The Royal Moroccan Gendarmerie (Arabic: الدرك الملكي المغربي, Standard Moroccan Tamazight: ⵜⵉⵊⴹⵕⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ) is the national gendarmerie force of the Kingdom of Morocco, and comes under the joint-authority of the Minister Delegate to the Head of Government in charge of the administration of National Defense, Ministry of Interior and Minister of Justice.
History
During the period of the French protectorate in Morocco, the French national gendarmerie was tasked to maintain law and order in Morocco & Tunisia. The Moroccan Royal Gendarmerie was founded on 29 April 1957 by the late King Mohammed V following independence.[2] A Dahir issued on 14 January 1958 further defined the principle and purpose of the Gendarmerie.[1] This describes the Royal Moroccan Gendarmerie as a public force designed to guarantee public security and public order and the implementation of laws. Article 2 of the legislation attaches the Gendarmerie to the Royal Moroccan Armed Forces, then constituting a military force in its structure, administration and command forms. And its personnel consists of officers and NCOs. Structure of its functions has been determined by the two major different but complementary traditions. One of them has its roots in the history and culture of Morocco. The gendarmerie was born of the Moroccan administrative and political system which has ensured public security and maintenance of public order for centuries. The second tradition (Makhzen) is much newer.
Duties
The Royal Moroccan Gendarmerie is a force of police tasked mainly to ensure public safety, maintain order and ensure law enforcement.[2]
Article 7 of the legislation stipulates the purpose of the gendarmerie is to ensure especially administrative, judicial and military policing activities directly and to help to the competent authorisations with the envisaged laws, which implies that the legislature has given great importance to policing duties.[1]
Article 3 of the legislation further define responsible ministry on the gendarmerie roles, which are:[1]
the National Defence Administration especially on the subjects of organisation equipment and military judicial policing ;
the Ministry of Justice for the implementation of judicial policing; and,
The duties of the Royal Gendarmerie, in the field of judicial policing, have been determined by the Criminal Procedure Code of 1959. It performs all these duties under the administration of the royal prosecutor and control of the Court of Appeal. Duties consist of criminal investigation, evidence gathering evidence, arresting criminal and execute judge's order. The personnel of the Royal Gendarmerie participates in the implementation Judicial Policing. The Royal Gendarmerie who acts with the characteristics of being a judicial oriented police officer according to the Court of Penal Proceedings, Detects and determines the violation of the laws as a judicial police; and as a police of public force, informs the royal prosecutor of crimes and offences over which they have no jurisdiction.[3]
To struggle against the continuous increase of crime and its international aspects and, on the other hand, the increase of the texts and their complexity the Royal Gendarmerie is modernising its methods and equipment continuously and reinforcing its efficiency by evaluating technical and scientific policing and criminal data. With this aim, two laboratories, which are under the administration of senior researchers, were established.[citation needed]
Administrative Police
In regards to duties of the Royal Gendarmerie, in the field of administrative policing, determined of a set of regulations dedicated to the maintenance of public order,[2] including serve as border guard.[4] On this role, the gendarmerie is responsible to the Ministry of Interior. The article 3 of the legislation allow gendarmerie to assists other ministerial departments such as:[1]
Since its foundation, the Royal Gendarmerie has developed efficient mutual co-operation basis with the other similar organizations and also joined in the FIEP organization in 1999 which provides a framework for the improvement of mutual relations between organizations and the maintenance of security in the region.
^ abcde"Dahir n° 1-57-280 du 14 janvier 1958 22 joumada II 1377 sur le service de la Gendarmerie royale marocaine" [Dahir No.1-57-280 of 14 January 1958 (22 joumada II 1377) on the service of the Royal Moroccan Gendarmerie]. Dahir No. 1-57-280 of 1958 (in French).
^"Dahir n° 1-58-261 du 1er chaabane 1378 (10 février 1959) formant code de procédure pénale" [Dahir No.1-58-261 of 10 February 1959 (22 joumada II 1377) on the Criminal Procedure Code]. Dahir No. 1-58-261 of 1959 (in French).
^Sanmartin, Olivier (November–December 2011). "Frontière, territoire et mémoire à Figuig, oasis des confins marocains". Annales de Géographie 120e Année (in French). 682: 683–696. JSTOR23457824.
^"Lutte contre la pêche INN" (in French). Ministry of agriculture, maritime fisheries, rural development and water and forests. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
