Romanization system of Hakka
Hagfa Pinyim (literally "Hakka Pinyin") is a system of romanization used to transcribe Chinese characters as used in Hakka into Latin script. Hagfa Pinyim was developed by Lau Chun-fat (Chinese: 劉鎮發) for use in his Hakka Pinyin Dictionary (Chinese: 客語拼音字彙, literally "Hakka Pinyin Vocabulary") that was published in 1997. The romanization system is named after the Pinyin system used for Mandarin Chinese and is designed to resemble Pinyin.
Writing system
Hagfa Pinyim uses the Latin alphabet and numbers to indicate tones.[1] A single hyphen is used to represent a compound. The vowels listed are conventional forms, however irregular forms may occur.
Consonants
| Hagfa Pinyim
|
Extended bopomofo
|
IPA
|
Examples
|
| b
|
ㄅ
|
p
|
bag5 伯
|
| p
|
ㄆ
|
pʰ
|
pag6 白
|
| d
|
ㄉ
|
t
|
du3 肚
|
| t
|
ㄊ
|
tʰ
|
tai4 大
|
| g
|
ㄍ
|
k
|
ga1 家
|
| k
|
ㄎ
|
kʰ
|
kiung4 共
|
| z
|
ㄗ
|
ts
|
zo4 做
|
| c
|
ㄘ
|
tsʰ
|
ca1 車
|
| s
|
ㄙ
|
s
|
se4 細
|
| j
|
ㄐ
|
tɕ
|
ji1 知
|
| q
|
ㄑ
|
tɕʰ
|
qi2 徐
|
| x
|
ㄒ
|
ɕ
|
xi4 四
|
| l
|
ㄌ
|
l
|
li1 鯉
|
| m
|
ㄇ
|
m
|
mi3 美
|
| n
|
ㄋ
|
n
|
nai2 泥
|
| ng
|
ㄫ
|
ŋ
|
ngiu2 牛
|
| f
|
ㄈ
|
f
|
fi1 飛
|
| v
|
ㄪ
|
v/ʋ
|
vun2 文
|
| h
|
ㄏ
|
h
|
heu4 後
|
Semivowel
Vowels
Tones
| Tone number
|
Chinese tone name
|
Meixian
|
Huiyang
|
Hong Kong[2]
|
Sixian
|
Hailu
|
Examples
|
| 1
|
yinping (dark even)
|
44
|
44
|
33
|
24
|
53
|
fon1 歡
|
| 2
|
yangping (light even)
|
11
|
11
|
11
|
11
|
55
|
teu2 頭
|
| 3
|
yinshang (dark rising)
|
31
|
31
|
31
|
31
|
24
|
hi3 喜
|
| 3
|
yangshang (light rising)
(merged with yinshang)
|
31
|
31
|
31
|
31
|
24
|
hi3 喜
|
| 4
|
yinqu (dark departing)
|
52
|
53
|
53
|
55
|
11
|
mian4 面
|
| 4
|
yangqu (light departing)
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
33
|
|
| 5
|
yinru (dark entering)
|
1
|
1
|
32
|
2
|
5
|
zug5 粥
|
| 6
|
yangru (light entering)
|
5
|
5
|
5
|
5
|
2
|
sid6 食
|
- All words are written in their original tones instead of tones with tone sandhi.