The Hungarian Grand Principality was established around 895, following the 9th-century Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin. The Kingdom of Hungary existed from 1000–1001 with the coronation of King Saint Stephen. The Árpád dynasty, the male-line descendants of Grand Prince Árpád, ruled Hungary continuously from 895 to 1301. Christianity was adopted as the state religion for the Kingdom of Hungary by King Saint Stephen and the kings of the Árpád dynasty used the title of the apostolic king. The descendants of the dynasty gave the world the highest number of saints and blesseds from one family.[1] Therefore, since the 13th century the dynasty has often been referred to as the "Kindred of the Holy Kings". The Árpád dynasty ruled the Carpathian Basin for four hundred years, influencing almost all of Europe through its extensive dynastic connections.[2] The paternal lineage of the Árpád dynasty]came to end in 1301 with the death of King Andrew III of Hungary, and all of the subsequent kings of Hungary (with the exception of King Matthias Corvinus) were cognatic descendants of the Árpád dynasty. In 1918, after World War I, King Charles IV "renounced participation" in state affairs, but did not abdicate. The Kingdom of Hungary existed as a country from 1920 to 1946, and officially represented the Hungarian monarchy, but in reality there was no king.
The king-list for the first half of the 10th century is often disputed, as the Hungarian nation consisted of several tribes led by various leaders. The most frequently proposed list is:
Sigismund Sigismund of Luxembourg 30th king of HungaryReign with Mary (1387–1395) 31 March 1387 ┃ 9 December 1437 (50 years, 254 days)31 March 1387 Székesfehérvár
John II John Sigismund 40th king of HungaryFirst reign 13 September 1540 ┃ 19 July 1551 (10 years, 310 days)Second reign 25 November 1556 ┃ 16 August 1570 (13 years, 264 days)Never crowned
^On 27 August 1310, Archbishop Thomas of Esztergom put the Holy Crown on Charles's head in Székesfehérvár. Thus, Charles's third coronation was performed in full accordance with customary law.
^In its 1849 Declaration of Independence the Hungarian National Assembly declared that Joseph II was not a true King of Hungary because he was never crowned with the Crown of St. Stephen.
^Allan Ellenius, Wim Blockmans, European Science Foundation; The Origins of the Modern State in Europe: 13th to 18th Centuries, Oxford University Press, 1998
^Bálint Hóman, Gyula Szekfű, Gyula Szekfu; Magyar történet; Királyi Magyar Egyetemi Nyomda, 1938
^Štefan Holčík; Korunovačné slávnosti, Bratislava 1563–1830, Tatran, 1986
^Jenő Vértesy; Kölcsey Ferencz, Nyomatott a Magyar királyi Egyetemi könyvnyomdában, 1885
^Slovenská akadémia vied; Historický časopis, Vydatelʹstvo Slovenskej akadémie vied, 1985
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