] (restructuring), a [[Democratic Movement of Moldova]] (((lang-ro|Mişcarea Democratică din Moldova))) was formed, which in 1989 became known as the nationalist [[Popular Front of Moldova]] (FPM; ((lang-ro|Frontul Popular din Moldova))).<ref name="lang matei">((in lang|ro)) Horia C. Matei, "State lumii. Enciclopedie de istorie." Meronia, București, 2006, p. 292-294</ref><ref>"[http://dev.eurac.edu:8085/mugs2/do/blob.pdf?type=pdf&serial=1047909431571 Romanian Nationalism in the Republic of Moldova] ((webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927011752/http://dev.eurac.edu:8085/mugs2/do/blob.pdf?type=pdf&serial=1047909431571 |date=2007-09-27 ))" by Andrei Panici, American University in Bulgaria, 2002; pages 40 and 41</ref> Along with several other Soviet republics, from 1988 onwards, Moldova started to move towards independence. On 27 August 1989, the FPM organized a mass demonstration in [[Chişinău]], that became known as the Great National Assembly (((lang-ro|Marea Adunare Naţională))), which pressured the authorities of the [[Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic]] to adopt a language law on 31 August 1989, that proclaimed the [[Moldovan language]] written in the Latin script to be the state language of the MSSR. Its identity with the [[Romanian language]] was also established.<ref name="lang matei"/><ref name="lang law">[http://www.iatp.md/ladom/downloads/M3.doc Legea cu privire la functionarea limbilor vorbite pe teritoriul RSS Moldovenesti Nr.3465-XI din 01.09.89 Vestile nr.9/217, 1989] ((webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060219024839/http://www.iatp.md/ladom/downloads/M3.doc |date=2006-02-19 )) (Law regarding the usage of languages spoken on the territory of the Republic of Moldova): ''"Moldavian SSR supports the desire of the Moldovans that live across the borders of the Republic, and considering the existing linguistic Moldo-Romanian identity — of the Romanians that live on the territory of the USSR, of doing their studies and satisfying their cultural needs in their native language."''</ref>

The [[1990 Moldavian Supreme Soviet election|first independent elections]] for the local parliament were held in February and March 1991. [[Mircea Snegur]] was elected as speaker of the parliament, and [[Mircea Druc]] as prime minister. On 23 June 1990, the parliament adopted the Declaration of Sovereignty of the Soviet Socialist Republic Moldova, which, among other things, stipulated the supremacy of Moldovan laws over those of the Soviet Union.<ref name="lang matei"/> After the failure of the [[1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt]], on 27 August 1991, Moldova declared its independence. On 21 December of the same year, Moldova, along with most of the former Soviet republics, signed the constitutive act that formed the post-Soviet [[Commonwealth of Independent States]] (CIS). Moldova became fully independent from the Soviet Union on 25 December 1991. The following day the Soviet Union ceased to exist. Declaring itself a [[neutral state]], it did not join the military branch of the CIS. Three months later, on 2 March 1992, the country gained formal recognition as an independent state at the [[United Nations]]. In 1994, Moldova became a member of [[NATO]]'s [[Partnership for Peace]] program and also a member of the [[Council of Europe]] on 29 June 1995.<ref name="lang matei"/>

== Declaration of Independence of Moldova ==
((main|Declaration of Independence of Moldova))

The [[Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Moldova]] was a document adopted by the [[Parliament of the Republic of Moldova]] following the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]]. The document claims "millenary history" and "uninterrupted statehood" within historic and ethnic borders.

[[Moldova|The Republic of Moldova]] gained official recognition of statehood on 2 March 1992, when gaining membership of the [[United Nations]].

==Disputed status of Transnistria==
[[Image:TransnistrianRegionMap.png|thumb|right|150px|[[Transnistria]]n region of Moldova]]
((Main|Transnistria))

The Moldovan Declaration of Independence clearly and directly claims Moldovan [[sovereignty]] over the territory of [[Transnistria]] as it is "a component part of the historical and ethnic territory of our people". However, the Moldovan Declaration of Independence is itself used as an argument against Moldovan sovereignty over Transnistria as it denounces the [[Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact|agreement of 23 August 1939]], between the government of the [[Soviet Union]] and the government of [[Nazi Germany]], the only formal mention of the union between the two territories, "null and void" .<ref>[http://www.tiraspoltimes.com/news/former_assr_pridnestrovie_reminds_moldova_you_yourself_denounced_our_union.html Tiraspol Times; Former ASSR Pridnestrovie reminds Moldova: "You yourself denounced our union"]</ref>

==See also==
* [[Disputed status of Transnistria]]
* [[Transnistrian Declaration of Independence]]

==Notes==
((reflist))

==External links==
* [http://politicom.moldova.org/pagini/eng/487/ Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Moldova]((dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes ))
* [http://www.moldovastamps.org/catalogue_stamps_issue.asp?issueID=1 Postage Stamps Celebrating the First Anniversary of the Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Moldova]

((Moldova topics))
((Fall of Communism))

((DEFAULTSORT:Independence Of Moldova))
[[Category:1991 in law]]
[[Category:Law of Moldova]]
[[Category:Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic]]
[[Category:History of Moldova since 1991]]
[[Category:Political history of Moldova]]
[[Category:1991 in international relations]]
[[Category:Dissolution of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:1991 in Moldova]]

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