![]() Atlantis deploys a Defense Support Program (DSP) satellite. | |
Names | Space Transportation System-44 |
---|---|
Mission type | DSP satellite deployment |
Operator | NASA |
COSPAR ID | 1991-080A |
SATCAT no. | 21795 |
Mission duration | 6 days, 22 hours, 50 minutes, 44 seconds (achieved) |
Distance travelled | 4,651,112 km (2,890,067 mi) |
Orbits completed | 110 |
Spacecraft properties | |
Spacecraft | Space Shuttle Atlantis |
Launch mass | 117,766 kg (259,630 lb) |
Landing mass | 87,919 kg (193,828 lb) |
Payload mass | 20,240 kg (44,620 lb) |
Crew | |
Crew size | 6 |
Members | |
Start of mission | |
Launch date | 24 November 1991, 23:44:00 UTC |
Rocket | Space Shuttle Atlantis |
Launch site | Kennedy Space Center, LC-39A |
Contractor | Rockwell International |
End of mission | |
Landing date | 1 December 1991, 22:34:12 UTC |
Landing site | Edwards Air Force Base, Runway 5 |
Orbital parameters | |
Reference system | Geocentric orbit |
Regime | Low Earth orbit |
Perigee altitude | 363 km (226 mi) |
Apogee altitude | 371 km (231 mi) |
Inclination | 28.45° |
Period | 91.90 minutes |
Instruments | |
Air Force Maui Optical Site (AMOS) Bioreactor Flow Cosmic Radiation Effects and Activation Monitor (CREAM) Extended Duration Orbiter Medical Project Extended Duration Orbiter (EDO) Interim Operational Contamination Monitor (IOCM) Military Man in Space (M88-1) Radiation Monitoring Equipment (RME III) Shuttle Activation Monitor (SAM) Terra-Scout Ultraviolet Plume Instrument (UVPI) Visual Function Tester (VFT-1) | |
![]() STS-44 mission patch ![]() Standing: James S. Voss, Thomas J. Hennen, Mario Runco Jr. Seated: Terence T. Henricks, Frederick D. Gregory, F. Story Musgrave |
STS-44 was a NASA Space Shuttle mission using Atlantis that launched on 24 November 1991. It was a U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) space mission.
Position | Astronaut | |
---|---|---|
Commander | Frederick D. Gregory Third and last spaceflight | |
Pilot | Terence T. Henricks First spaceflight | |
Mission Specialist 1 | James S. Voss First spaceflight | |
Mission Specialist 2 | F. Story Musgrave Fourth spaceflight | |
Mission Specialist 3 | Mario Runco Jr. First spaceflight | |
Payload Specialist 1 | Thomas J. Hennen Only spaceflight |
Position | Astronaut | |
---|---|---|
Payload Specialist 1 | Michael E. Belt First spaceflight |
Seat[1] | Launch | Landing | ![]() Seats 1–4 are on the Flight Deck. Seats 5–7 are on the Middeck. |
---|---|---|---|
S1 | Gregory | Gregory | |
S2 | Henricks | Henricks | |
S3 | Voss | Runco | |
S4 | Musgrave | Musgrave | |
S5 | Runco | Voss | |
S6 | Hennen | Hennen |
The launch was on 24 November 1991 at 23:44:00 UTC. A launch set for 19 November 1991 was delayed due to replacement and testing of a malfunctioning redundant inertial measurement unit on the Inertial Upper Stage (IUS) booster attached to the Defense Support Program (DSP) satellite. The launch was reset for 24 November and was delayed by 13 minutes to allow an orbiting spacecraft to pass and to allow external tank liquid oxygen replenishment after minor repairs to a valve in the liquid oxygen replenishment system in the mobile launcher platform. Launch weight was 117,766 kilograms (259,630 lb).
The mission was dedicated to the Department of Defense. The unclassified payload included a Defense Support Program (DSP) satellite, DSP-16 attached to Inertial Upper Stage (IUS-14), deployed on flight day one. Cargo bay and middeck payloads included the Interim Operational Contamination Monitor (IOCM), Terra-Scout, Military Man in Space (M88-1), Air Force Maui Optical Site (AMOS), Cosmic Radiation Effects and Activation Monitor (CREAM), Shuttle Activation Monitor (SAM), Radiation Monitoring Equipment (RME III), Visual Function Tester (VFT-1), Ultraviolet Plume Instrument (UVPI), Bioreactor Flow, and Extended Duration Orbiter Medical Project, a series of investigations in support of Extended Duration Orbiter.
The landing was on 1 December 1991 at 22:34:44 UTC, Runway 5, Edwards Air Force Base, California. The rollout distance was 3,411 m (11,191 ft), and the rollout time was 107 seconds. The landing weight was 87,918 kg (193,826 lb). The landing was originally scheduled for Kennedy Space Center on 4 December 1991, but the ten-day mission was shortened and the landing rescheduled following the 30 November 1991 on-orbit failure of one of three orbiter inertial measurement units.[2] The lengthy rollout was due to minimal braking for test. Atlantis returned to Kennedy on 8 December 1991. This was also the final shuttle landing on a dry lake bed runway.
NASA began a tradition of playing music to astronauts during the Project Gemini, and first used music to wake up a flight crew during Apollo 15.[3]. Each track is specially chosen, often by the astronauts' families, and usually has a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or is applicable to their daily activities.
+ | Day | Song | Artist | Played/For |
---|---|---|---|---|
Day 2 | Recorded message from Patrick Stewart | Mario Runco | ||
Day 3 | This is the Army, Mr Jones | Irving Berlin | ||
Day 4 | It's Time to Love (Put a little love in your heart) | James Brown | ||
Day 5 | Cheesburger in Paradise | Jimmy Buffett | ||
Day 6 | Twist and Shout from Ferris Bueller's Day Off | |||
Day 7 | University of Alabama and Auburn University fight songs | Jim Voss and Jan Davis | ||
Day 8 | In the Mood |