THE VISUAL ARTS PORTAL

Introduction

The Church at Auvers, an oil painting by Vincent van Gogh (1890)

The visual arts are art forms such as painting, drawing, printmaking, sculpture, ceramics, photography, video, filmmaking, design, crafts and architecture. Many artistic disciplines such as performing arts, conceptual art, and textile arts also involve aspects of visual arts as well as arts of other types. Also included within the visual arts are the applied arts such as industrial design, graphic design, fashion design, interior design and decorative art.

Current usage of the term "visual arts" includes fine art as well as the applied or decorative arts and crafts, but this was not always the case. Before the Arts and Crafts Movement in Britain and elsewhere at the turn of the 20th century, the term 'artist' had for some centuries often been restricted to a person working in the fine arts (such as painting, sculpture, or printmaking) and not the decorative arts, craft, or applied Visual arts media. The distinction was emphasized by artists of the Arts and Crafts Movement, who valued vernacular art forms as much as high forms. Art schools made a distinction between the fine arts and the crafts, maintaining that a craftsperson could not be considered a practitioner of the arts. The increasing tendency to privilege painting, and to a lesser degree sculpture, above other arts has been a feature of Western art as well as East Asian art. In both regions painting has been seen as relying to the highest degree on the imagination of the artist, and the furthest removed from manual labour – in Chinese painting the most highly valued styles were those of "scholar-painting", at least in theory practiced by gentleman amateurs. The Western hierarchy of genres reflected similar attitudes. (Full article...)

Outline of the visual arts

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The Vatican Museums as seen from the dome of St. Peter's Basilica

The Vatican Museums (Italian: Musei Vaticani; Latin: Musea Vaticana) are the public museums of the Vatican City. They display works from the immense collection amassed by the Catholic Church and the papacy throughout the centuries, including several of the most renowned Roman sculptures and most important masterpieces of Renaissance art in the world. The museums contain roughly 70,000 works, of which 20,000 are on display, and currently employ 640 people who work in 40 different administrative, scholarly, and restoration departments.

Pope Julius II founded the museums in the early 16th century. The Sistine Chapel, with its ceiling and altar wall decorated by Michelangelo, and the Stanze di Raffaello (decorated by Raphael) are on the visitor route through the Vatican Museums. (Full article...)

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National Gallery Dürer's Rhinoceros Sistine Chapel ceiling Buddhist art The Four Stages of Cruelty Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima Northwest Coast art Campbell's Soup Cans House with Chimaeras Hoysala architecture Impressionism Dutch Golden Age painting Preparing for a Fancy Dress Ball Funerary art Oviri The Raft of the Medusa Book of Kells Olmec colossal heads Grant Memorial coinage Weather Machine Whaam! Léal Souvenir Warlugulong Migration of the Serbs (painting) Ukiyo-e Hope (painting) The Princesse de Broglie The World Before the Flood The Swimming Hole Nativity (Christus) Louvre Hermitage Museum National Museum of China Metropolitan Museum of Art Vkhutemas Scottish art in the nineteenth century Mathematics and architecture Bois Protat Stars (M. C. Escher) Freydal Low-key photography National Museum of African Art Arts Club of Chicago Urania's Mirror A Vision of the Last Judgement B of the Bang Petersen Rock Garden Happy Brothers Skagen Painters The Proclamation of Dušan's Law Codex Skaters in the Bois de Boulogne Burnham Pavilions Pop art Lascaux Photojournalism Beaune Altarpiece Dresden Triptych Four Freedoms (Rockwell) Holy Thorn Reliquary Museum of Bad Art Portrait of Mariana of Austria Statue of Liberty September Morn Preparing for a Fancy Dress Ball The Blind Leading the Blind The Cloisters The Disasters of War Tornado over Kansas The Entombment (Bouts) Vkhutemas Head VI Hope (painting) Illustrations of the Family of Psittacidae, or Parrots The Garden of Earthly Delights

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“	Many are willing to suffer for their art. Few are willing to learn to draw.	”
	— Simon Munnery, Attention Scum!

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Self-Portrait with Beret and Turned-Up Collar (1659), National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.

Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (/ˈrɛmbrænt, ˈrɛmbrɑːnt/, Dutch: [ˈrɛmbrɑnt ˈɦɑrmə(n)ˌsoːɱ vɑn ˈrɛin] (listen); 15 July 1606 – 4 October 1669), usually simply known as Rembrandt, was a Dutch Golden Age painter, printmaker and draughtsman. An innovative and prolific master in three media, he is generally considered one of the greatest visual artists in the history of art and the most important in Dutch art history. Unlike most Dutch masters of the 17th century, depict a wide range of style and subject matter, from portraits and self-portraits to landscapes, genre scenes, allegorical and historical scenes, and biblical and mythological themes as well as animal studies. His contributions to art came in a period of great wealth and cultural achievement that historians call the Dutch Golden Age, when Dutch art (especially Dutch painting), although in many ways antithetical to the Baroque style that dominated Europe, was extremely prolific and innovative and gave rise to important new genres. Like many artists of the Dutch Golden Age, such as Jan Vermeer of Delft, Rembrandt was also an avid art collector and dealer.

Rembrandt never went abroad, but he was considerably influenced by the work of the Italian masters and Netherlandish artists who had studied in Italy, like Pieter Lastman, the Utrecht Caravaggists, Flemish Baroque, and Peter Paul Rubens. After he achieved youthful success as a portrait painter, Rembrandt's later years were marked by personal tragedy and financial hardships. Yet his etchings and paintings were popular throughout his lifetime, his reputation as an artist remained high, and for twenty years he taught many important Dutch painters. (Full article...)

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Florence Fuller Henry Moore Vincent van Gogh El Greco James B. Longacre Emily Sartain Daisy Jugadai Napaltjarri Caspar David Friedrich Maria Dulębianka Lisa del Giocondo Stefan Lochner Eleanor Norcross Danie Mellor Herbert Maryon Jean Bellette El Lissitzky Xue Susu Iso Rae Auguste Rodin Roman Vishniac Salvador Dalí Paul Kane Adolfo Farsari Pierre Rossier Caravaggio Chaim Koppelman Francis Bacon (artist) Jacob van Ruisdael Robert Peake the Elder Benedetto Pistrucci John Michael Wright Tom Thomson Michelangelo Leonardo da Vinci William Adam (architect) Karoly Grosz (illustrator) William Bliss Baker Gasparo Cairano Joanne Gair M. C. Escher Olek (artist) Grandma Moses Han Sai Por Banksy Pierre-Auguste Renoir John Thirtle Constance Stokes D. H. Turner Edward Thomas Daniell George Vincent (painter) Edward Mitchell Bannister

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Did you know...

Prometheus (1930)

... that abstract expressionist Jackson Pollock considered the greatest painting in North America to be a mural of Prometheus (pictured) at Pomona College by Mexican artist José Clemente Orozco?
... that Bathsheba at Her Bath has been called "Rembrandt's greatest painting of the nude"?
...that the Royal Fort in Bristol was built with façades in Baroque, Palladian and Rococo styles because it was a compromise between the designs of three different architects?
...that Lil' Pimp was the first feature-length film to be created entirely with Macromedia Flash animation?
...that the Mona Lisa has no eyebrows?

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General images

The following are images from various visual arts-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Dale Chihuly, 2006, (Blown glass) (from Sculpture)
Image 2Pettakere Cave are more than 44,000 years old, Maros, South Sulawesi, Indonesia (from History of painting)
Image 3Hindu Gupta terracotta relief, 5th century CE, of Krishna Killing the Horse Demon Keshi (from Sculpture)
Image 4Cueva de las Manos (Spanish for Cave of the Hands) in the Santa Cruz province in Argentina, c. 7300 BC (from History of painting)
Image 5Hand stencils in the "Tree of Life" cave painting in Gua Tewet, Kalimantan, Indonesia (from History of painting)
Image 6A fresco from Cave 1 of Ajanta. (from History of painting)
Image 7The Drawing Class, by Michiel Sweerts, c. 1656 (from Visual arts education)
Image 8A Chinese painted jar from the Western Han Era (202 BCE – 9 CE) (from History of painting)
Image 9Brice Marden, 1966/1986, Monochrome painting (from History of painting)
Image 10A Jōmon dogū figure, 1st millennium BCE, Japan (from Sculpture)
Image 11Cylinder seal with its impression on clay; serpopards and eagles, Uruk Period, 4100–3000 BCE (from Sculpture)
Image 12Seated Bodhisattva Guanyin, wood and pigment, 11th century, Northern Song dynasty. (from Sculpture)
Image 13Section of Trajan's Column, CE 113, with scenes from the Dacian Wars (from Sculpture)
Image 14The Trundholm sun chariot, perhaps 1800–1500 BCE; this side is gilded, the other is "dark". (from Sculpture)
Image 15Bharat Mata by Abanindranath Tagore (1871–1951), a nephew of the poet Rabindranath Tagore, and a pioneer of the movement (from History of painting)
Image 16Art model posing in a French painting school following the atelier method (from Visual arts education)
Image 17Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Apollo and Daphne in the Galleria Borghese, 1622–1625 (from Sculpture)
Image 18Sumerian male worshipper, alabaster with shell eyes, 2750−2600 BCE (from Sculpture)
Image 19Henry Moore, Large Reclining Figure, 1984 (based on a smaller model of 1938), Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge (from Sculpture)
Image 20Ludwig Gies, cast iron plaquette, 8 x 9.8 cm, Refugees, 1915 (from Sculpture)
Image 21Marcel Duchamp, Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2, 1912, Philadelphia Museum of Art (from History of painting)
Image 22Henri Matisse 1909, late Fauvism (from History of painting)
Image 23French ivory Virgin and Child, end of 13th century, 25 cm high, curving to fit the shape of the ivory tusk (from Sculpture)
Image 24Lascaux, Aurochs (Bos primigenius primigenius) (from History of painting)
Image 25Silver monster on a chape, Scottish or Anglo-Saxon, St Ninian's Isle Treasure, c. 800? (from Sculpture)
Image 26Netsuke of tigress with two cubs, mid-19th-century Japan, ivory with shell inlay (from Sculpture)
Image 27David Smith, CUBI VI, (1963), Israel Museum, Jerusalem. (from Sculpture)
Image 28Piet Mondrian, "Composition No. 10" 1939–1942, De Stijl (from History of painting)
Image 29Visible damage due to acid rain on a sculpture (from Sculpture)
Image 30Hellenistic Greek terracotta funerary wall painting, 3rd century BC (from History of painting)
Image 31Charioteer of Delphi, ancient Greek bronze sculpture, 5th century BCE, close up head detail (from Sculpture)
Image 32Nuremberg sculptor Adam Kraft, self-portrait from St Lorenz Church, 1490s. (from Sculpture)
Image 33Spring Morning in the Han Palace, by Ming-era artist Qiu Ying (1494–1552 AD) (from History of painting)
Image 34Diego Rivera, Recreation of Man at the Crossroads (renamed Man, Controller of the Universe), originally created in 1934, Mexican muralism movement (from History of painting)
Image 35Francis Picabia, (Left) Le saint des saints c'est de moi qu'il s'agit dans ce portrait, 1 July 1915; (center) Portrait d'une jeune fille americaine dans l'état de nudité, 5 July 1915: (right) J'ai vu et c'est de toi qu'il s'agit, De Zayas! De Zayas! Je suis venu sur les rivages du Pont-Euxin, New York, 1915 (from History of painting)
Image 36The Dying Gaul, or The Capitoline Gaul a Roman marble copy of a Hellenistic work of the late 3rd century BCE Capitoline Museums, Rome (from Sculpture)
Image 37Patrick Henry Bruce, American modernism, 1924 (from History of painting)
Image 38Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka, rock painting, Stone Age, India (from History of painting)
Image 39Lascaux, Horse (from History of painting)
Image 40Pictographs from the Great Gallery, Canyonlands National Park, Horseshoe Canyon, Utah, c. 1500 BCE (from History of painting)
Image 41Lascaux, Bulls and Horses (from History of painting)
Image 42Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka, rock painting, Stone Age, India (from History of painting)
Image 43Joan Miró, Horse, Pipe and Red Flower, 1920, abstract Surrealism, Philadelphia Museum of Art (from History of painting)
Image 44Qianlong Emperor Practicing Calligraphy, mid-18th century. (from History of painting)
Image 45The Brunswick Lion, 1166, the first large hollow casting of a figure since antiquity, 1.78 metres tall and 2.79 metres long (from Sculpture)
Image 46Max Beckmann, The Night (Die Nacht), 1918–1919, Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen, Düsseldorf (from History of painting)
Image 47One of the first representations of the Buddha, 1st–2nd century CE, Gandhara (from Sculpture)
Image 48Christo and Jeanne-Claude, Umbrellas 1991, Japan (from Sculpture)
Image 49Wayang beber, 17th century (from History of painting)
Image 50Thutmose, Bust of Nefertiti, 1345 BCE, Egyptian Museum of Berlin (from Sculpture)
Image 51Young Mother Sewing, Mary Cassatt (from History of painting)
Image 52Juan Luna, The Parisian Life, 1892 (from History of painting)
Image 53The Eternal Father Painting the Virgin of Guadalupe. Attributed to Joaquín Villegas (1713 – active in 1753) (Mexican) (painter, Museo Nacional de Arte. (from History of painting)
Image 54Max Ernst, 1920, early Surrealism (from History of painting)
Image 55An Ethiopian illuminated Evangelist portrait of Mark the Evangelist, from the Ethiopian Garima Gospels, 6th century AD, Kingdom of Aksum (from History of painting)
Image 56Detail of Crucifixion of Jesus Christ, Spanish, wood and polychrome, 1793. (from Sculpture)
Image 571881 painting by Marie Bashkirtseff, In the Studio, depicts an art school life drawing session, Dnipropetrovsk State Art Museum, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine (from Visual arts education)
Image 58Gwion Gwion rock paintings found in the north-west Kimberley region of Western Australia c. 15,000 BC (from History of painting)
Image 59High Classical high relief from the Elgin Marbles, which originally decorated the Parthenon, c. 447–433 BCE (from Sculpture)
Image 60Johannes Vermeer, c. 1660 (from History of painting)
Image 61Rembrandt van Rijn, The Jewish Bride, ca. 1665–1669 (from History of painting)
Image 62Michelangelo, Pietà, 1499 (from Sculpture)
Image 63Michelangelo, The Tomb of Pope Julius II, c. 1545, with statues of Rachel and Leah on the left and right of his Moses (from Sculpture)
Image 64Two Chiwara c. late 19th early 20th centuries, Art Institute of Chicago. Female (left) and male Vertical styles (from Sculpture)
Image 65Mother Goddess A miniature painting of the Pahari style, dating to the eighteenth century. Pahari and Rajput miniatures share many common features. (from History of painting)
Image 66Paul Klee, 1922, Bauhaus (from History of painting)
Image 67Assyrian lamassu gate guardian from Khorsabad, circa 800–721 BCE (from Sculpture)
Image 68Juan Luna, La Bulaqueña, 1895 (from History of painting)
Image 69Edgar Degas, Little Dancer of Fourteen Years, cast in 1922 from a mixed-media sculpture modeled c. 1879–80, Bronze, partly tinted, with cotton (from Sculpture)
Image 70A carved wooden Bodhisattva from China's Song dynasty 960–1279, Shanghai Museum (from Sculpture)
Image 71Eland, rock painting, Drakensberg, South Africa (from History of painting)
Image 72Moai from Easter Island, where the concentration of resources on large sculpture may have had serious political effects. (from Sculpture)
Image 73Spanish cave painting of Bulls (from History of painting)
Image 74Edvard Munch, 1893, early example of Expressionism (from History of painting)
Image 75Modern reconstruction of the original painted appearance of a Late Archaic Greek marble figure from the Temple of Aphaea, based on analysis of pigment traces, c. 500 BCE (from Sculpture)
Image 76Nara Daibutsu, c. 752, Nara, Japan (from Sculpture)
Image 77Silk painting depicting a man riding a dragon, painting on silk, dated to 5th–3rd century BC, Warring States period, from Zidanku Tomb no. 1 in Changsha, Hunan Province (from History of painting)
Image 78Mask from Gabon (from Sculpture)
Image 799th-century Khmer lintel (from Sculpture)
Image 80Two Scribes Seated with Books and a Writing Table Fragment of a decorative margin Northern India (Mughal school), ca. 1640–1650 (from History of painting)
Image 81Gaston Lachaise, Floating Figure 1927, bronze, no. 5 from an edition of 7, National Gallery of Australia (from Sculpture)
Image 82Pierre Bonnard, 1913, European modernist Narrative painting (from History of painting)
Image 83The Sakyamuni Buddha, by Zhang Shengwen, 1173–1176 AD, Song dynasty period. (from History of painting)
Image 84St. James panel, from reredos in Cristo Rey Church, Santa Fe, New Mexico, c. 1760 (from Sculpture)
Image 85Morgan Russell, Cosmic Synchromy (1913–14), Synchromism (from History of painting)
Image 86Open air Buddhist rock reliefs at the Longmen Grottoes, China (from Sculpture)
Image 87Antonio Canova: Psyche Revived by Love's Kiss, 1787 (from Sculpture)
Image 88Loquats and Mountain Bird, anonymous artist of the Southern Song dynasty; paintings in leaf album style such as this were popular in the Southern Song (1127–1279). (from History of painting)
Image 89A fresco showing Hades and Persephone riding in a chariot, from the tomb of Queen Eurydice I of Macedon at Vergina, Greece, 4th century BC (from History of painting)
Image 90Spiral Jetty by Robert Smithson, in 2005 (from Sculpture)
Image 91Augustan state Greco-Roman style on the Ara Pacis, 13 BCE (from Sculpture)
Image 92Edward Hopper 1942, American Scene painting (from History of painting)
Image 93Venus of Laussel c. 27,000 BP, an Upper Palaeolithic carving, Bordeaux museum, France (from Sculpture)
Image 94Small Greek terracotta figurines were very popular as ornaments in the home (from Sculpture)
Image 95Lubang Jeriji Saléh cave, in Kalimantan, Indonesia, one of the oldest known figurative paintings in the world, a depiction of a bull, has been dated to be 40,000 years old. (from History of painting)
Image 96Michelangelo's Moses, (c. 1513–1515), San Pietro in Vincoli, Rome, for the tomb of Pope Julius II (from Sculpture)
Image 97Discussion class on art appreciation at Shimer College (from Visual arts education)
Image 98Book of Hours (from History of painting)
Image 99The Pergamene style of the Hellenistic period, from the Pergamon Altar, early 2nd century (from Sculpture)
Image 100Ivory with traces of paint, 11th–12th century, Egypt (from Sculpture)
Image 101Creeping Hyena, c. 12–17,000 BP, mammoth ivory, found in La Madeleine, France (from Sculpture)
Image 102Muromachi period, Shingei (1431–1485), Viewing a Waterfall, Nezu Museum, Tokyo. (from History of painting)
Image 103The Gero Cross, c. 965–970, Cologne, Germany. The first great example of the revival of large sculpture (from Sculpture)
Image 104Medal of John VIII Palaeologus, c. 1435, by Pisanello, the first portrait medal, a medium essentially made for collecting. (from Sculpture)
Image 105Giorgio de Chirico 1914, pre-Surrealism (from History of painting)
Image 106Petroglyphs, from Sweden, Nordic Bronze Age (painted) (from History of painting)
Image 107Venus of Willendorf, c. 24,000–26,000 BP (from Sculpture)
Image 108Device to Root Out Evil (1997) sculpture by Dennis Oppenheim at
Palma de Mallorca, Plaça de la Porta de Santa Catalina (from Sculpture)
Image 109Urfa Man, in the Şanlıurfa Museum; sandstone, 1.80 meters, c. 9,000 BCE (from Sculpture)
Image 110Löwenmensch, from Hohlenstein-Stadel, now in Ulmer Museum, Ulm, Germany, the oldest known anthropomorphic animal-human statuette, Aurignacian era, c. 35–40,000 BP (from Sculpture)
Image 111Adriaen de Vries, Mercury and Psyche Northern Mannerist life-size bronze, made in 1593 for Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor. (from Sculpture)
Image 112The Angel of the North by Antony Gormley, 1998 (from Sculpture)
Image 113Grant Wood, 1930, social realism (from History of painting)
Image 114Swimming Reindeer c. 13,000 BP, female and male swimming reindeer – late Magdalenian period, found at Montastruc, Tarn et Garonne, France (from Sculpture)
Image 115Baptism of Christ on a medieval Nubian painting from Old Dongola (from History of painting)
Image 116Adult art education class at the Brooklyn Museum in 1935. (from Visual arts education)

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