Serbia — Србија — Srbija
Panoramic view of Belgrade and the confluence of the Sava River and the Danube
Flag of Serbia Coat of Arms of Serbia
Serbia Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country at the crossroads of Southeast and Central Europe, located in the Balkans and the Pannonian Plain . It borders Hungary to the north, Romania to the northeast, Bulgaria to the southeast, North Macedonia to the south, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina to the west, and Montenegro to the southwest. Serbia claims a border with Albania through the disputed territory of Kosovo . Serbia has about 6.6 million inhabitants, excluding Kosovo. Its capital Belgrade is also the largest city .
Continuously inhabited since the Paleolithic Age, the territory of modern-day Serbia faced Slavic migrations in the 6th century, establishing several regional states in the early Middle Ages at times recognised as tributaries to the Byzantine , Frankish and Hungarian kingdoms. The Serbian Kingdom obtained recognition by the Holy See and Constantinople in 1217, reaching its territorial apex in 1346 as the Serbian Empire . By the mid-16th century, the Ottomans annexed the entirety of modern-day Serbia; their rule was at times interrupted by the Habsburg Empire , which began expanding towards Central Serbia from the end of the 17th century while maintaining a foothold in Vojvodina . In the early 19th century, the Serbian Revolution established the nation-state as the region's first constitutional monarchy , which subsequently expanded its territory. In 1918, in the aftermath of World War I , the Kingdom of Serbia united with the former Habsburg crownland of Vojvodina ; later in the same year it joined with other South Slavic nations in the foundation of Yugoslavia , which existed in various political formations until the Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s. During the breakup of Yugoslavia , Serbia formed a union with Montenegro , which was peacefully dissolved in 2006, restoring Serbia's independence as a sovereign state for the first time since 1918. In 2008, representatives of the Assembly of Kosovo unilaterally declared independence , with mixed responses from the international community while Serbia continues to claim it as part of its own sovereign territory .
Serbia is an upper-middle income economy , ranked "very high" in the Human Development Index domain. It is a unitary parliamentary constitutional republic , member of the UN , CoE , OSCE , PfP , BSEC , CEFTA , and is acceding to the WTO . Since 2014, the country has been negotiating its EU accession , with the possibility of joining the European Union by 2030. Serbia formally adheres to the policy of military neutrality . The country provides universal health care and free primary and secondary education to its citizens. (Full article...
Bomb-damaged buildings in Belgrade in April 1941
Operation Retribution German : Unternehmen Strafgericht ), also known as Operation Punishment , was the April 1941 German bombing of Belgrade , the capital of Yugoslavia , in retaliation for the coup d'état that overthrew the government that had signed the Tripartite Pact . The bombing occurred in the first days of the German-led Axis invasion of Yugoslavia during World War II . The Royal Yugoslav Army Air Force (VVKJ) had only 77 modern fighter aircraft available to defend Belgrade against the hundreds of German fighters and bombers that struck in the first wave early on 6 April. Three days prior, VVKJ Major Vladimir Kren had defected to the Germans, disclosing the locations of multiple military assets and divulging the VVKJ's codes.
Three more waves of bombers attacked Belgrade on 6 April, and more attacks followed in subsequent days. The attacks resulted in the paralysis of Yugoslav civilian and military command and control, the widespread destruction of Belgrade's infrastructure, and many civilian casualties. The ground invasion had begun a few hours earlier, and air attacks were also made on VVKJ airfields and other strategic targets across Yugoslavia. Among the non-military targets struck during the bombing were the
National Library of Serbia , which burned to the ground with the loss of hundreds of thousands of books and manuscripts, and the
Belgrade Zoo . (
Full article... )
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Population statistics of Serbia (2011 census)
Serbia 7,186,862
Belgrade region 1,659,440
Vojvodina region 1,931,809
Šumadija and West Serbia region 2,031,697
South and East Serbia region 1,563,916
Kosovo and Metohija n/a See more...
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Largest cities of Serbia (2011 census) Belgrade Novi Sad - 335,701Niš - 257,867Kragujevac - 177,468Leskovac - 143,962Subotica - 140,358Kruševac - 127,429Kraljevo - 124,554Zrenjanin - 122,714Pančevo - 122,252Šabac - 115,347Čačak - 114,809Smederevo - 107,528Sombor - 97,263Valjevo - 95,631
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