July 1 : Canada Day (1867 ); Republic Day in Ghana (1960 ); Independence Day in Rwanda (1962 )
The burning of van Essen and Vos
July 2
Aftermath of the Jerusalem ramming attack
July 3
Battle of Gettysburg
July 4 : Republic Day in the Philippines (1946 ); Independence Day in the United States (1776 )
The Brazilian cruiser Bahia
July 5 : Fifth of July in New York
Juvénal Habyarimana
July 6 : Independence Day in Malawi (1964 )
Richard III of England
1483 – The last monarch of the House of York and the Plantagenet dynasty , Richard III (pictured) , was crowned King of England .
1916 – First World War : Russian troops won a victory in the Battle of Kostiuchnówka , with the Polish Legions playing a key role on the Austro-Hungarian side.
1941 – Second World War : After a three-month siege , the Italian garrison of Saïo (in modern-day Ethiopia) surrendered to Belgian, British and Ethiopian troops.
1971 – After visiting several Asian communist countries, Romanian leader Nicolae Ceaușescu gave a speech on a number of neo-Stalinist and socialist-realist ideals, which became known as the July Theses .
2013 – Gunmen attacked a secondary school in Mamudo, Yobe State , Nigeria, killing 42 people, mostly students.July 7
Samantha Smith
July 8
Head of a Bear
July 9
Donkey Kong cabinet
July 10 : Independence Day in the Bahamas (1973 )
Lady Jane Grey
July 11 : Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Genocide in Poland (1943 )
Sculpture of Zheng He
July 12 : Eid al-Mubahalah (Shia Islam, 2023)
Saint Basil's Cathedral
July 13
A tape recorder from Nixon's Oval Office
July 14 : Bastille Day in France (1789 ); Festino di Santa Rosalia begins in Palermo , Italy
Attack on Joseph Priestley's home
July 15
Surrender of Napoleon
July 16
Muhammad I of Granada (red shield)
July 17 : Marine Day in Japan (2023); Constitution Day in South Korea (1948 ); World Emoji Day
Russian imperial family, 1913
July 18
54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry storming Fort Wagner
July 19 : Islamic New Year (2023, 1445 AH )
Launch of SS Great Britain
998 – Arab–Byzantine wars : After initial Byzantine gains at the Battle of Apamea , a lone Kurdish rider killed Byzantine commander Damian Dalassenos , allowing Fatimid troops to turn the tide of the battle.
1843 – SS Great Britain , the first ocean-going ship with both an iron hull and a screw propeller , was launched (pictured) in Bristol , England.
1845 – A fire in Manhattan , New York, destroyed 345 buildings, killed 30 people, and caused at least $5 million in damage.
1903 – French cyclist Maurice Garin won the first edition of the Tour de France .
2014 – Gunmen perpetrated an assault against an Egyptian military checkpoint in the Libyan Desert , killing 22 soldiers.July 20
Special Olympics athletes in 2013
1333 – Second War of Scottish Independence : The Scottish-held town of Berwick-upon-Tweed surrendered to English forces, ending a siege led by King Edward III .
1867 – The United States Congress established the Indian Peace Commission to seek peace treaties with a number of Native American tribes .
1917 – The prime minister of Serbia, Nikola Pašić , and the president of the Yugoslav Committee , Ante Trumbić , signed the Corfu Declaration , agreeing to seek the establishment of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes .
1968 – The first games of the Special Olympics (athletes pictured) , for athletes with intellectual disabilities , were held at Soldier Field in Chicago.
2001 – The animated film Spirited Away , written and directed by Hayao Miyazaki , was released, becoming the highest-grossing film in Japanese history until 2020.July 21 : Belgian National Day (1831 )
Yuen Long attack
July 22 : Feast day of Saint Mary Magdalene (Christianity)
Jules-Albert de Dion
July 23 : Birthday of Haile Selassie (Rastafari )
Megawati Sukarnoputri
July 24 : Pioneer Day in Utah , United States (1847 )
Charles de Gaulle
July 25 : National Day of Galicia
Pratibha Patil
July 26 : Independence Day in Liberia (1847 )
Flag of Stellaland
July 27
Signing of the Korean Armistice Agreement in
Panmunjom
July 28 : Statehood Day in Ukraine (2022 )
Negroes' Protest a Silent Parade 1917 , Universal Animated Weekly newsreel
1148 – Crusades : The siege of Damascus ended in a decisive victory for the Muslims, leading to the disintegration of the Second Crusade .
1821 – Peruvian War of Independence : Argentine general José de San Martín declared the independence of Peru from the Spanish Empire .
1917 – In New York City, the NAACP and church and community leaders organized a silent march (newsreel footage featured) of at least 8,000 people to protest violence directed towards African Americans .
1976 – An earthquake registering 7.6 Mw , one of the deadliest in history, devastated Tangshan , China, and killed at least 240,000 people.
2001 – At the World Aquatics Championships in Fukuoka , Japan, Australian Ian Thorpe became the first swimmer to win six gold medals at a single FINA world championship .July 29 : Torch Festival in China (2024)
July 30
Brother Jonathan
1811 – Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla , leader of the Mexican War of Independence , was executed by Spanish forces in Chihuahua City , Mexico.
1865 – Off the coast of Crescent City, California , the steamer Brother Jonathan (depicted) struck an uncharted rock and sank, killing 225 people; its cargo of gold coins was not retrieved until 1996.
1930 – In Montevideo , the Uruguay national football team won the first FIFA World Cup .
1950 – At the height of a political crisis known as the royal question , four workers were shot dead by the Belgian Gendarmerie at a strike in Grâce-Berleur .
2006 – Lebanon War : The Israeli Air Force attacked a three-story building near the Lebanese village of Qana , killing at least 28 civilians, including 16 children.July 31 : Lā Hae Hawaiʻi (Flag Day) and Lā Hoʻihoʻi Ea (Sovereignty Restoration Day) in Hawaii (1843 )
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