Order of the State of Republic of Turkey Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Nişanı | |
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Awarded by President of Turkey | |
Type | State Orders |
Eligibility | Foreign Presidents and Heads of State |
Awarded for | "Given to people for the development of friendly relations with the Republic of Turkey." |
Status | Currently constituted |
Grades | Order of the State Order of the Gold Star |
Statistics | |
First induction | 14 July 1994 Lech Wałęsa |
Last induction | 21 March 2017 Al-Jaber Al-Sabah |
Total inductees | 28 |
Precedence | |
Next (higher) | None (highest) |
Next (lower) | Order of the Republic |
1st Class 2nd Class |
The Order of the State of Republic of Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Nişanı) is the highest state order awarded to foreign nationals by the President of the Republic of Turkey.
The Order of the State is conferred by the President, upon the decision of the Council of Ministers, to the Heads of State and presidents in recognition of their contributions for enhancing the amicable relations between their respective countries and Turkey.[1]
Category:Orders, decorations, and medals of Turkey Category:Civil awards and decorations of Turkey Category:Awards established in 1988 The couple have five children:
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Prince Henri became heir apparent to the Luxembourg throne on the abdication of his paternal grandmother, Grand Duchess Charlotte of Luxembourg, on 12 November 1964. From 1980 to 1998, he was a member of the Council of State.
On 4 March 1998, Prince Henri was appointed as lieutenant representative by his father, Grand Duke Jean, meaning that he assumed most of his father's constitutional powers. On 7 October 2000, immediately following the abdication of his father, Henri acceded as grand duke of Luxembourg and took the constitutional oath before the Chamber of Deputies later that day.
On 2 December 2008 it was announced that Grand Duke Henri had stated he would refuse to give his "assent" to a new law on euthanasia that had been passed earlier in the year by the Chamber of Deputies. Under the constitution then, the grand duke "sanctions and promulgates the laws" meaning the need for the grand duke's sanction or "approval" was required in order for laws to take effect. In the absence of clarity on the long-term implications for the constitutional position of the grand duke posed by such a refusal, it was announced by Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker that a constitutional amendment would be brought forward amending the constitution.
The Luxembourg royal house had tried to block a decision by parliament only once before, when Grand Duchess Marie-Adelaide refused to sign an education bill in 1912. The ultimate solution was that the grand duke would be declared unable to perform his duty temporarily; this was similar to the 'escape route' provided to his uncle King Baudouin of Belgium when he refused to sign an abortion law in 1991, and thus the law could take effect without the signature of the grand duke, but also without the need to enact far-reaching changes in the constitution.
Article 34 of the constitution was subsequently amended to remove the term "assent".[1] Leaving the relevant provision to read "The Grand Duke promulgates the laws..." As a result, his signature is still needed but is clear that his signature is automatic and that he/she has no freedom of decision. The head of state no longer has to "sanction" laws for them to take effect; he merely promulgates them.[2]
As the head of a constitutional monarchy, Grand Duke Henri's duties are primarily representative. However, he retains the constitutional power to appoint the prime minister and government, to dissolve the Chamber of Deputies, to promulgate laws and to accredit ambassadors.
Grand Duke Henri is commander-in-chief of the Luxembourg Army, in which he holds the rank of general. He is also an honorary major in the British RAF Regiment.
One of the grand duke's main functions is to represent Luxembourg in the field of foreign affairs. In May 2001, Grand Duke Henri and Grand Duchess Maria Teresa undertook their first foreign state visit to Spain at the invitation of King Juan Carlos and Queen Sofia.
Grand Duke Henri is a member of the International Olympic Committee, a member of The Mentor Foundation (established by the World Health Organisation) and a director of the Charles Darwin Trust for the Galápagos Islands.
The grand duke lives with his family at Berg Castle in Luxembourg. He also has a holiday home at Cabasson, near Bormes-les-Mimosas in the south of France.
Since the accession of Henri to the Grand Ducal Throne in 2000, the court's approach to media and publicity has varied markedly. In 2002, Grand Duke Henri expressly identified himself with a press conference called by Grand Duchess Maria Teresa with a view to discussing with journalists the shortcomings of her personal relations with her mother-in-law Grand Duchess Joséphine-Charlotte.
In contrast, when the grand ducal couple's first grandchild was born in 2006, the Court Circular pointedly omitted to mention the event, probably as the father Prince Louis was not married at the time. However, the pregnancy was announced in 2005, so the country was informed that the prince and his girlfriend were going to be parents. The press also had access to the child's baptism.
The grand ducal family's approach to media and publicity issues has given rise to media comment regarding the quality of communications advice which has been sought and followed. As well as the public airing of the difficulties between the grand duchess and her mother-in-law, several other events have resulted in adverse publicity, most notably: in 2004, the opening of parliament by the grand duke in person, the first time in over 100 years the monarch had done so; in 2005, the grand duke announced he intended to vote in favour of the European Constitution in the impending referendum, only to be reminded by senior politicians that he had no such right; the proposed sale of large tracts of the Gruenewald in the summer of 2006 shortly followed by the proposed sale (cancelled shortly afterwards) at Sotheby's of recently deceased Grand Duchess Joséphine-Charlotte's effects.[3]
On 3 February 2011, Henri was admitted to the Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg on falling ill. Shortly after, the grand ducal court issued a statement saying that he was to undergo an angioplasty. The day after, the communications chief announced that the procedure had been a success. "The state of His Royal Highness' health is not disturbing," the statement read, before stating the grand duke may leave the hospital within the next few days. Although the reason has not formally been disclosed, it is reported that the grand duke felt ill after waking that day, and the court physician noticed circulation problems. It was then that he was rushed to hospital, to the cardiac unit, and was discharged the following day.
The Grand Duke's style and title in full: His Royal Highness Henri by the Grace of God, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Duke of Nassau, Count Palatine of the Rhine, Count of Sayn, Königstein, Katzenelnbogen and Diez, Burgrave of Hammerstein, Lord of Mahlberg, Wiesbaden, Idstein, Merenberg, Limburg and Eppstein[citation needed]
On ascending the throne, Grand Duke Henri relinquished the styling "by the Grace of God", and in the laws, decrees, and official documents his name and title is: "Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Duke of Nassau".[citation needed]
See also: List of honours of the Luxembourgish Grand-Ducal Family by country |
Patrilineal descent |
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Henri's patriline is the line from which he is descended father to son. Patrilineal descent is the principle behind membership in royal houses, as it can be traced back through the generations - which means that if Grand Duke Henri were to choose an historically accurate house name it would be Robert, as all his male-line ancestors have been of that house. Henri is a member of the House of Bourbon-Parma, a sub-branch of the House of Bourbon-Spain, itself originally a branch of the House of Bourbon, and thus of the Capetian dynasty and of the Robertians. Henri's patriline is the line from which he is descended father to son. It follows the Dukes of Parma as well as the Kings of Spain, France, and Navarre. The line can be traced back more than 1,200 years from Robert of Hesbaye to the present day, through Kings of France & Navarre, Spain and Two-Sicilies, Dukes of Parma and Grand-Dukes of Luxembourg, Princes of Orléans and Emperors of Brazil. It is one of the oldest in Europe.
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Category:1955 births
Category:20th-century Roman Catholics
Category:21st-century Roman Catholics
Category:Grand Dukes of Luxembourg
Category:International Olympic Committee members
Category:Living people
Category:Luxembourgian Roman Catholics
Category:Members of the Council of State of Luxembourg
Category:People from Betzdorf, Luxembourg
Category:Pretenders
Category:Roman Catholic monarchs
Category:Graduates of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst
Category:University of Geneva alumni
Category:Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies alumni
Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Adolphe of Nassau
Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Oak Crown
Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
Category:Knights of the Golden Fleece
Category:Recipients of the Grand Star of the Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria
Category:Grand Collars of the Order of the Southern Cross
Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Southern Cross
Category:Recipients of the Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana
Category:Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana, 1st Class
Category:Knights Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Pius IX
Category:Knights of Malta
Category:Grand Crosses of the National Order of Mali
Category:Grand Collars of the Order of Saint James of the Sword
Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint James of the Sword
Category:Grand Collars of the Order of Prince Henry
Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Prince Henry
Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Star of Romania
Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of the White Double Cross
Category:Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
Category:Grand Collars of the Order of Liberty
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Generations are numbered from the accession of Adolphe as Grand Duke of Luxembourg in 1890. | ||
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*also a prince of Nassau ^also a prince of Bourbon-Parma §not a Luxembourgian prince by birth, but created Prince Consort |
Generations are numbered from the accession of William as Duke of Nassau in 1816. | ||
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2nd generation | ||
3rd generation | ||
4th generation | ||
5th generation | ||
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*also a prince of Luxembourg ^also a prince of Bourbon-Parma §not a Luxembourgian prince by birth, but created Prince Consort |
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Monarchs (duchy of Nassau) |
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*also Grand Duke (Duchess) of Luxembourg # Also Prince of Nassau-Weilburg ¶ Also Prince of Nassau-Usingen |
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